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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring the change in productive efficiency in telecommunications in the USA (2002)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 29 (2002), S. 150-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Incentive regulation has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA. The issue explored here is whether incentive regulation has resulted in an increase in productive efficiency. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-1999 period indicate that, in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 and the 1991-1999 periods, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443580210420808
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The change in technical and allocative efficiency of local exchange carriers in the United States (2003)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 5 (2003), S. 53-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: The issue explored is whether incentive regulation of local exchange carriers in the USA has resulted in an increase in efficiency. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, the methodology for measuring the effects of incentive regulation on efficiency is reviewed. This methodology is data envelopment analysis and allows for the measurement of both technical efficiency and allocative efficiency of individual local exchange carriers. The results of empirically implementing the data envelopment approach (DEA) approach indicate that there is little change in technical efficiency. In fact average technical efficiency in 1988 was the same as in 2001. Next, while outputs continued to grow at about their historical rate across LECs, the sizeable increase in the two types of capital increased inputs well above their historical average rates for some LECs leading to short run allocative inefficiency. On average, however, allocative efficiency shows no identifiable trend between 1988 and 2001. Finally, in the aggregate, total economic efficiency does not demonstrate any trend between 1988 and 2001.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636690310487255
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Special access service and its regulation in the United States (2004)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 6 (2004), S. 122-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: In 1999 the Federal Communications Commission adopted an order granting complete deregulation of the rates for special access service for specific metropolitan statistical areas based on an objective showing that there was potential competition in that market. This was done in an environment where the local exchange carriers (LECs) subject to price caps were earning a rate of return in excess of 22 percent, with the rate of return on an upward trend. By 2002, the average rate of return across all price cap LECs topped 35 percent. The question that is investigated in this paper is whether the price cap LECs have market power in supplying special access service and whether they have taken advantage of this. The data clearly show that this is the case. Given the prevailing situation, there is a clear need to revisit the pricing flexibility order. First, the product market for special access service needs to be more carefully examined. Second, the metrics used to define the potential for competition need to be revamped.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636690410542126
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global climate change and the effect of conservation practices in US agriculture (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 40 (2000), S. 41-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Keywords Conservation ; Global climate change ; Organic carbon ; US agriculture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Increase in the use of conservation practices by agriculture in the United States will enhance soil organic carbon and potentially increase carbon sequestration. This, in turn, will decrease the net emission of carbon dioxide. A number of studies exist that calibrate the contribution of various individual, site-specific conservation practices on changes in soil organic carbon. There is a general absence, however, of a comprehensive effort to measure objectively the contribution of these practices including conservation tillage, the Conservation Reserve Program, and conservation buffer strips to an change in soil organic carbon. This paper fills that void. After recounting the evolution of the use of the various conservation practices, it is estimated that organic carbon in the soil in 1998 in the United States attributable to these practices was about 12.2 million metric tons. By 2008, there will be an increase of about 25%. Given that there is a significant potential for conservation practices, which could lead to an increase in carbon sequestration, there are a number of policy options that can be pursued. These include education and technical assistance, financial assistance, research and development, land retirement, and regulation and taxes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540000159
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Timing Nitrogen Fertilizer Application to Reduce Nitrogen Losses to the Environment (2000)
    Springer
    Water resources management 14 (2000), S. 35-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: agriculture ; agricultural policy ; best nitrogen management plan ; fertilizer ; insurance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract The advantage of using insurance to help a farmeradopt a best nitrogen management plan (BNMP) thatreduces the impact of agricultural production on theenvironment is analytically and empiricallydemonstrated. Using an expected value analysis, it isshown that an insurance program can be structured soas to reduce a farmer's cost of bearing the adoptionrisk associated with changing production practicesand, thus, to improve the farmer's certaintyequivalent net return thereby promoting the adoptionof a BNMP. Using the adoption of growing-season onlyN fertilizer application in Iowa as a case study, itis illustrated how insurance may be used to promotethe adoption of this practice to reduce N fertilizeruse. It is shown that it is possible for a farmer andan insurance company both to have an incentive todevelop an insurance adoption program that willbenefit both the farmer and the insurance company,increasing net social welfare and improvingenvironmental quality in Iowa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008137011813
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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