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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-vitro cyclosporin sensitivity of proliferating lymphocytes is predictive of in-vivo therapeutic response in ulcerative colitis (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The efficacy of cyclosporin in the management of ulcerative colitis is recognized. Not all patients respond to this treatment. Existing clinical and laboratory parameters are of little use in identifying those most likely to respond.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aims:To determine whether in-vitro sensitivity to cyclosporin as measured by a lymphocyte proliferation assay is predictive of in-vivo response to therapy.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:The study comprised seven responders with ulcerative colitis, seven non-responders, and 14 healthy matched controls. A lymphocyte proliferation assay was carried out in the presence of a range of concentrations of cyclosporin and a dose–response curve constructed for each subject. The IC50 value, the concentration of cyclosporin that resulted in 50% inhibition of proliferation, was calculated for each subject. IC50 values for responders, non-responders and controls were compared using a Mann–Whitney test.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:There was a wide range of values obtained for the study group as a whole. IC50 values for non-responders were significantly higher than those of responders (P 〈 0.05).〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:There is a population-wide variation of in-vitro sensitivity to cyclosporin. This is reflected in in-vivo sensitivity as measured by clinical response to cyclosporin treatment. Future therapeutic strategies need to address this inherent variability of individual response to therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00977.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disconnecting hippocampal projections to the anterior thalamus produces deficits on tests of spatial memory in rats (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A disconnection procedure was used to test whether projections from the hippocampus to the anterior thalamic nuclei (AT), via the fimbria-fornix (FX), form functional components of a spatial memory system. The behavioural effects of combined unilateral lesions in the AT and FX were compared when they were either in contralateral hemispheres (AT-FX Contra) or the same hemisphere (AT-FX Ipsi). Other groups received bilateral FX lesions and Sham surgeries. Expt 1 demonstrated that none of these lesions affected performance of an object recognition task, while performance of an object location task, which tests the subjects' preference for an object that has changed location, was impaired in the AT-FX Contra and FX groups. In a T-maze alternation task, however, the FX group was severely impaired while both the AT-FX Ipsi and AT-FX Contra lesion groups showed only a mild impairment. In order to test whether spared crossed projections might support spatial performance in the AT-FX Contra group we then examined the effects of a combined AT-FX Contra lesion coupled with transection of the hippocampal commissure. This combination of lesions produced a severe disruption in spatial memory performance in the water maze, radial arm maze and T-maze, which was significantly greater than that produced by ipsilateral and contralateral AT-FX lesions alone. These results support the notion that disconnection of the AT from their hippocampal inputs produces impairments on a range of spatial memory tasks, but indicate that there are an array of different routes that can subserve this function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00039.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cholestatic pruritus – the role of cutaneous mast cells and nerves (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The pathogenesis of pruritus in cholestatic liver disease is poorly understood. Cutaneous mast cells and nerves are thought to contribute to pruritus in several dermatological diseases.Aim : To determine if cutaneous mast cell density, neural density and mast cell–neural interaction are increased in patients with pruritus and cholestatic liver disease.Methods : Skin biopsy specimens from (i) patients with pruritus due to cholestatic liver disease (CLDP+; n = 6), (ii) patients with chronic liver disease without pruritus (CLDP−; n = 5), and (iii) healthy controls (n = 6) were studied. Biopsies were dual stained immunohistochemically for mast cells and nerves.Results : Mast cell density in the control group was not significantly different from that in CLDP+ group or from that in the CLDP− group. Similarly neural density was not significantly different between groups when assessed either in terms of total nerve area, or in terms of the number of neural elements seen. The frequency of mast cell–nerve contact was not significantly different between groups.Conclusions : These findings suggest that mast cells, nerves or interaction between the two may not contribute to cholestatic pruritus. Therefore, therapies targeted at cutaneous mast cells or nerves are unlikely to be of benefit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01997.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of β-Endorphin and Substance P in the Shoulder Joint of the Dog Before and After a Low Impact Exercise Programme (2002)
    Berlin Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 31 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: β-endorphin and substance P were immunolocalized in the articular cartilage, synovial membrane and fibrous joint capsule of dogs. Twelve adult greyhounds were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, limited exercise, or regimented exercise. On day 0, biopsies of articular cartilage and joint capsule were obtained from the left shoulder joints of dogs receiving limited and regimented exercise. On day 72, biopsies of joint capsule from right and left shoulders and articular cartilage from the right shoulder joint were analysed for the presence of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and for immunolocalization of substance P and β-endorphin. Regimented exercise increased the presence of GAGs and immunolocalization of substance P and β-endorphin in articular cartilage and synovial membrane compared to day 0 biopsies and untreated controls. Localization of β-endorphin became prominent in and around the chondrocytes. Substance P was increased in chondrocytes and extracellular matrix. Concomitant changes in localization of β-endorphin and substance P may have a role in the modulation of the microphysiological environment, metabolism, or function of joint tissues in response to low-impact exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0264.2002.00361.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early prostate cancer detected using expression of non-functional cytolytic P2X7 receptors (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 44 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims:  To detect early prostate cancer reliably by monitoring the expression of non-functional P2X7 cytolytic purinergic receptors.Methods and results:  P2X7 receptors were absent from normal prostate epithelium obtained from post mortem tissue and tissue from cases of transurethral resection collected from young men (n = 23) who were confirmed to be free of cancer at later procedures 5–10 years after collection of the original samples. However, P2X7 was present in every case of 116 confirmed prostate cancers regardless of Gleason grade or patient age. P2X7 was present in apparently normal epithelial cells in acini well outside the tumour margins, but appeared in a distinct stage-specific manner commencing with the nucleus, progressing to the cytoplasm and collecting finally on the apical membrane of the epithelial cells in morphologically distinct cancer. The pattern of P2X7 receptor localization in the epithelial cells was recorded in earlier biopsies obtained from the same patient cohort. One hundred and fourteen of 116 prostates stained positively for P2X7 at the earliest biopsy, though generally with a less advanced pattern of distribution.Conclusions:  The appearance of P2X7 receptors in normal prostate tissue adjacent to prostate tumours makes direct tumour biopsy less critical for positive cancer diagnosis and enables cancer progression to be monitored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0309-0167.2004.01798.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bleaching of corals on the Great Barrier Reef: differential susceptibilities among taxa (2000)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 19 (2000), S. 155-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Keywords: Key Words Acclimatization ; Coral reef ; Disturbance ; History ; Mortality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Large-scale coral bleaching episodes are potentially major disturbances to coral reef systems, yet a definitive picture of variation in assemblage response and species susceptibilities is still being compiled. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of the bleaching response of 4160 coral colonies, representing 45 genera and 15 families, from two depths at four sites on reefs fringing inshore islands on the Great Barrier Reef. Six weeks after the onset of large-scale bleaching in 1998, between 11 and 83% of colonies along replicate transects were affected by bleaching, and mortality was 1 to 16%. There were significant differences in bleaching response between sites, depths and taxa. Cyphastrea, Turbinaria and Galaxea were relatively unaffected by bleaching, while most acroporids and pocilloporids were highly susceptible. The hydrocorals (Millepora spp.) were the most susceptible taxa, with 85% mortality. Spatial variation in assemblage response was linked to the taxonomic composition of reef sites and their bleaching history. We suggest, therefore, that much of the spatial variation in bleaching response was due to assemblage composition and thermal acclimation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003380000086
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological differences among three species of newly settled pocilloporid coral recruits (2000)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 19 (2000), S. 179-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Keywords: Key words Coral reef ; Growth ; Pocilloporidae ; Settlement ; Skeletogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Investigation of the life history of corals is hampered by an inability to identify early recruits. In this study, the pattern of formation and morphology of the juvenile skeletons of three laboratory-reared pocilloporids, Seriatopora hystrix, Stylophora pistillata and Pocillopora damicornis, were compared to determine whether they could be reliably distinguished. The pattern of skeleton formation, including the origin and structure of the septa, columella and corallite wall was similar in all species. Following the completion of the primary corallite wall after 4–5 days, these species could be identified by differences in the diameter of the primary corallite. The mean diameter (±SE) of each species differed markedly: S. hystrix 400 ± 2.7 μm, range 325–450 μm; S. pistillata 505 ± 3.5 μm, range 400–550 μm; P. damicornis 697 ± 7.5 μm, range 492–885 μm. Values for the primary corallite diameter overlapped in only 3% of samples, demonstrating the potential utility of this feature as a tool for classifying recruits obtained from the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006955
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishment and characterization of equine autonomic ganglion cell lines to enable direct testing of candidate toxins involved in equine dysautonomia (grass sickness) (2000)
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 16 (2000), S. 63-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: SV40 large T temperature-sensitive antigen ; thoracic sympathetic chain ganglia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To enable direct testing of a range of potential toxins or pathogens that might be involved in grass sickness, equine thoracic sympathetic chain ganglion cell lines were established from primary cell cultures by retroviral-mediated transduction of the temperature-sensitive mutant of the establishment oncogene encoding SV40 large T antigen. Morphological and behavioral features, temperature dependence, and immunocytochemical characteristics of the cell lines were investigated. The majority of cells were noradrenergic neurons in which dopamine-β-hydroxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes norepinephrine synthesis, and neuropeptide Y coexisted. Cells treated with plasma from grass sickness cases that had previously been shown to induce autonomic nervous system damage when injected into normal horses showed significantly decreased mitochondrial function after 1 day. After 3 days exposure most cells showed severe degeneration in contrast to those treated with normal plasma. Liver and lung cell lines were also susceptible to plasma, suggesting that the toxin is not specifically neurotoxic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007648721564
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