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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of CD4+ T-cell subsets in determining transplantation rejection or tolerance (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Immunological reviews 182 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: Peripheral tolerance to allogeneic organ grafts can be induced in rodents by treating with non-depleting CD4 and CD8 monoclonal antibodies. This tolerance is maintained by CD4+ T cells with a potent capacity to induce tolerance in further cohorts of T cells (i.e. infectious tolerance). We have cloned CD4+ T-cell subsets against the male transplantation antigen in vitro and find, in contrast to Th1 or Th2 clones that elicit rejection, that there is a distinct population of CD4+ T cells that suppress rejection by adoptive transfer (here called Treg). In order to identify molecular markers associated with tolerance and gain insights into the mechanisms of action of Treg cells, we carried out serial analysis of gene expression. We identified genes overexpressed in Treg compared to Th1 and Th2 cultures and found that some of these correlated in vivo with CD4-induced transplantation tolerance rather than rejection. The genes overexpressed in Treg cultures and within tolerated skin grafts were primarily expressed by mast cells (e.g. tryptophan hydroxylase and FcεR1α), suggesting that regulatory cell activity and this form of tolerance may be associated with a localised but non-destructive form of Th2-like activation and a recruitment of mast cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-065X.2001.1820113.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ISOLIQUIRITIGENIN INHIBITS THE PROLIFERATION AND INDUCES THE APOPTOSIS OF HUMAN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER A549 CELLS (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a natural pigment with the simple chalcone structure 4,2′,4′-trihydroxychalcone. In the present study, we report, for the first time, ISL-induced inhibition of the proliferation of the human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell line.2. The results showed that ISL not only inhibited A549 cell proliferation, but also induced apoptosis and blocked cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. An ELISA assay demonstrated that ISL significantly increased the expression of p53 and p21/WAF1 protein, which caused cell cycle arrest.3. An enhancement in Fas and its two ligands, namely membrane-bound Fas ligand (mFasL) and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL), may be responsible for the apoptotic effect induced by ISL.4. Taken together, the results indicate that the p53 and Fas/FasL apoptotic system may participate in the antiproliferative activity of ISL in A549 cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04016.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTS OF VITAMIN E ON THE CINNAMALDEHYDE-INDUCED APOPTOTIC MECHANISM IN HUMAN PLC/PRF/5 CELLS (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Cinnamaldehyde has been shown to be effective in inducing cell apoptosis in a number of human cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E on the apoptotic signalling mechanism induced by cinnamaldehyde in human hepatoma PLC/PRF/5 cells.2. Using the XTT assay, cinnamaldehyde exhibited a powerful antiproliferative effect on PLC/PRF/5 cells. Apoptosis was elicited when cells were treated with 1 µmol/L cinnamaldehyde, as characterized by the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.3. The apoptotic effect induced by cinnamaldehyde could be further supported by the release of cytochrome c, Smac/Diablo and Omi/HtrA2 from mitochondria to the cytosol and activation of caspase 3. Cinnamaldehyde also upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic protein (Bax) and down-regulated the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-2 and the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein (cIAP)-1 and cIAP-2).4. Cinnamaldehyde induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. Following the pre-incubation of PLC/PRF/5 cells with anti-oxidants, it was found that 100 µmol/L vitamin E significantly diminished the effect of cinnamaldehyde-induced apoptosis, whereas a lesser effect was seen with on 100 µmol/L N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Vitamin E effectively blocked the release of cytochrome c, Smac/Diablo and Omi/HtrA2 from mitochondria to the cytosol in cells treated with cinnamaldehyde. Vitamin E also markedly suppressed caspase 3 activation. The expression of apoptotic inhibitors (XIAP, cIAP-1, cIAP-2) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic (Bax) proteins was affected by vitamin E pretreatment.5. Taken together, the results suggest that cinnamaldehyde triggers apoptosis possibly through the mitochondrial pathway. Pretreatment with vitamin E markedly prevented cinnamaldehyde-mediated apoptosis, which was associated with the modulation of XIAP, cIAP-1, cIAP-2, Bcl-2 and Bax protein activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04091.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytotoxic effects of Coptis chinensis and Epimedium sagittatum extracts and their major constituents (berberine, coptisine and icariin) on hepatoma and leukaemia cell growth (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The present study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Coptis chinensis and Epimedium sagittatum extracts and their major constituents on hepatoma and leukaemia cells in vitro.2. Four human liver cancer cell lines, namely HepG2, Hep3B, SK-Hep1 and PLC/PRF/5, and four leukaemia cell lines, namely K562, U937, P3H1 and Raji, were used in the present study.3. Of the two crude drugs, C. chinensis exhibited the strongest activity against SK-Hep1 (IC50 = 7 µg/mL) and Raji (IC50 = 4 µg/mL) cell lines. The IC50 values for C. chinensis on HepG2, Hep3B and PLC/PRF/5 cell lines were 20, 55 and 35 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values for C. chinensis on K562, U937 and P3H1 cell lines were 29, 29 and 31 µg/mL, respectively.4. With the exception of HepG2 and Hep3B, the E. sagittatum extract inhibited the proliferation of all cell lines (SK-Hep1, PLC/PRF/5, K562, U937, P3H1 and Raji), with IC50 values of 15, 57, 74, 221, 40 and 80 µg/mL, respectively.5. Interestingly, the two major compounds of C. chinensis, berberine and coptisine, showed a strong inhibition on the proliferation of both hepatoma and leukaemia cell lines, with IC50 values varying from 1.4 to 15.2 µg/mL and from 0.6 to 14.1 µg/mL, respectively. However, icariin (the major compound of E. sagittatum) showed no inhibition of either the hepatoma or leukaemia cell lines.6. The results of the present study suggest that the C. chinensis extract and its major constituents berberine and coptisine possess active antihepatoma and antileukaemia activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.03951.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upregulation of Fas/Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis by gossypol in an immortalized human alveolar lung cancer cell line (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Gossypol has wide antineoplastic effects in vitro, but its effects on human lung cancer have not been explored.2. To evaluate the activity of gossypol against alveolar cell lung cancer and to provide information on the mechanism of action, we examined the effects of gossypol on the proliferation of A549 cells indirectly using an XTT assay and on the distribution of cells within the phases of the cell cycle using flow cytometry. We also examined several factors that may affect apoptosis, including p53, p21/WAF1, Fas receptor, Fas ligand (FasL) and caspase 8 activity.3. The results showed that gossypol inhibited proliferation of A549 cells at a concentration of 0.5 µmol/L after 12 h treatment. The effect was both dose- and time-dependent by the induction of apoptosis without the effect of p53 and p21/WAF1.4. Upregulation of Fas/FasL, in association with the activation of downstream caspase 8 activity, was observed following treatment with gossypol. The Fas/FasL pathway accounted for 75% of gossypol-mediated apoptosis.5. We suggest that the Fas/FasL apoptotic system is the major pathway for gossypol-mediated apoptosis of A549 cells.6. Gossypol had no effect on the distribution of A549 cells within the phases of the cell cycle.7. In conclusion, gossypol inhibited A549 cells mainly by induction of the Fas/FasL apoptotic pathway, but not the p53 and p21/WAF1 pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04078.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical investigation of the factors affecting interfacial stresses in an MOD restored tooth by auto-meshed finite element method (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Many researches have addressed the high correlation between the fracture of restored teeth and the prepared cavity geometry. In addition, concerns about bonding versus debonding dental materials from cavity walls and different occlusal force conditions could also alter the mechanical responses in a restored tooth. This study employed an automatic mesh procedure to investigate the mechanical interactions between different interfacial conditions and cavity parameters such as pulpal wall depth under different chewing functions. The results indicated that when occlusal force was applied directly on the tooth, it could increase unfavourable stress dramatically. When interfacial fixation was simulated as the contact condition between the tooth tissue and restorative material, it might increase the fracture potential exponentially compared with the bonded interface. For pulpal wall depth analyses, greater risks of fracture for the remaining tooth were observed in deeper cavity of mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) restorations and the existence of a pulpal wall is essential even it is only 1 mm above the gingival wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00689.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multifactorial analysis of an MOD restored human premolar using auto-mesh finite element approach (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The use of an mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) restoration in repairing a large carious lesion depends on many factors. Biomechanical performance is one of the most important. It has been recognized that resistance to restoration failure is not solely a biological concern (e.g. toxicity), but that the cavity shape, dimensions, and the state of stress must all be taken into account. In the present study, a newly developed auto-mesh program was used to generate 30 three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models simulating the biomechanics for multiple factorial design of the MOD gold restoration in a maxillary second premolar. Stress levels were related to individual design factors (e.g. pulpal wall depth [P], isthmus width [W] and interaxial thickness [T]) and to their interactions under the worst physiological scenario: a concentrated bite force acting on lingual cusp with debonded interfaces between cavity walls and restorations. The results showed that enlarging the volume of the MOD cavity significantly increased stresses in enamel but did not intentionally affect stresses in dentin. The alternation of individual design parameters significantly changed the peak stresses (P 〈 0·05). For all three parameters, except for the width, the peak stress increased as the cavity dimension increased. Stress elevation rate (termed as ‘volumetric stress rate’– stress elevation by increasing one unit volume of the restored materials) was different among three design factors. Depth was the most critical factor governing the stress elevation in enamel (1·76 MPa mm−3) while length (interaxial thickness) was the most important parameter in dentin (0·49 MPa mm−3). Width was the least compromising factor to the remaining tooth, 0·32 MPa mm−3 for enamel and −0·23 MPa mm−3 for dentin. The findings, at its core, did not fully agree with the traditional concept that the preservation of tooth substances will reduce risk of tooth fracture. This study leaves open possibility for the structural optimization of the MOD restoration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00721.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Novel Approach Solving for Linear Matrix Inequalities Using Neural Networks (2000)
    Springer
    Neural processing letters 11 (2000), S. 153-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-773X
    Keywords: linear matrix inequality ; Lyapunov equation ; recurrent neural network ; Riccati equation ; quadratic stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) play avery important role in postmodern control by providinga framework that unifies many concepts. While numerouspapers have appeared cataloging applications of LMIsto control system analysis and design, there have beenfew publications in the literature describing thenumerical solution of these problems. Specially, neural network processing has rarely been used to solve those problems.This paper attempts topropose a new approach to solving a class of LMIsusing recurrent neural networks. The nature ofparallel and distributed processing renders thesenetworks, which possess the computational advantages overthe traditional sequential algorithms in real-timeapplications. The proposed networks are proven to be largelyasymptotical and capable of solving LMIs.Some illustrative examples are provided todemonstrate the proposed results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009698529106
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