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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetization reversal and coercivity of magnetic-force microscopy tips (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 6098-6104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An experimental technique is presented that allows determining the magnetization reversal and coercivity of magnetic-force microscopy (MFM) tips. An Ω-shaped current carrying gold ring with a radius of 2400 nm fabricated by electron-beam lithography and a lift-off technique is charged with a constant current in order to produce a magnetic stray field in the z direction that is detected by MFM. While an oscillating MFM tip is continuously raster scanned across the center of the current ring, an external magnetic field is applied in the z direction and increased in magnitude in order to reverse the tip magnetization during imaging. Thus, the corresponding changes in the measured image contrast exclusively describe the magnetization reversal and coercivity of the particular part of the tip that is used for imaging. We have investigated commercially available thin-film tips and we find that the hysteresis loops measured with MFM may be significantly different as compared to hysteresis loops measured by means of superconducting quantum interference magnetometry on the respective magnetic tip coatings of the same tip. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1368872
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accounting for Air Pollution Emissions in Measures of State Manufacturing Productivity Growth (2001)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Journal of regional science 41 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: A Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index is employed to account for both marketed output and the output of pollution abatement activities of U.S. state manufacturing sectors for –1986. The index allows us to decompose the change in productivity into measures of change in efficiency and technical change. By accounting for the change in emissions, average annual productivity growth is 3.6 percent, whereas it is 1.7 percent when emissions are ignored. We also find adjusted productivity growth improved after 1977, and “Frost Belt” states with rapidly growing manufacturing sectors have significantly higher rates of productivity growth than “Sun Belt” states with slow growing manufacturing sectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0022-4146.00223
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetization reversal and coercivity of a single-domain Co/Pt dot measured with a calibrated magnetic force microscope tip (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 2020-2022 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetization reversal and the coercivity of a nanofabricated single-domain 230 nm diam Co/Pt multilayer dot with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy are measured quantitatively with magnetic force microscopy (MFM). During MFM imaging, a variable external magnetic field ranging between −1 kOe〈H〈1 kOe is applied in the z direction in order to simultaneously reverse the magnetizations of both the single-domain Co/Pt dot and the MFM tip. The hysteresis loop of the Co/Pt dot can be extracted unambiguously from the resulting MFM image contrast, since we have used a calibrated MFM tip, for which the magnetization reversal has been determined independently also by MFM using a nanofabricated current carrying ring. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361100
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative determination of the magnetization and stray field of a single domain Co/Pt dot with magnetic force microscopy (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 3094-3096 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The z-component of both the magnetization and the stray field of a nanometer sized single domain magnetic Co/Pt multilayer dot with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is determined quantitatively within the point probe approximation by magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The MFM tip used is calibrated by probing omega-shaped nanosized current rings fabricated by electron-beam lithography. Since the stray field geometry of the dot and the current rings are similar, the calibrated tip can be used to determine quantitatively the magnetization and the stray field of the dot with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126534
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-reversal of the evolution of a dipole-coupled, many-spin system under continuous resonant irradiation (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 409-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Time-reversal of the evolution of a dipole-coupled, many-spin system under continuous resonant excitation with a radio-frequency (rf) field of arbitrary amplitude is demonstrated in solid-state 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments on polycrystalline adamantane. Time-reversed evolution is accomplished with an rf pulse sequence that generates an effective nuclear spin Hamiltonian that includes both dipole–dipole coupling and rf interaction terms, with signs opposite to those in forward evolution. The amplitude of the effective continuous rf field is varied by varying the phases of rf pulses in the sequence. Experiments show echo-like NMR signals under time-reversed evolution after forward evolution to an apparent quasiequilibrium state under continuous rf excitation. Such echolike signals are inconsistent with the hypothesis of spin temperature in the rotating frame, according to which the approach to quasiequilibrium under continuous rf excitation is an irreversible process. The use of this time-reversed evolution in multiple quantum (MQ) NMR spectroscopy is also demonstrated. MQ NMR spectra obtained with increasing excitation times exhibit a partial confinement of nuclear spin order to zero- and one-quantum operators. This novel behavior is shown to be a consequence of energy conservation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1330239
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dyslipoproteinaemia in postmenopausal women with a history of eclampsia (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 107 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To test the hypothesis that postmenopausal women with a history of eclampsia manifest a more high risk lipid profile than postmenopausal women with a history of normal pregnancy.Setting The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland, and the Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.Participants Thirty Icelandic women with a history of eclampsia, aged between 50 and 67 years at the time of re-examination (cases) were individually matched for current age, and for age and parity at index pregnancy, to 30 unrelated Icelandic women with a history of normal pregnancy (controls).Methods The participating women completed a health and family history questionnaire and underwent a physical examination. Fasting plasma low density lipoprotein diameter, serum lipids, insulin, and glucose were measured.Results Mean low density lipoprotein size was significantly smaller and apolipoprotein B concentration was higher in women with prior eclampsia. The percentage of cases receiving blood pressure medication (33%) was significantly greater than controls (6.7%). Thirteen cases had had hypertensive complications in at least one other pregnancy (recurrent subgroup); postmenopausally, these women displayed significantly increased diastolic blood pressures, smaller-sized low density lipoprotein, increased apolipoprotein B, decreased high density lipoprotein2 (HDL2) cholesterol, and increased total cholesterol: HDL cholesterol ratio compared with their controls. Fourteen cases were normotensive in all other pregnancies (nonrecurrent); these showed no differences from their controls.Conclusions Dyslipoproteinaemia is more prevalent among postmenopausal women with prior eclampsia, especially with recurrent hypertension in pregnancy, than in postmenopausal women with prior normal pregnancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13340.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EXAMINATION OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND BAKING PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED SOFT WHEAT FLOURS (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food quality 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4557
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Results of farinograph and dough stickiness testing of seven 1BL/1RS positive and five 1BL/1RS negative soft, red, winter wheats (SRWW) were correlated with baking performance data. Biscuit volume was not significantly correlated with any farinograph parameters or with dough stickiness. Significant negative correlations were found between the diameters of cookies baked from SRWW flours and their farinograph percent water absorption, r =−0.825 (P 〈 0.01) and arrival times, r =−0.476 (P ≤ 0.05). Cake volume was negatively correlated with percent water absorption values of SRWW flours, r =−0.494 (P ≥ 0.05). Dough stickiness was positively correlated with cake tenderness, r = 0.486 (P ≥ 0.05). Significant positive correlations were also found between the cake tenderness of SRWW when grown in one of two locations, Blacksburg, Virginia, and farinograph departure times, r = 0.751 (P ≥ 0.05), and mixing stabilities, r = 0.749 (P ≥ 0.05). The results suggest that although bakers may encounter problems in using 1BL/1RS translocated SRWW flours in cookies because of reduced cookie spread, these flours can be successfully incorporated into biscuits and cakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.2004.tb00653.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BAKING PERFORMANCE OF 1BL/1RS SOFT RED WINTER WHEATS (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food quality 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4557
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Baking performance of nine 1BL/1RS soft red winter wheat (SRWW) lines and six non-1BL/1RS lines was assessed during two crop years, 1995–96 and 1996–97, and at two locations, Blacksburg and Warsaw, Virginia. The 1BL/1RS flours produced cookies with significantly smaller diameters than non-1BL/1RS flours (p ≤ 0.0026) across both growing years and locations. There was a highly significant negative correlation (r =−0.709) between cookie spread and alkaline water retention capacity (AWRC) of SRWW flours. Overall, there was no significant difference (p = 0.2552) in biscuit volume of 1BL/1RS and non-1BL/1RS flours. There were no significant differences in cake volumes of 1BL/1RS and non-1BL/1RS flours when data from both years and locations were combined, p = 0.0710; or when Blacksburg and Warsaw locations were considered separately, p = 0.2009 and 0.1882, respectively. Finally, there were no significant differences in the texture of cakes made from 1BL/1RS and non-1BL/1RS flours regardless of growing year or location. These results suggest that the 1BL/1RS translocation significantly reduces the cookie spread of SRWW flours but has no significant impact on biscuit or cake quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.2001.tb00596.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high performance digital receiver for home-built nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 453-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design and construction of a high-performance, low-cost, and easy to assemble quadrature digital receiver for a home-built nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer is described. Critical synchronization and timing issues are considered and solutions are discussed. The performance of the receiver is compared to that of a modern commercial NMR spectrometer. Advantages of this system include excellent passband flatness and delay flatness, very sharp filter cutoff, high dynamic range, bandwidths up to 30 MHz, and perfect balance between the quadrature channels with no component matching or adjustment. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1433950
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    State-to-state dynamics of the H+c-C6H12→H2(v′,j′)+c-C6H11 reaction (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 2560-2565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rovibrational state distributions for the H2 product of the H+c-C6H12→H2+c-C6H11 abstraction reaction have been measured at 1.6 eV collision energy under single-collision conditions. The state distributions are compared to those for the H2 product of the reaction of H atoms with CD3(CH2)4CD3 and n-C6H14 that we have measured previously. Abstraction of secondary H atoms from the cyclic C6 alkane produces H2(v′=0,j′) and H2(v′=1,j′) rotational state distributions that are significantly colder than those from the reaction of the linear C6 alkane. These results are interpreted within a simple phenomenological local reaction model that we have developed for these atom+polyatom reactions. The substantial differences between the state distributions for the reactions of the cyclic and linear alkanes indicate that reactions of cyclohexane are not representative of reactions at all secondary C–H. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1386651
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