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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased Secretion of Adrenomedullin from Cultured Human Astrocytes by Cytokines (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 74 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Adrenomedullin, originally discovered from pheochromocytoma, is a member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide family. The production and secretion of adrenomedullin by cultured human astrocytes were studied by northern blot analysis and radioimmunoassay. Northern blot analysis showed the expression of adrenomedullin mRNA in cultured human astrocytes. Immunoreactive adrenomedullin concentrations in the culture medium were 29.6 ± 1.2 fmol/105 cells/24 h (mean ± SEM, n = 4). Treatment with interferon-γ (100 U/ml), tumor necrosis factor-α (1 and 10 ng/ml), or interleukin-1β (1 and 10 ng/ml) for 24 h caused 〉20-fold increases in immunoreactive adrenomedullin levels in the culture medium of human astrocytes. On the other hand, northern blot analysis showed only small increases (∼40%) in the adrenomedullin mRNA expression of human astrocytes with either 100 U/ml interferon-γ or 10 ng/ml interleukin-1β and no noticeable change with tumor necrosis factor-α. Reverse phase HPLC of the medium extracts of human astrocytes treated with interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, or interleukin-1β showed that most of immunoreactive adrenomedullin was eluted in the position of adrenomedullin-(1-52). On the other hand, immunoreactive adrenomedullin in the medium of human astrocytes without cytokine treatment was eluted earlier than the adrenomedullin standard, suggesting that this immunoreactive adrenomedullin represents adrenomedullin with some modifications or fragments of the adrenomedullin precursor. The present study has shown the production and secretion of adrenomedullin by human astrocytes and increased secretion of adrenomedullin by cytokines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0740099.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of Adrenomedullin During Hypoxia in Cultured Human Glioblastoma Cells (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 75 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator peptide originally isolated from pheochromocytoma. Adrenomedullin is produced by various types of cells including neurons and astrocytes. To explore possible pathophysiological roles of adrenomedullin in hypoxic brain, we studied the effects of hypoxia on the expression of adrenomedullin in T98G human glioblastoma cells by radioimmunoassay and northern blot analysis. Expression levels of adrenomedullin mRNA and immunoreactive adrenomedullin levels in the culture medium were increased by hypoxia about six- and about threefold, respectively. Treatment with cobalt chloride increased expression levels of adrenomedullin mRNA about threefold and immunoreactive adrenomedullin levels in the culture medium about threefold in T98G cells. Using actinomycin D, we showed that hypoxia did not cause the stabilization of the adrenomedullin mRNA, suggesting that the increased adrenomedullin mRNA levels in response to hypoxia are caused mainly by increased transcription. Treatment with cycloheximide caused increases in adrenomedullin mRNA levels in both normoxic and hypoxic states, raising the possibility that some protein(s) may act as a suppressor of adrenomedullin gene expression in T98G cells. These findings indicate that adrenomedullin is highly induced during hypoxia in T98G glioblastoma cells and suggest that increased expression of adrenomedullin during hypoxia may be important in the defense against hypoxia or ischemia in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0751826.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ABO-incompatible pediatric kidney transplantation in a single-center trial (2000)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 14 (2000), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Renal transplantation ; ABO incompatibility ; Splenectomy ; Cytomeglovirus infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We have performed ten pediatric kidney transplantations from living-related ABO-incompatible donors. All patients underwent preoperative plasmapheresis with or without immunoadsorption to reduce isoagglutinin. Primary immunosuppression consisted of methylprednisolone, cyclosporin or tacrolimus, azathioprine, anti-lymphocyte globulin, and/or deoxyspergualin. At transplantation splenectomy was simultaneously performed in all patients. Median follow-up is 65 months (range 4–95 months). The patient and graft survival rates are 100% to date. Post-transplantation isoagglutinin titers did not increase more than 1:32, except for 1 patient, without uncontrollable vascular rejection episodes. Despite the heavy immunosuppressive regimen, cytomegalovirus infection occurred in only three patients, who were successfully treated with ganciclovir and cytomegalovirus high-titer gamma globulin. Our small series clearly shows that the preoperative reduction of isoagglutinin, splenectomy, and strict immunosuppressive therapy lead to successful long-term results in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050001
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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