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  • 2000-2004  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is the prophylactic administration of magnesium sulphate in women with pre-eclampsia indicated prior to labour? (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 107 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To determine whether prophylactic magnesium sulphate is necessary to prevent eclampsia and associated complications among women with pre-eclampsia prior to labour.Design Case series.Setting Tertiary referral centre.Population Three hundred and eighteen women with pre-eclampsia (blood pressure 〉 140/90 mmHg and 〉 2+ proteinuria) who were not in labour or for planned induction thereof and had not received magnesium sulphate during transfer.Methods Clinical evaluation of the pregnant women with careful blood pressure control. Magnesium sulphate was withheld even in the presence of imminent eclampsia. During labour, the option of magnesium sulphate prophylaxis was left to the clinician, but magnesium sulphate was administered in cases of eclampsia.Main outcome measures Eclampsia and related complications.Results Five women (1.5%) developed eclampsia, although none developed related complications. Women presented at an early gestational age (mean 30 weeks), with high blood pressure, often suffering from headaches. Twenty pregnancies were terminated prior to viability, of which half were terminated for maternal reasons. Ten intrauterine deaths occurred. Most often fetal distress (38.6%) initiated the delivery process, which was mainly by caesarean section (68.5%). With the exception of epigastric discomfort, symptoms and signs of imminent eclampsia decreased after admission. Blood pressure values were significantly lower at delivery although biochemistry results deteriorated from admission to delivery.Conclusion In women with pre-eclampsia prior to labour, where blood pressure control was carefully applied but magnesium sulphate not given, the eclampsia rate was low and eclampsia did not appear to worsen the existing prognosis for mother or fetus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11090.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nifedipine or prazosin as a second agent to control early severe hypertension in pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 107 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To determine whether nifedipine or prazosin is the more appropriate second-line antihypertensive agent in pregnancy.Design Randomised controlled trial.Setting Tygerberg Hospital, a tertiary referral centre.Population Women with early, severe pre-eclampsia or hypertension in pregnancy, whose blood pressure could not be adequately controlled by methyldopa 2 g/day, but were otherwise stable.Methods Nifedipine or prazosin were given and increased as necessary in a stepwise fashion. Once the maximum dose was reached, the other drug was added in a crossover pattern. Failure to control blood pressure, or the onset of maternal/fetal complications were indications for delivery. Patients reaching a minimum gestation of 34 weeks without complications were delivered electively.Main outcome measures Antenatal days gained; major maternal complications and perinatal survival.Results Days gained on the second antihypertensive agent did not differ significantly (P= 0.9), while more days were gained using nifedipine as the crossover ‘third agent’ (P= 0.01). In the nifedipine group better renal function was recorded, but more cases with isolated low platelet counts occurred. More cases of pulmonary oedema as well as more nonviable mid-trimester and third trimester intrauterine deaths occurred in the prazosin group.Conclusion Nifedipine and prazosin as second agents allowed comparable amounts of time to be gained, although this changed when used as crossover third-line agents. The efficacy and safety of nifedipine in this study are consistent with the results of other studies. A greater number of intrauterine deaths occurred in the prazosin group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13337.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced peak power and short pulse operation of planar waveguide CO2 lasers (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 2276-2278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a large peak power enhancement and reduction in pulse width for planar waveguide carbon dioxide lasers. Gain modulation through rf discharge power switching produces trains of laser pulses with peak power levels at up to 38 times the cw power level, with a pulse duration as low as 10 μs. Operation at repetition rates in the kHz region preserves the average power (100 W) of the normal cw/long pulse mode of operation. The laser is shown to operate close to the predicted boundaries dictated by thermal loading of the discharge. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1359148
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expectant management of early onset, severe pre-eclampsia: maternal outcome (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 107 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To evaluate the safety and outcome of women undergoing expectant management of early onset, severe pre-eclampsia.Design Prospective case series extending over a five-year period.Setting Tygerberg Hospital, a tertiary referral centre.Population All women (n= 340) presenting with early onset, severe pre-eclampsia, where both the mother and the fetus were otherwise stable.Methods Frequent clinical and biochemical monitoring of maternal status, together with careful blood pressure control, in a high care obstetric ward.Main outcome measures Major maternal complications and prolongation of gestation.Results Multigravid women constituted 67% of the group. Antenatal biochemistry was reassuring with some expected, but not severe, deteriorations. Twenty-seven percent of women experienced a major complication, but few had poor outcomes. No maternal deaths occurred. Most major complications resolved quickly, necessitating only three admissions (0.8%) to the intensive care unit. One woman required dialysis. Pregnancies were prolonged by a mean (median) number of 11 days (9) before delivery, with more time being gained at earlier gestations. The postpartum inpatient stay (89%≤ 7 days, bearing in mind that 82% of women were delivered by caesarean section) was not extended.Conclusion Careful noninvasive management of early onset, severe pre-eclampsia in a tertiary centre can diminish and limit the impact of serious maternal complications. Valuable time to prolong the pregnancy and improve neonatal outcome is thereby gained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11616.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expectant management of early onset, severe pre-eclampsia: perinatal outcome (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 107 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To evaluate the perinatal outcome of expectant management of early onset, severe pre-eclampsia.Design Prospective case series extending over a five-year period.Setting Tertiary referral centre.Population All women (n= 340) presenting with early onset, severe pre-eclampsia, where both mother and the fetus were otherwise stable.Methods Frequent clinical and biochemical monitoring of maternal status with careful blood pressure control. Fetal surveillance included six-hourly heart rate monitoring, weekly Doppler and ultrasound evaluation of the fetus every two weeks. All examinations were carried out in a high care obstetric ward.Main outcome measures Prolongation of gestation, perinatal mortality rate, neonatal survival and major complications.Results A mean of 11 days were gained by expectant management. The perinatal mortality rate was 24/1000 (≥ 1000 g/7 days) with a neonatal survival rate of 94%. Multivariate analysis showed only gestational age at delivery to be significantly associated with neonatal outcome. Chief contributors to neonatal mortality and morbidity were pulmonary complications and sepsis. Three pregnancies (0.8%) were terminated prior to viability and only two (0.5%) intrauterine deaths occurred, both due to placental abruption. Most women (81.5%) were delivered by caesarean section with fetal distress the most common reason for delivery. Neonatal intensive care was necessary in 40.7% of cases, with these babies staying a median of six days in intensive care.Conclusion Expectant management of early onset, severe pre-eclampsia and careful neonatal care led to high perinatal and neonatal survival rates. It also allowed the judicious use of neonatal intensive care facilities. Neonatal sepsis remains a cause for concern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11617.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of dynamic nuclear polarization in high magnetic fields (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 4922-4933 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solid-state NMR signal enhancements of about two orders of magnitude (100–400) have been observed in dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments performed at high magnetic field (5 T) and low temperature (10 K) using the nitroxide radical 4-amino TEMPO as the source of electron polarization. Since the breadth of the 4-amino TEMPO EPR spectrum is large compared to the nuclear Larmor frequency, it has been assumed that thermal mixing (TM) is the dominate mechanism by which polarization is transferred from electron to nuclear spins. However, theoretical explanations of TM generally assume a homogeneously broadened EPR line and, since the 4-amino TEMPO line at 5 T is inhomogeneously broadened, they do not explain the observed DNP enhancements. Accordingly, we have developed a treatment of DNP that explicitly uses electron–electron cross-relaxation to mediate electron–nuclear polarization transfer. The process proceeds via spin flip–flops between pairs of electronic spin packets whose Zeeman temperatures differ from one another. To confirm the essential features of the model we have studied the field dependence of electron–electron double resonance (ELDOR) data and DNP enhancement data. Both are well simulated using a simple model of electron cross-relaxation in the inhomogeneously broadened 4-amino TEMPO EPR line. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1346640
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combustion Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Tin and Tin Oxide (SnOx, x= 0–2) Particles (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Nanocrystalline SnOx particles (x= 0–2) were synthesized using tetramethyltin (Sn(CH3)4) vapor as the particle precursor reactant in hydrogen/oxygen/argon (H2/O2/Ar) flames. The particle composition and morphology were characterized using X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen (N2) surface adsorption. By controlling the concentration of oxygen in the reactant gases and the flame temperatures, metallic tin (Sn), tin monoxide (romarchite SnO), and/or tin dioxide (cassiterite SnO2) were generated. The crystalline powders consisted of both discrete primary particles and agglomerates, with average primary particle sizes of 23–24 nm for SnO2 and 69 nm for Sn (based on specific surface area measurements of bulk powders collected in the exhaust region of the flame). The compositional results were interpreted using equilibrium and detailed chemical kinetics models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb06356.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-spin domains (communication arising) Magnetic enhancement of superconductivity (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 427 (2004), S. 802-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Radovan et al. reply Movshovich et al. suggest that our calorimetric observation of the FFLO superconducting phase boundary and its angular dependence are inconsistent with their own data reporting the possible presence of an FFLO phase, and that we have incorrectly used ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/427802b
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic enhancement of superconductivity from electron spin domains (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 425 (2003), S. 51-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Since the discovery of superconductivity, there has been a drive to understand the mechanisms by which it occurs. The BCS (Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer) model successfully treats the electrons in conventional superconductors as pairs coupled by phonons (vibrational modes of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01842
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The recent expansion of Pluto's atmosphere (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 424 (2003), S. 165-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Stellar occultations—the passing of a relatively nearby body in front of a background star—can be used to probe the atmosphere of the closer body with a spatial resolution of a few kilometres (ref. 1). Such observations can yield the scale height, temperature profile, and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01762
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