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Notes: Mass- and isomer-selected S1←S0 resonant two-photon ionization and S1→S0 fluorescence spectra were obtained for the supersonically cooled 7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(H2O)2 cluster. UV/UV-holeburning measurements show that 〉98% of the spectrum is due to a single "water-chain" cluster isomer, although two different tautomers (7-keto- and 7-hydroxyquinoline), two different rotamers (cis- and trans-hydroxy), and two torsional conformers of the chain are possible. Ab initio calculations of structures and vibrations of five different tautomers/ rotamers/ conformers of this cluster are reported. These predict that the cis-7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(H2O)2 "up/down" water-chain form is the most stable cluster. The experimentally observed S0 and S1 state vibrational frequencies agree well with those calculated for this isomer. We find no evidence for either the trans-rotamer or the keto tautomer clusters. S1←S0 excitation leads to contraction of all three hydrogen-bonds along the hydrogen-bonded water chain, inducing intermolecular stretching vibrations, but no proton transfer. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.

Notes: The supersonically cooled 7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(H2O)3 cluster was investigated by mass- and isomer-selected S1←S0 resonant two-photon ionization and S1→S0 fluorescence spectroscopy. UV(ultraviolet)/UV-holeburning measurements prove that a single cluster isomer is formed, although different tautomers (7-keto- and 7-hydroxyquinoline), rotamers (cis and trans) and isomers (cyclic and water–wire) are possible. Ab initio calculations of structures and vibrations of different tautomers and isomers of this cluster predict that the cis-enol-7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(H2O)3 "water–wire" cluster is the most stable species. The experimental S0 and S1 inter- and intramolecular vibrational frequencies are in good agreement with the calculated harmonic frequencies. S1←S0 excitation leads to contraction of all four hydrogen bonds along the hydrogen bonded water wire, inducing intense intermolecular stretching vibrations of the O–H(centered ellipsis)O and HO–H(centered ellipsis)N(quinoline) hydrogen bonds which terminate the water–wire. There are no spectroscopic signs of proton transfer. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.

Notes: The 2-pyridone dimer, (2PY)2, which is linked by two antiparallel N–H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds, is a model for hydrogen bonded nucleotide base pairs, e.g., the uracil dimer. Mass- and isomer-selected S2←S0 vibronic spectra of supersonically cooled (2PY)2 were measured by laser two-color resonant two-photon ionization and UV/UV-holeburning techniques. The latter allows the identification of the spectrum of the 2-pyridone⋅2-hydroxypyridine mixed dimer, present at (approximate)5% relative concentration. S2→S0 fluorescence emission spectra show dominantly the hydrogen bond shearing vibration ν4″ at 98.5 cm−1 and the stretching vibration ν6″ at 163.5 cm−1. The hydrogen bond stretching vibration force constant was determined to be 75.4 N/m, or 37.7 N/m per hydrogen bond, a very high value. The ν2″ (au) torsional and the ν3″ (bu) slanting vibrations were also identified. Ground state structures, rotational constants, harmonic intermolecular and intramolecular vibrational frequencies, interaction, and dissociation energies were calculated using Hartree–Fock and density functional (B3LYP) methods. The B3LYP/6-311++(2d,2p) results are in excellent agreement with all experimental observations. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.

Notes: The 2-pyridone⋅2-hydroxypyridine mixed dimer, 2PY⋅2HP, is linked by antiparallel N–H(centered ellipsis)N and O–H(centered ellipsis)O hydrogen bonds, closely analogous to tautomeric hydrogen-bonded DNA base pairs such as isoguanine⋅uracil. Mass-selected S1←S0 vibronic spectra of supersonic jet-cooled 2PY⋅2HP and three N–D or O–D deuterated isotopomers were measured by two-color resonant two-photon ionization and UV/UV-holeburning techniques. S1→S0 fluorescence spectra show intense hydrogen bond stretching vibrations ν6″=158 cm−1, observed for all four isotopomers and the weak ν5″ "shear" vibration at 116 cm−1. The "slanting" intermolecular vibration ν4″=89 cm−1 was tentatively identified via the 2ν4″ overtone. The observation of 2-pyridone intramolecular overtone and combination transitions for two out-of-plane modes indicate slight nonplanarity of the 2-pyridone moiety in the S1 state. Ab initio calculations using Hartree–Fock, configuration interaction among single excitations (CIS), and B3LYP density functional methods were employed to calculate ground- and excited-state structures, rotational constants, harmonic intermolecular and intramolecular vibrational frequencies, binding energies De, and dissociation energies D0. The B3LYP/6-311++(d,p) ν4″ and ν6″ frequencies are in very good agreement with the experimental ground-state intermolecular frequencies. Electronic excitation of the 2-pyridone moiety in 2PY⋅2HP leads to a decrease of dissociation energy by 2.36 kcal/mol and a concurrent increase of H bond lengths by (approximate)0.08 Å, in qualitative agreement with the self-consistent field (SCF) and CIS ab initio calculations. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Notes: The S1↔S0 and S2↔S0 vibronic spectra of the supersonically cooled 2-pyridone dimer (2PY)2 and its 13C-, d1-, and d2-isotopomers were investigated by two-color resonant two-photon ionization and fluorescence spectroscopies. For the C2h symmetric (2PY)2–h2 and (2PY)2–d2 complexes, the 2PY moieties are equivalent and the S1↔S0 (1Ag↔1Ag) transition is forbidden. A single H/D or 12C/13C isotopic substitution reduces the symmetry to Cs, so that (2PY)2–13C and (2PY)2–d1 both exhibit S1↔S0 and S2↔S0 transitions. The S1/S2 state exciton splittings are 43.6 cm−1 and 52.4 cm−1, respectively. These are analyzed in terms of a Frenkel model and compared to calculated splittings based on ab initio monomer transition dipole moments. For (2PY)2–d1, whose 2PY subunits are different, an excitation transfer time of 318 fs is calculated from the exciton splitting. The S1↔S0 and S2↔S0 spectra are analyzed and assigned. Several bu intermolecular vibrations of S1 appear via vibronic coupling to the S2(Bu) state. Combination of the fluorescence data from excitation of the S1 and S2 origins and vibrational excitations of (2PY)2–h2, (2PY)2–d1, and (2PY)2–d2 allows the determination of the six S0 state intermolecular vibrational frequencies.© 2002 American Institute of Physics.

Notes: We describe the case of a bilateral parotid mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma associated with 2 years history of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), which was linked to human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) infection. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay HHV-8 sequences were detectable in the lymphoma tissue of both sides. Serologic testing of the patient revealed HHV-8 antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Immunohistologic staining with two antibodies against open reading frame (ORF) 26 and v-cyclin homologues of HHV-8 revealed positive staining of the salivary acinic cells whereas the lymphoma cells were negative. The potential influence of HHV-8 infection for MALT lymphoma development in this case and possible parallels to gastric MALT lymphoma are discussed.

Notes: A 36-year-old black man presented to his dermatologist in May 1996 complaining of mucosal lesions in the mouth, as well as perforation of the hard palate. The lesions had started approximately 7 months before and had worsened gradually. Other complaints included odynophagia, dysphagia, mild dyspnea, and dry cough. The patient was in good general health, but reported a 3 kg weight loss over the previous semester. The hard and soft palate presented erythematous ulcers with a finely granulated base and irregular, but clearly defined margins. A perforation (diameter, 0.5 cm) of the hard palate was seen in the center of the ulcerated region (〈link href="#f1"〉Fig. 1). Direct examination of 10% KOH cleared specimens showed typical double-walled, multiple budding yeast structures. Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) serologic reactions tested positive for double immunodiffusion (DI), complement fixation (CF) 1 : 256 and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) 1 : 128. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of oral lesions showed an ulcer covered by a fibrous leukocytic crust, with a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, as well as multinuclear giant cells containing round bodies with a double membrane. Gomori–Grocott staining showed budding and blastoconidia suggestive of PCM. Lung computed tomography (CT) exhibited findings consistent with pulmonary PCM. Diagnosis of the chronic multifocal form of PCM with oral and pulmonary manifestations was established. Drug therapy was initiated with ketoconazole (KCZ) 200 mg twice daily, which led to clinical cure in approximately 2 months. Serum antibody values rose 30 days after institution of therapy (CIE 1 : 256; CF 1 : 512), peaking at day 60 (CIE 1 : 1024; CF 1 : 1024). Three months later the daily dose was reduced to 200 mg and titers declined slowly. The diameter of the perforation remained unchanged (〈link href="#f2"〉Fig. 2). The hard palate perforation was corrected with a palatoplasty 27 months after initiation of drug therapy (〈link href="#f3"〉Fig. 3). KCZ was discontinued when serologic cure was achieved after 34 months of treatment (DI weakly positive; CIE 1 : 8; CF not measurable). The patient was discharged 46 months after the first visit.〈figure xml:id="f1"〉1〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00119059:IJD1212:IJD_1212_f1"/〉Ulcers with a finely granulated base on the hard palate with irregular but clearly defined margins. A perforation (diameter, 0.5 cm) of the hard palate is seen in the center of the ulcerated region〈figure xml:id="f2"〉2〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00119059:IJD1212:IJD_1212_f2"/〉Clinical aspect after 2 months of oral ketoconazole 200 mg twice daily. Resolution of ulceration was evident, but the diameter of the perforation remained unchanged〈figure xml:id="f3"〉3〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00119059:IJD1212:IJD_1212_f3"/〉Final result of palatoplasty to cover hard palate perforation

Notes: Abstract Microsporidia are intracellular parasites that are common in invertebrates. Taxonomic classification is mostly restricted to morphologic and physiologic data. Limited data are available about taxonomic classification using DNA-sequence data for analysis. We examined the small-subunit (SSU) rDNA, the intergenic spacer (ITS) region, and a part of the large-subunit (LSU) rDNA of Nosema algerae, a parasite of mosquitoes, taken from a laboratory colony of Anopheles stephensi. Target gene amplifications were done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and, after cloning, DNA fragments were sequenced. The SSU-rDNA sequence obtained was aligned with several other microsporidian SSU-rDNA sequences available from the GenBank or EMBL data bases and was analyzed by different methods. On the basis of the results of our phylogenetic analysis, we suggest that our N. algerae isolate is not closely related to other microsporidia belonging to the genus Nosema.