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  • 2000-2004  (172)
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Year
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 14 (2000), S. 613-631 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A precise measurement of the strange quark forward-backward asymmetry used 3.2M multihadronic events around the Z $^0$ peak collected by the DELPHI experiment from 1992 to 1995. The ring imaging Cherenkov detectors in the barrel and end-cap regions identify high energy charged kaons which tag the s quark. The s quark asymmetry was measured at different centre-of-mass energies; in particular at the Z $^0$ pole \begin{equation} A^0_{s\bar{s}} = 0.1008 \pm 0.0113 \, \mbox{(stat.)} \pm 0.0040 \, \mbox{(syst.)}, \nonumber \end{equation} taking the expected d and u quark asymmetries from the Standard Model. The quark flavour fractions are assumed from the Standard Model and the fragmentation process is modelled by JETSET. From the s quark pole asymmetry the electroweak mixing angle was determined: \begin{equation} \sin^2\theta_{eff}^{lept} = 0.2321 \pm 0.0029.\nonumber \end{equation} The parity violating coupling of the s quark to the Z was determined to be: \begin{equation} A_{s} = 0.909 \pm 0.102\, \mbox{(stat.)} \pm 0.036 \mbox{(syst.)}. \nonumber \end{equation}
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 14 (2000), S. 443-455 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Muon pair production in p-A, S-U and Pb-Pb collisions has been studied by the NA38 and NA50 collaborations at the CERN SPS. In this paper we present an analysis of the dimuon invariant mass region between the $\phi$ and the J/ $\psi$ . In p-A collisions we find that, after the subtraction of the combinatorial background due to $\pi$ and K decays, the superposition of dimuons from semi-leptonic decays of D mesons and from the Drell-Yan process reproduces well the measured mass and transverse momentum spectra. The yield of open charm dimuons required to fit our data leads to a charm production cross section in good agreement with previous measurements. A linear extrapolation of the p-A sources with the product of the mass numbers of the projectile and target nuclei, $A\times B$ , underestimates the dimuon yield measured in S-U and Pb-Pb collisions. The excess increases with the number of participant nucleons, and the ratio between the observed dimuon yield and the expected sources reaches a factor 2 for central Pb-Pb interactions. The kinematical distributions of the measured dimuon excess are compatible with those expected from the open charm contribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 14 (2000), S. 585-611 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The $\tau$ polarisation has been studied with the ${\rm e^+e^-}\to \tau^+\tau^-$ data collected by the DELPHI detector at LEP in 1993, 1994 and 1995 around the Z resonance firstly through the exclusive decay channels ${\rm e}\nu\bar{\nu}$ , $\mu\nu\bar{\nu}$ , $\pi\nu$ , $\rho\nu$ and ${\rm a}_1\nu$ and secondly with an inclusive hadronic analysis which benefits from a higher efficiency and a better systematic precision. The results have been combined with those previously published on 1990 to 1992 DELPHI data, to produce results which reflect the full LEP-1 statistics. The fit of the $\tau$ polarisation dependence on the production angle yielded the polarisation parameters ${\cal A}_{_{\scriptstyle \!\tau}}=0.1359 \pm 0.0096$ and ${\cal A}_{_{\scriptstyle \!e}}=0.1382 \pm 0.0116$ . From these results the ratio of the vector and axial-vector effective couplings $\bar{v}_{\tau} / \bar{a}_{\tau} = 0.0683\pm0.0048$ and $\bar{v}_{\rm e} / \bar{a}_{\rm e} = 0.0694\pm0.0058$ have been derived, compatible with e $-\tau$ universality. With the assumption of lepton universality, the ratio of vector to axial-vector effective couplings for leptons $\bar{v}_l / \bar{a}_l = 0.0687\pm0.0037$ was obtained, implying a value of the effective weak mixing angle $\sin^{2}\theta^{\rm lept}_{\rm eff} = 0.23282\pm0.00092$ .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 16 (2000), S. 1-40 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We report on measurements of hadronic and leptonic cross sections and leptonic forward-backward asymmetries performed with the L3 detector in the years 1993–95. A total luminosity of $103 {\rm pb}^{-1}$ was collected at centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt s \approx m_{\rm Z}$ and $\sqrt s \approx m_{\rm Z} \pm 1.8{\rm GeV}$ which corresponds to 2.5 million hadronic and 245 thousand leptonic events selected. These data lead to a significantly improved determination of Z parameters. From the total cross sections, combined with our measurements in 1990–92, we obtain the final results: \begin{eqnarray*} m_{\rm Z} = 91\,189.8 \pm 3.1\,{\rm MeV}\, , & & \Gamma_{\rm Z} = 2\,502.4 \pm 4.2\,{\rm MeV} \, , \Gamma_{\rm had} = 1\,751.1 \pm 3.8\,{\rm MeV} \, , & & \Gamma_{\ell} = 84.14 \pm 0.17\,{\rm MeV} \,. \end{eqnarray*} An invisible width of $\Gamma_{\rm inv} = 499.1\pm 2.9\,{\rm MeV}$ is derived which in the Standard Model yields for the number of light neutrino species $N_{\nu} = 2.978\pm 0.014$ . Adding our results on the leptonic forward-backward asymmetries and the tau polarisation, the effective vector and axial-vector coupling constants of the neutral weak current to charged leptons are determined to be $\bar g^{\ell}_{\rm V}= -0.0397\pm 0.0017$ and $\bar g^{\ell}_{\rm A} = -0.50153 \pm 0.00053$ . Including our measurements of the ${\rm Z}\rightarrow{\rm b\bar b}$ forward-backward and quark charge asymmetries a value for the effective electroweak mixing angle of $\sin^2 \bar \theta_{\rm W} = 0.23093 \pm 0.00066$ is derived. All these measurements are in good agreement with the Standard Model of electroweak interactions. Using all our measurements of electroweak observables an upper limit on the mass of the Standard Model Higgs boson of $m_{\rm H} 〈 133$ GeV is set at 95% confidence level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 16 (2000), S. 185-210 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We have studied hadronic events from $\mathrm{e^+e^-}$ annihilation data at centre-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}=$ 172, 183 and 189 GeV. The total integrated luminosity of the three samples, measured with the OPAL detector, corresponds to 250 pb $^{-1}$ . We present distributions of event shape variables, charged particle multiplicity and momentum, measured separately in the three data samples. From these we extract measurements of the strong coupling $\alpha_s $ , the mean charged particle multiplicity $\langle n_{\mathrm{ch}}\rangle$ and the peak position $\xi_0$ in the $\xi_p=\ln(1/x_p)$ distribution. In general the data are described well by analytic QCD calculations and Monte Carlo models. Our measured values of $\alpha_s $ , $\langle n_{\mathrm{ch}}\rangle$ and $\xi_0$ are consistent with previous determinations at $\sqrt{s}=M_{\mathrm{Z^0}}$ .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 16 (2000), S. 211-228 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Sleptons, neutralinos and charginos were searched for in the context of scenarios where the lightest supersymmetric particle is the gravitino. It was assumed that the stau is the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle. Data collected with the DELPHI detector at a centre-of-mass energy near 189 GeV were analysed combining the methods developed in previous searches at lower energies. No evidence for the production of these supersymmetric particles was found. Hence, limits were derived at 95% confidence level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 16 (2000), S. 71-85 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Searches for topologies characteristic of Gauge Mediated SUSY Breaking models (GMSB) are performed by analysing 173.6 $\mathrm{pb}^{-1}$ of data collected at $\sqrt s$ = 188.6 GeV with the ALEPH detector. These topologies include acoplanar photons, non-pointing single photon, acoplanar leptons, large impact parameter leptons, detached slepton decay vertices, heavy stable charged sleptons and four leptons plus missing energy final states. No evidence for these new phenomena is observed and limits on production cross sections and sparticle masses are derived. A scan of a minimal GMSB parameter space is performed and model dependent lower limits of about 45 GeV/ $c^2$ on the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP) mass and of about 9 TeV on the mass scale parameter $\Lambda$ are derived, independently of the NLSP lifetime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 16 (2000), S. 445-451 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Two-particle correlations have been measured for identified $\pi^-$ from central 158 A GeV Pb+Pb collisions and fitted radii of about 7 fm in all dimensions have been obtained. A multi-dimensional study of the radii as a function of $k_T$ is presented, including a full correction for the resolution effects of the apparatus. The cross term $R^2_{out-long}$ of the standard fit in the Longitudinally CoMoving System (LCMS) and the $v_L$ parameter of the generalised Yano-Koonin fit are compatible with 0, suggesting that the source undergoes a boost invariant expansion. The shapes of the correlation functions in $Q_{inv}$ and $Q_{space}=\sqrt{Q^2_x+Q^2_y+Q^2_z}$ have been analyzed in detail. They are not Gaussian but better represented by exponentials. As a consequence, fitting Gaussians to these correlation functions may produce different radii depending on the acceptance of the experimental setup used for the measurement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 18 (2000), S. 253-272 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Photonic events with large missing energy have been observed in $\rm e^+e^-$ collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 189 GeV using the OPAL detector at LEP. Results are presented for event topologies consistent with a single photon or with an acoplanar photon pair. Cross-section measurements are performed within the kinematic acceptance of each selection, and the number of light neutrino species is measured. Cross-section results are compared with the expectations from the Standard Model process $\mathrme^+\mathrme^-\to \nu\overline{\nu}$ + photon(s). No evidence is observed for new physics contributions to these final states. Upper limits on $\sigma(\mathrme^+\mathrme^-\to\mathrm{X}\mathrm{Y})\cdot\mathrm{BR}(\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Y}\gamma)$ and $\sigma(\mathrme^+\mathrme^-\to\mathrm{XX})\cdot\mathrm{BR}^2(\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Y}\gamma)$ are derived for the case of stable and invisible $\mathrm{Y}$ . These limits apply to single and pair production of excited neutrinos ( $\mathrm{X} = \nu^*, \mathrm{Y} = \nu$ ), to neutralino production ( $\mathrm{X}={{{\tilde{\chi}}^{0}}_{2}}, \mathrm{Y}={{{\tilde{\chi}}^{0}}_{1}}$ ) and to supersymmetric models in which $\mathrm{X} ={{{\tilde{\chi}}^{0}}_{1}}$ and $\mathrm{Y}={\tilde{\mathrm{G}}}$ is a light gravitino. The case of macroscopic decay lengths of particle X is considered for $\mathrme^+\mathrme^- \to \mathrm{XX}$ , $\rm X \to Y \gamma$ , when $M_{\mathrm Y}\approx 0$ . The single-photon results are also used to place upper limits on superlight gravitino pair production as well as graviton-photon production in the context of theories with additional space dimensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 18 (2000), S. 303-316 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Production and decay angular distributions were extracted from measurements of exclusive electroproduction of the $\rho^0(770)$ meson over a range in the virtual photon negative four-momentum squared $0.5 〈 Q^2 〈 4$ GeV $^2$ and the photon-nucleon invariant mass range $3.8 〈 W 〈 6.5$ GeV. The experiment was performed with the Hermes spectrometer, using a longitudinally polarized positron beam and a $^3$ He gas target internal to the HERA e $^\pm$ storage ring. The event sample combines $\rho^0$ mesons produced incoherently off individual nucleons and coherently off the nucleus as a whole. The distributions in one production angle and two angles describing the $\rho^0 \rightarrow \pi^+\pi^-$ decay yielded measurements of eight elements of the spin-density matrix, including one that had not been measured before. The results are consistent with the dominance of helicity conserving amplitudes and natural parity exchange. The improved precision achieved at $4 〈 W 〈 7$ GeV, in combination with other data at $W〉7$ GeV, reveals evidence for an energy dependence in the ratio R of the longitudinal to transverse cross sections at constant $Q^2$ .
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