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  • 2000-2004  (36)
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Material
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulmonary Vein Ablation: (2004)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 15 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2004.03617.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Isoproterenol and Amiodarone on the Double Potential Interval After Ablation of the Cavotricuspid Isthmus (2003)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 14 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Introduction: A corridor of double potentials along the ablation line has been recognized to be an indicator of complete cavotricuspid isthmus block. Isoproterenol is used to confirm cavotricuspid isthmus block, but the effects of isoproterenol on the double potential interval (DPI), either in the absence or presence of amiodarone, are unknown. Methods and Results: Thirty-two patients with isthmus-dependent atrial flutter underwent successful ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus. The procedure was performed in the drug-free state in 23 patients, and 2 to 7 days after discontinuation of chronic amiodarone therapy in 9 patients. Electrograms recorded along the ablation line before and during isoproterenol infusion were analyzed after isthmus block was achieved. Double potentials were recorded along the entire ablation line upon achievement of complete isthmus block in all patients. The DPI in 9 patients treated with amiodarone was longer than in the other patients (147 ± 32 msec vs 119 ± 19 msec, P 〈 0.001). The DPI increased as the pacing cycle length shortened in patients treated with amiodarone, but not in the other patients. At all pacing cycle lengths, isoproterenol shortened the DPI to a greater extent in the patients treated with amiodarone than in the other patients. Conclusion: Amiodarone results in rate-dependent prolongation of the DPI during coronary sinus pacing after ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus. Isoproterenol shortens the DPI despite the presence of complete isthmus block, and this effect is accentuated in the presence of amiodarone. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 935-939, September 2003)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2003.02272.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Atrial Fibrillation Duration on Probability of Immediate Recurrence after Transthoracic Cardioversion (2003)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 14 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Immediate Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation. Introduction: An immediate recurrence of atrial fibrillation (IRAF) appears to be more common after early restoration of sinus rhythm with an implantable atrial defibrillator than after elective transthoracic cardioversion, which suggests that the probability of IRAF may be related to the duration of AF. Methods and Results: Transthoracic cardioversion was performed 85 ± 187 days (range 7 minutes to 8 years) after the onset of atrial fibrillation in 315 patients (mean age 61 ± 13 years). IRAF was defined as a recurrence of AF within 60 seconds after restoration of sinus rhythm. IRAF occurred in 56% of patients when cardioversion was performed within 1 hour of the onset of AF compared with 12% of patients when cardioversion was performed after 24 hours of AF (P 〈 0.001). The duration of AF was the only independent predictor of IRAF among the clinical variables of age, gender, structural heart disease, antiarrhythmic drug therapy, and cardioversion energy (P 〈 0.01). Conclusion: IRAF is more likely to occur when the duration of AF is 〈1 hour than when the duration is 〉24 hours. This observation has clinical implications for the most appropriate timing of cardioversion, particularly in patients who receive device therapy for AF. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 182-185, February 2003)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2003.02415.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomy of the Pulmonary Veins in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Effects of Segmental Ostial Ablation Analyzed by Computed Tomography (2003)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 14 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pulmonary Vein Anatomy. Introduction: The anatomic arrangement of pulmonary veins (PVs) is variable. No prior studies have quantitatively analyzed the effects of segmental ostial ablation on the PVs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of segmental ostial radiofrequency ablation on PV anatomy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and Results: Three-dimensional models of the PVs were constructed from computed tomographic (CT) scans in 58 patients with AF undergoing segmental ostial ablation to isolate the PVs and in 10 control subjects without a history of AF. CT scans were repeated approximately 4 months later. PV and left atrial dimensions were measured with digital calipers. Four separate PV ostia were present in 47 subjects; 3 ostia were present in 2 subjects; and 5 ostia were present in 9 subjects. The superior PVs had a larger ostium than the inferior PVs. Patients with AF had a larger left atrial area between the PV ostia and larger ostial diameters than the controls. Segmental ostial ablation resulted in a 1.5 ± 3.2 mm narrowing of the ostial diameter. A 28% to 61% focal stenosis was present 7.6 ± 2.2 mm from the ostium in 3% of 128 isolated PVs. There were no instances of symptomatic PV stenosis during a mean follow-up of 245 ± 105 days. Conclusion: CT of the PVs allows identification of anatomic variants prior to catheter ablation procedures. Segmental ostial ablation results in a significant but small reduction in ostial diameter. Focal stenosis occurs infrequently and is attributable to delivery of radiofrequency energy within the PV. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 150-155, February 2003)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2003.02444.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanistic Significance of Intermittent Pulmonary Vein Tachycardia in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 13 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pulmonary Vein Tachycardia. Introduction: The significance of intermittent tachycardia within a pulmonary vein (PV) during an episode of atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the role that intermittent PV tachycardias play in AF. Methods and Results: In 56 patients with AF, segmental ostial ablation guided by PV potentials was performed to isolate the PVs. The characteristics of intermittent PV tachycardias and the inducibility of AF before and after PV isolation were analyzed prospectively. During AF, a PV tachycardia (mean cycle length 130 ± 30 msec) with exit block to the left atrium was present in 93% of left superior, 80% of left inferior, 73% of right superior, and 7% of right inferior PVs. The site of shortest cycle length during AF alternated between the PVs and left atrium 1 to 13 times per minute. Complete isolation was achieved in 168 (94%) of 178 targeted PVs. In 99% of PVs, tachycardia resolved upon isolation. AF was persistent before and after PV isolation in 100% and 27% of patients, respectively (P 〈 0.001). Conclusion: Intermittent bursts of tachycardia are observed within multiple PVs during persistent AF in a majority of patients. After PV isolation, PV tachycardias almost always resolve, and AF is less likely to be inducible or persistent. These observations suggest a dynamic interplay between the atria and PVs, with intermittent bursts of PV tachycardia being dependent on left atrial input and with the probability of persistent AF diminishing when PV tachycardias are eliminated by PV isolation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2002.00645.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of the Coronary Sinus in Maintenance of Atrial Fibrillation (2003)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 14 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Introduction: Bursts of tachycardia arising in the pulmonary veins may play an important role in perpetuating atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the role of the coronary sinus (CS) in the perpetuation of AF has been unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether the CS plays a role in perpetuation of AF. Methods and Results: Pulmonary vein isolation was performed by segmental ostial ablation with radiofrequency energy in 22 consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF. Bipolar and unipolar electrograms recorded in the left atrium and CS were analyzed during atrial pacing from the mitral annulus and during AF. There was a mean of 2.5 ± 0.5 electrical connections between the CS and the left atrium. The electrical connections between the left atrium and CS were ablated with a mean of 6.2 ± 2.7 minutes of radiofrequency energy applied along the atrial side of the inferior mitral annulus. During AF, episodes of intermittent tachycardia alternated between the left atrium and the CS. Among the 22 patients, sustained AF was still inducible in 9 after pulmonary vein isolation. After electrical disconnection of the CS from the left atrium, sustained AF was inducible in only 3 of these 9 patients. Conclusion: The CS may be a source of rapid repetitive electrical activity during AF. The lower probability of inducible sustained AF after electrical disconnection of the CS from the left atrium suggests that the CS may play a role in perpetuating AF. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 1329-1336, December 2003)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2003.03222.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiation of Atrial and Pulmonary Vein Potentials Recorded Circumferentially Within Pulmonary Veins (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 13 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pulmonary Vein Electrograms. Introduction: Accurate discrimination of atrial and pulmonary vein potentials recorded circumferentially within the pulmonary veins is important when performing segmental isolation of the pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods and Results: Twenty patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation underwent pulmonary vein mapping with a decapolar Lasso catheter during sinus rhythm and during pacing in the distal coronary sinus and left atrial appendage. Bipolar and unipolar electrograms were recorded within the left superior, right superior, and left inferior pulmonary veins. The atrial potentials were larger in the left pulmonary veins than in the right superior pulmonary vein, whereas the pulmonary vein potentials in the superior pulmonary veins were larger than in the left inferior pulmonary vein. The atrial and pulmonary vein potentials usually were readily distinguished during sinus rhythm in the right superior pulmonary vein. Characteristic distribution and morphologies of the atrial potentials as well as the response to distal coronary sinus and left atrial appendage pacing were useful for differentiating the atrial and pulmonary vein potentials in the left pulmonary veins. Conclusion: Atrial and pulmonary vein potentials recorded circumferentially within the pulmonary veins have characteristic features that are useful in distinguishing them from each other.In the left pulmonary veins, discrimination of the atrial and pulmonary vein potentials is aided by coronary sinus or left atrial appendage pacing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2002.00118.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of Transisthmus Conduction Intervals in Predicting Bidirectional Block after Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 12 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Isthmus Block During Atrial Flutter Ablation. Introduction: Complete bidirectional cavotricuspid isthmus block is the endpoint for ablation of typical atrial flutter. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the extent of prolongation of the transisthmus interval after ablation predicts complete bidirectional block. Methods and Results: Fifty-seven consecutive patients underwent 60 ablation procedures for isthmus-dependent atrial flutter. The clockwise and counterclockwise transisthmus intervals were determined before and after ablation during pacing from the low lateral right atrium and the coronary sinus. Bidirectional block was achieved with ablation in 55 (96%) of 57 patients. The transisthmus intervals before ablation and after complete transisthmus block were 100.3 ± 21.1 msec and 195.8 ± 30.1 msec, respectively, in the clockwise direction (P 〈 0.0001), and 98.2 ± 24.7 msec and 185.7 ± 33.9 msec, respectively, in the counterclockwise direction (P 〈 0.0001). An increase in the transisthmus interval by ≥ 50% in both directions after ablation predicted complete bidirectional block with 100% sensitivity and 80% specificity. The positive and negative predictive values were 89% and 100%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of ≥ 50% prolongation in the a transisthmus interval was 92%. Conclusion: Prolongation of the transisthmus interval by ≥ 50% in the clockwise and counte clockwise directions is associated with a high degree of diagnostic accuracy and an excellent negative predictive value in determining complete bidirectional transisthmus block. This may be a useful and simple adjunctive criterion for assessment of complete transisthmus conduction block.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2001.00169.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Gender on Atrial Electrophysiologic Changes Induced by Rapid Atrial Pacing and Elevation of Atrial Pressure (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 12 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Atrial Electrical Remodeling. Introduction: The incidence of atrial fibrillation is greater in men than in women, but the reasons for this gender difference are unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of gender on the atrial electrophysiologic effects of rapid atrial pacing and an increase in atrial pressure. Methods and Results: Right atrial pressure and effective refractory period (ERP) were measured during sinus rhythm and during atrial and simultaneous AV pacing at a cycle length of 300 msec in 10 premenopausal women, 11 postmenopausal women, and 24 men. The postmenopausal women were significantly older than the premenopausal women (61 ± 8 years vs 34 ± 10 years; P 〈 0.01). During sinus rhythm, mean atrial ERP in premenopausal women was shorter (211 ± 19 msec) than in postmenopausal women and age-matched men (242 ± 18 msec and 246 ± 34 msec, respectively; P 〈 0.05). Atrial ERPs in all patients shortened significantly during atrial and simultaneous AV pacing. However, the degree of shortening during atrial pacing (43 ± 8 msec vs 70 ± 20 msec and 74 ± 21 msec; P 〈 0.05) and during simultaneous AV pacing (48 ± 16 msec vs 91 ± 27 msec and 84 ± 26 msec; P 〈 0.05) was significantly less in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women or age-matched men. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate a significant gender difference in atrial electrophysiologic changes in response to rapid atrial pacing and an increase in atrial pressure. The effect of menopause on the observed changes suggests that the gender differences may be mediated by the effects of estrogen on atrial electrophysiologic properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2001.00986.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrogram Polarity and Cavotricuspid Isthmus Block During Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 12 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electrogram Polarity in Atrial Flutter Ablation. Introduction: The atrial activation sequence around the tricuspid annulus has been used to assess whether complete block has been achieved across the cavotricuspid isthmus during radiofrequency ablation of typical atrial flutter. However, sometimes the atrial activation sequence does not clearly establish the presence or absence of complete block. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a change in the polarity of atrial electrograms recorded near the ablation line is an accurate indicator of complete isthmus block. Methods and Results: Radiofrequency ablation was performed in 34 men and 10 women (age 60 ± 13 years [mean ± SD]) with isthmus-dependent, counterclockwise atrial flutter. Electrograms were recorded around the tricuspid annulus using a duodecapolar halo catheter. Electrograms recorded from two distal electrode pairs (E1 and E2) positioned just anterior to the ablation line were analyzed during atrial flutter and during coronary sinus pacing, before and after ablation. Complete isthmus block was verified by the presence of widely split double electrograms along the entire ablation line. Complete bidirectional isthmus block was achieved in 39 (89%) of 44 patients. Before ablation, the initial polarity of E1 and E2 was predominantly negative during atrial flutter and predominantly positive during coronary sinus pacing. During incomplete isthmus block, the electrogram polarity became reversed either only at E2, or at neither E1 nor E2. In every patient, the polarity of E1 and E2 became negative during coronary sinus pacing only after complete isthmus block was achieved. In 4 patients (10%), the atrial activation sequence recorded with the halo catheter was consistent with complete isthmus block, but the presence of incomplete block was accurately detected by inspection of the polarity of E1 and E2. Conclusion: Reversal of polarity in bipolar electrograms recorded just anterior to the line of isthmus block during coronary sinus pacing after ablation of atrial flutter is a simple, quick, and accurate indicator of complete isthmus block.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2001.00393.x
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