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Comparison of ropivacaine 0.1% and 0.2% with bupivacaine 0.2% for single-shot caudal anaesthesia in children (2000)

Luz, G. ; Innerhofer, P. ; Häussler, B. ; [et al.]

Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Pediatric anesthesia 10 (2000), S. 0

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ISSN: 1460-9592

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: We compared analgesic efficacy and degree of motor block induced by ropivacaine 0.1% (R 0.1) and 0.2% (R 0.2) vs. bupivacaine 0.2% (B 0.2) after caudal anaesthesia in children. Total and free plasma concentrations were measured after caudal injection. Duration of caudal analgesia (median/range) was significantly shorter in group R 0.1 (1.7 h/0.2–6 h) than in group R 0.2 (4.5 h/1.7–6 h) or group B 0.2 (4 h/1–6 h) (P 〈 0.05). Motor block in the first 2 h postoperatively was significantly less for both ropivacaine groups compared with bupivacaine (P 〈 0.05). Peak plasma concentrations after ropivacaine 0.2% were higher and protein binding lower than after bupivacaine 0.2% (P 〈 0.05). We conclude that caudal analgesia with ropivacaine 0.1% is less effective and of shorter duration than that of ropivacaine 0.2%, whereas ropivacaine 0.2% provides pain relief similar to bupivacaine 0.2%. Motor block in the early postoperative period is less with ropivacaine than with bupivacaine.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2000.00532.x

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Cloning, chromosomal location, and tissue expression of the gene for pig interleukin-18 (2000)

Fournout, S. ; Dozois, C. M. ; Yerle, M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Immunogenetics 51 (2000), S. 358-365

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ISSN: 1432-1211

Keywords: Key words Pig ; Cytokine ; Interleukin-18 ; Chromosomal location ; Tissue expression

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Abstract Interleukin 18 (IL-18), a recently described cytokine, plays an important role in the cell-mediated immune response, in particular through its ability to induce the production of interferon (IFN)-γ. We cloned pig IL-18 cDNA from the intestinal epithelial cell line IPI-2I using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method with primers derived from the human IL-18 sequence. The amino acid sequence deduced from pig IL-18 cDNA encodes a 192 amino-acid polypeptide that exhibits 92, 90, 81, and 71% similarity to IL-18 from horse, dog, human, and rodents (mouse and rat), respectively. Structural comparison of the IL-18 protein with IL-1α and IL-1β showed that IL-18 shares several characteristics with the IL-1 cytokine family: the IL-1 signature-like sequence, a potential caspase-1 (ICE) cleavage site, and the presence of 12 predicted β strands. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to localize the IL-18 gene on the short arm (p13) of pig chromosome 9. Analysis of IL-18 expression in different organs of piglets demonstrated that IL-18 mRNA is weakly expressed in the kidney and the lung. By contrast, we observed highly constitutive expression of IL-18 mRNA in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and the intestine, particularly in the small intestine, indicating a potential role for IL-18 as a first line of host defense in the intestinal mucosa.