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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of interventional cardiology 15 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII, EC 3.14.17.21) is a membrane-bound enzyme found on the extracellular face ofglia. The gene for this enzyme is designated FOLH1 in humans and Folh1 in mice. This enzyme has been proposed to be responsible for inactivation of the neurotransmitter N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) following synaptic release. Mice harboring a disruption of the gene for GCPII/Folh1 were generated by inserting into the genome a targeting cassette in which the intron–exon boundary sequences of exons 1 and 2 were removed and stop codons were inserted in exons 1 and 2. Messenger RNA for GCPII was not detected by northern blotting or RT-PCR analysis of RNA from the brains of –/– mutant mice nor was GCPII protein detected on western blots of this tissue. These GCPII null mutant mice developed normally to adulthood and exhibited a normal range of neurologic responses and behaviors including mating, open field activity and retention of position in rotorod tests. No significant differences were observed among responses of wild type, heterozygous mutant and homozygous mutant mice on tail flick and hot plate latency tests. Glutamate, NAAG and mRNA for metabotropic glutamate receptor type 3 levels were not significantly altered in response to the deletion of glutamate carboxypeptidase II. A novel membrane-bound NAAG peptidase activity was discovered in brain, spinal cord and kidney of the GCPII knock out mice. The kinetic values for brain NAAG peptidase activity in the wild type and GCPII nullmutant were Vmax = 45 and 3 pmol/mg/min and Km = 2650 nm and 2494 nm, respectively. With the exception of magnesium and copper, this novel peptidase activity had a similar requirement for metal ions as GCPII. Two potent inhibitors of GCPII, 4,4′-phosphinicobis-(butane-1,3 dicarboxilic acid) (FN6) and 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid (2-PMPA) inhibited the residual activity. The IC50 value for 2-PMPA was about 1 nm for wild-type brain membrane NAAG peptidase activity consistent with its activity against cloned ratand human GCPII, and 88 nm for the activity in brain membranes of the null mutants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5576-5578 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The colossal magnetoresistance of La1−xCaxMnO3 has been reported in many experiments. We present our study of the anomalous Hall effect in epitaxial La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 thin films. We have measured the temperature dependence of resistivity, magnetization, and anomalous Hall effect coefficients between 300 and 5 K for our samples grown on different substrates. From these studies, the relation between the resistivity and anomalous Hall effect coefficient as well as the temperature dependence of the anomalous Hall effect coefficient are explored. Our results show that the direction of the anomalous Hall effect is reversed below approximately 100 K. This sign reversal is discussed in terms of band structure and the coexistence of hole-like and electron-like conduction. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 64 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The reproductive biology of blacknose sharks Carcharhinus acronotus in the western North Atlantic Ocean was studied by examining specimens collected in the coastal waters of South Carolina. Males begin the maturation process between 875 and 910 mm fork length (LF), as indicated by the presence of functional claspers and siphon sacs. The presence of vitellogenic oocytes and developing oviducal glands and uteri indicated that females begin to mature at c. 870 mm LF. Length at which 50% of the population reached maturity was 896 and 964 mm LF, equivalent to 4·3 and 4·5 years, for males and females, respectively. Gonado-somatic indices suggested that spermatogenesis and vitellogenesis began after December. Mating took place during the end of May and the beginning of June. Fertilization occurred during late June and early July, suggesting that female blacknose sharks were capable of sperm storage. Based on the timing of fertilization and occurrence of females carrying near-term pups in late May and early June, the gestation period for blacknose sharks was c. 11 months. Female blacknose sharks reproduced biennially based on the absence of vitellogenic oocytes in near-term females and there being no indication of vitellogenesis in postpartum females. Male blacknose sharks were capable of reproducing annually as indicated by turgid genital ducts, which were observed in all mature males collected during late May and early June.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Journal of applied ichthyology 19 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The ability to accurately estimate the age of fishes is critical for conducting stock assessments and developing fishery management policies. Scales were collected from albacore, Thunnus alalunga, caught in the Mediterranean Sea during the years 1989–1995 to estimate their age and growth. Ages, which ranged from 1+ to 6+ years, were estimated from the interpretation of the concentric rings on the scales of 473 individuals that ranged in fork length from 55.5 to 89 cm. Males reached a greater size and age than females. The relatively close agreement in the mean lengths at ages estimated by scales and other techniques constituted a preliminary verification of the method. The von Bertalanffy growth model was fitted to mean lengths at estimated ages, resulting in the following growth parameters for the combined sexes: L∞ = 86 cm, K = 0.4, to = −0.8 years. Parameter estimates were in agreement with what is known about life history of the species in the Mediterranean. Moreover, the growth rates were consistent with length increment observations from five tag returns, which lend support to our working hypothesis that the scale-rings are annual structures. When the Mediterranean albacore growth parameters were compared with those of Atlantic Ocean albacore using scale age estimates, there were significant differences between the two populations, and Mediterranean albacore remain significantly smaller than Atlantic Ocean albacore.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 23 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: It has been shown that dual chamber pacing with preservation of AV synchrony (ODD) is superior to fixed rate ventricular (VVI) or rate responsive ventricular (VVIR) pacing modes, as evaluated by ventilatory response to exercise. Previous studies have focused on the benefits of maintained AV synchrony at maximal exercise. However, there are limited data comparing O2 kinetics in different pacing modes during low intensity exercise, representing the majority of daily activities. This study aimed to provide an evaluation of different pacing modes using O2 kinetics during low intensity exercise. Nineteen patients (age 61 ± 18 years) with complete AV block underwent low intensity treadmill exercise (35 W) with simultaneous evaluation of symptoms and O2 kinetics in three pacing modes. The first test was performed in DDD mode followed by a second test in VVIR mode with a programmed heart rate corresponding to the sinus rate during the first test. After 6 minutes of each test, the mode was switched from DDD to VVIR and vice versa. The third test was performed in VVI mode at 70 beats/min. O2 kinetics were defined as O2 deficit (time [rest to steady state] ×Δ VO2—ΔVO2 [rest to steady state]) and mean response time (MRT) of oxygen consumption (O2 deficit/ΔVO2). The O2 deficit was 551 ± 134 ml in DDD pacing, 634 ± 139 mL in VVIR pacing, and 648 ± 179 mL in VVI pacing (P = 0.001). MRT was 49 ± 7.8 seconds in DDD pacing, 54.7 ± 9.5 seconds in VVIR pacing, and 57.4 ± 11.0 seconds in VVI pacing (P = 0.002). Ten (53%) patients developed symptoms during switch from DDD to VVIR mode whereas the switch from VVIR to DDD mode was not perceived by any patient (P 〈 0.001). In conclusion, our study shows an impact of AV synchronous pacing and heart rate adaptation on O2 kinetics during low intensity exercise that correspond to casual daily life activities. Our observations may have clinical implications for the management of patients with complete AV block.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. 1938-1944 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Cry1Ac from Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki HD-73 is a pore-forming protein specifically toxic to lepidopteran insect larvae. It binds to the cell-surface receptor aminopeptidase N in Manduca sexta midgut via the sugar N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc). By using 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP) as the buffer throughout protoxin activation and chromatography on Q-Sepharose at pH 10.3, trypsin-activated Cry1Ac has been purified in a monomeric state, which was crucial to obtaining single crystals of Cry1Ac and of the Cry1Ac–GalNAc complex. Crystals of Cry1Ac alone are triclinic, with unit-cell parameters a = 51.78, b = 113.23, c = 123.41 Å, α = 113.11, β = 91.49, γ = 100.46°; those of the Cry1Ac–GalNAc complex show P21 symmetry, with unit-cell parameters a = 121.36, b = 51.19, c = 210.56 Å, β = 105.75°. Data sets collected to 2.36 and 2.95 Å resolution, respectively, show that both crystal forms contain four molecules of the 66 kDa toxin in the asymmetric unit and have related packing arrangements. The deaggregating effect of DAP may be explained by its capacity for bivalent hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions at protein interfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Two cases of successful molecular replacement using NMR trial models are presented. One is the crystal structure of the Escherichia coli colicin immunity protein Im7; the other is a heretofore unreported crystal structure of a specific PDGF receptor-derived peptide complex of the carboxy-terminal SH2 domain from the p85α subunit of human phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase. In both cases, molecular replacement was non-trivial. Success was achieved using trial models that consisted of an ensemble of NMR structures from which the more flexible portions had been excized. Use of maximum-likelihood refinement proved critical to be able to refine the poor starting models. The challenges typical of the use of NMR trial models in molecular replacement are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 28 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains the predominant bacterial scourge of mankind. Understanding of its biology and pathogenicity has been greatly advanced by the determination of whole genome sequences for this organism. Bacterial lipoproteins are a functionally diverse class of membrane-anchored proteins. The signal peptides of these proteins direct their export and post-translational lipid modification. These signal peptides are amenable to bioinformatic analysis, allowing the lipoproteins encoded in whole genomes to be catalogued. This review applies bioinformatic methods to the identification and functional characterisation of the lipoproteins encoded in the M. tuberculosis genomes. Ninety nine putative lipoproteins were identified and so this family of proteins represents ca. 2.5% of the M. tuberculosis predicted proteome. Thus, lipoproteins represent an important class of cell envelope proteins that may contribute to the virulence of this major pathogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Chemorepellent ; PACAP-38 ; Tetrahymena ; Chemosensory transduction ; Behavioral adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP-38) is a peptide hormone which functions in many mammalian systems, including the nervous and digestive systems. Using in vivo behavioral studies, we have found that this hormone functions as a chemorepellent in Tetrahymena thermophila with an EC50 of 10 nM. Cells previously adapted to PACAP-38 were found to be adapted to lysozyme, and vice versa. Furthermore, the in vivo behavioral activity of PACAP-38 was blocked by addition of the anti-lysozyme receptor antibody, 5545. Chemorepellent activity of PACAP-38 was also inhibited by the addition of neomycin sulfate (inhibition constant K i=0.080 μmol · l−1), a competitive inhibitor of lysozyme binding to its receptor. PACAP-38 is a more potent and specific agonist for the lysozyme receptor than either intact lysozyme or CB2, a 24-amino acid fragment of lysozyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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