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  • 2000-2004  (5)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 46-48 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The orientation between cubic boron nitride (cBN) crystallites and the tBN layers on which they grow was studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. BN films were prepared by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering under conditions leading to the formation of ∼100% cBN films grown on a preceding tBN layer. Two types of orientations were observed: (i) cBN layers grown on the edges of the tBN(0002) planes so that the cBN{111} planes are parallel to the tBN(0002) planes (as reported previously by many authors), (ii) cBN layers grown on curved tBN(0002) planes with no orientation to the tBN planes. The first type of cBN growth is associated with stress leading to delamination of cBN films thicker than 100 nm. The second type is associated with reduced stress enabling the growth of much thicker (∼500 nm) films at a relatively low (450 °C) substrate deposition temperature. These results may be helpful in the fabrication of thick cBN films and improving our understanding of the cBN nucleation process. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 892-894 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The epitaxial stabilization and transformation of cubic AlN layers in AlN/VN and AlN/TiN superlattices, grown by reactive sputtering on MgO (001), is described. In AlN/VN, the critical AlN thickness lC for transformation from cubic to hexagonal increased from (approximate)3.0 to 〉4 nm when the VN superlattice layer thickness was increased from 2.0 to 6.0 nm. The effect of lattice mismatch was observed by comparing AlN/VN (mismatch=1.46%) and AlN/TiN (mismatch=3.84%). The lC values were smaller, 2–2.5 nm, for the larger mismatch AlN/TiN system. The dependence of lC on the lattice mismatch and stabilizing layer thickness is discussed based on models of epitaxial stabilization. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lincoln, Neb. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of agricultural & food industrial organization 2.2004, 2, art9 
    ISSN: 1542-0485
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Notes: There has been growing public opposition against genetically modified (GM) foods. Using a dichotomous choice contingent valuation methodology, we analyze the factors that affect the willingness to pay for GM-corn-fed beef by consumers in Spokane, Washington. The mean discount required to choose the GM-fed beef is small at 8% compared to other studies in Europe and Japan. Further, half the sample was provided information about biotechnology, and the effect of this information is analyzed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In Escherichia coli, glnA (encoding glutamine synthetase) is transcribed from two promoters (glnAp1 and glnAp2). The glnAp1 is a σ70-dependent promoter that is activated by the cAMP receptor protein (CRP). Under nitrogen-deficient growth conditions, glnAp1 is repressed by NtrC-phosphate. The downstream glnAp2 promoter is σ54-dependent and is activated by NtrC-phosphate. Here, we show that glnAp2 expression is affected by different carbon sources and that the CRP–cAMP complex inhibits the glnAp2 promoter activity. Primer extension and KMnO4 footprinting analysis indicate that the inhibitory effect is at the transcriptional level in vivo. When glnAp2 is activated by NifA, a similar inhibitory effect by CRP–cAMP is observed. Site-directed mutagenesis and deletion analysis indicate that the characterized and putative CRP-binding sites located in the upstream region of the glnAp2 promoter are not essential for the inhibitory effect. CRP–cAMP inhibits σ54-dependent glnAp2 strongly, by 21-fold. By activating glnAp1 and downregulating glnAp2, the overall effect of CRP–cAMP on glnA expression is an approximately fourfold reduction, which correlates with the reduction of γ-glutamyl transferase activities in the cells. We propose therefore that a physiological role of CRP–cAMP activation of glnAp1 is to partially compensate for CRP–cAMP downregulation of glnAp2, allowing a low but non-negligible level of expression of the important genes transcribed from it. A novel regulatory linkage between carbon and nitrogen regulons is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 183-187 (Apr. 2000), p. 1303-1308 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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