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  • 2000-2004  (2)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Momentum profiles of the valence orbitals of methylpropane, also known as isobutane (CH3CH(CH3)CH3), have been studied by using a high resolution binary (e,2e) electron momentum spectrometer (EMS), at an impact energy of 1200 eV plus the binding energy, and using symmetric noncoplanar kinematics. The coincidence energy resolution of the EMS spectrometer is 0.95 eV full width at half-maximum. The experimental momentum profiles of the valence orbitals are compared with the theoretical momentum distributions calculated using Hartree–Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) methods with the two basis sets of 6-31G and 6-311++G**. The B3LYP functionals are used for the DFT calculations. In general, the experimental momentum distributions are well described by the HF and DFT calculations. The pole strengths of the main ionization peaks from the orbitals in the inner valence are estimated. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 53 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Activation of B lymphocytes involves binding of antigen to the specific receptor and signalling through several membrane coreceptors, of which CD19 has been found to play a pivotal role as a response regulator. Although previous studies in CD19 gene knockout mice have demonstrated that antibody responses to T-cell-dependent antigens are strongly impaired in the absence of this coreceptor, little is known about the consequences of CD19 deficiency for the interaction between T and B cells. Here we report that Th2 co-ordinated B-cell differentiation is selectively impaired in CD19-deficient mice in response to mucosal or systemic immunizations or following an intestinal infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Whereas immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 or IgE antibody responses were low or absent, IgG2a responses were normal. The selective defect was not caused by a poor Th2-development or interleukin (IL)-4 responsiveness in CD19-deficient mice. Rather, it was the result of an impaired Th2–B cell interaction, owing to a substantially reduced ability to signal via CD40 in CD19-deficient B cells. Thus, our study in CD19-deficient mice suggests that CD40L–CD40-interactions are more important for Th2 than for Th1 co-ordinated B-cell differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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