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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1990-1994  (6)
  • 1975-1979  (3)
  • Chemistry  (11)
  • crystal structure  (5)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hybridoma ; subclone ; continuous culture ; batch culture ; igG-mRNA ; biosynthetic activities ; antibody production ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: During long-term continuous culture of the hybridoma cell line 11317, a better-producing subclone (I1317-SF11), giving improved productivity, has been selected. The comparison of the original cell line (I1317-DC) with this subclone revealed that although the growth patterns of both clones were similar, both in continuous and in batch cultures, considerable differences could be seen between the clones with respect to monoclonal antibody (MAB) accumulation, MAB production rate, the levels of mRNA coding for heavy and light chains of IgG, and some metabolic activities. In continuous culture as well as in batch culture, I1317-SF11 showed increased levels of mRNA coding for kappa and gamma chains compared with I1317-DC and/or a modified ratio of the mRNA species when compared to that in I1317-DC. Using pulse experiments, it could be established that the biosynthesis of both chains was augmented in I1317-SF11. Although the kappa and gamma mRNA levels were modified or inversed for I1317-SF11, the cells always synthesized more kappa than gamma chains. The overall increase in the synthetic activity of I1317-SF11 is suggested as one reason for the considerable increase of IgG productivity and product accumulation in continuous culture as well as in repeated batch cultures. Tests concerning metabolic activity revealed that I1317-SF11 had a predominantly glycolytic metabolism independent of growth requirements, whereas for I1317-DC the metabolism became increasingly glycolytic with increased growth. The antibody yield coefficient of I1317-SF11 on glutamine was significantly higher than that of I1317-DC for the continuous culture, whereas the antibody coefficients on glucose were almost similar for both clones under the different culture conditions used. Both antibody coefficients were considerablly influenced by the specific growth rate.All these facts together lead to the conclusion that subclone I1317-SF11 uses more of the energy available, or it was the energy and/or precursors available for the synthesis and production of MAB more efficiently than the thesis and production of MAB more efficiently than the original cell line. Although the levels of mRNA coding for heavy and light chains of IgG were modified, it could be confirmed that the overall regulation of MAB-synthesis and -production occurs post-translationally and that at higher growth rates, more biosynthetic activity is diverted to biomass production. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 23 (1992), S. 299-304 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Untersuchungen an Flachzugproben und Behältern aus Vergütungs- und Feinkornbaustählen mit etwa halbelliptischen Oberflächenrissen haben gezeigt. Daß die Versagensspannung nach Verfahren des plastischen Versagens konservativ ermittelt wird. Während sie nach dem Ansatz von Harrison und dem Fließkriterium von Mises - unabhängig von der Rißtiefe - im Mintel um etwa 10% unterschätzt wird, bewerten die anderen untersuchten Verfahren (Mattheck, Chell) deutlich konservativer. Der Grad der Unterschätzung wächst von etwa 30 bzw. 40% bei mittleren Rißtiefen bis zu 70% bei tiefen Rissen. Für einseitigen Wasserstoffangriff auf der Rißausgangsseite ergaben sich i.a. die gleichen konservativen Bewertungen wie bei Luftumgebung.Die Untersuchung hat weiterhin gezeigt, Daß die Versagensspannung von Fluchzugproben unter Luft- und Wasserstoff-Atmosphäre mit etwa konstanter Rißtiefe mit guter Genauigkeit berechnet werden kann, wenn im Restquerschnitt der Mittelwert zwischen Streckgrenze und Zugfestigkeit als Fließspannung angesetzt wird.Es ist für ähnliche Bauteile zu erwarten, daß die erarbeiteten Ergebnisse auf Werkstoffe mit vergleichbaren Rißzähigkeits- und Festigkeitseigenschaften übertragbar sind.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 663-669 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Dicopper(I)-octa-μ3-halogeno-hexahalogeno-octahedro-hexamolybdate(II) ; crystal structure ; Mo6X14-group ; trigonal planar CuX3-group ; ionic conduction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Trigonal Planar CuX3-Groups in Cu2Mo6X14, X = Cl, Br, ICu2Mo6Cl14 (I), Cu2Mo6Br14 (II) and Cu2Mo6I14 (III) were synthesized by thermal treatment of corresponding mixtures of copper(I) and molybdenum(II) halides. The crystal structures were determined by single crystal X-ray analyses. I and II show isotypism, cubic, Pn3 (no. 201, sec. setting), Z = 4, I: a = 12.772(3) Å, II: a = 13.350(2) Å. III shows a new structural type, orthorhombic, Pbca (No. 61), Z = 4, a = 16.058(3) Å, b = 10.643(2) Å, c = 16.963(3) Å. Trigonal planar CuX3 units were found in I—III. Structural behaviour relations are discussed, especially with regard to ionic conductivity.
    Notes: Cu2Mo6Cl14 (I), Cu2Mo6Br14 (II) und Cu2Mo6I14 (III) wurden durch thermische Behandlung der Gemenge der binären Halogenide CuX und Mo6X12 im molaren Verhältnis 2:1 in einkristalliner Form erhalten. Röntgenographische Strukturbestimmung wurde an Einkristallen durchgeführt. I und II zeigen Isotypie, Pn3 (Nr. 201, sec. setting) Z = 4, I: a = 12,772(3) Å, II: a = 13,350(2) Å. III weist eigenen Strukturtyp auf: Pbca (Nr. 61), Z = 4, a = 16,058(3) Å, b = 10,643(2) Å, c = 16,963(3) Å. In I—III liegen trigonal planare CuX3-Gruppen vor. Bindungsverhältnisse und Meßergebnisse der Ionenleitfähigkeit werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 1231-1235 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Dilead(II)-hexahalogenopalladate(II) ; crystal structure ; strongly elongated PdX6 octahedra ; DTA, IR/RAMAN, 207Pb MAS NMR ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Pb2PdX6 (X = Cl, Br) - Compounds with Elongated [PdX6] OctahedraIn contradiction to published data new compounds in the systems PbX2 - PdX2 (X = Cl, Br) with the formula Pb2PdCl6 (I) and Pb2PdBr6 (II) were found. These were synthesized by thermal treatment of the corresponding mixtures of PbX2 and PdX2 (X = Cl, Br). X-ray single crystal structure analysis shows isotypism of I and II, monoclinic, P21/c (No. 14), Z = 2, I: a = 9.037(2) Å, b = 6.224(1) Å, c = 8.162(1) Å, β = 90.31(7)β, II: a = 9.512(7) Å, b = 6.584(8) Å, c = 8.383(3) Å, β = 90.07(5)º. Strongly elongated PdX6 octahedra are found in the crystal structure. Additional characterisation of the compounds was done by DTA, IR/RAMAN spectra and 207Pb MAS NMR investigations. Remarcable low field shifts were found for 207Pb.
    Notes: Entgegen Literaturangaben wurden in den Systemen PbX2 - PdX2 (X = Cl, Br) die neuen Verbindungen Pb2PdCl6(I) und Pb2PdBr6(II) aufgefunden. Sie wurden durch thermische Behandlung der binären Halogenide PbX2 und PdX2 im molaren Verhältnis 2:1 dargestellt (Einkristalle). Die Kristallstrukturen wurden mit Einkristallröntgenuntersuchungen ermittelt. I und II sind isotyp, monoklin, P21/c (Nr. 14), Z = 2, I: a = 9,037(2) Å, b = 6,224(1) Å, c = 8,162(1) Å, β = 90,31(7)º, II: a = 9,512(7) Å, b = 6,584(8) Å, c = 8,383(3) Å, β = 90,07(5)º. In Pb2PdX6 werden stark gestreckte PdX6-Oktaeder beobachtet. Die Verbindungen wurden außerdem mittels DTA, IR/RAMAN-Spektren und 207Pb-MAS-NMR-Untersuchungen charakterisiert. Für 207Pb wurde eine bemerkenswerte Tieffeldverschiebung beobachtet.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 977-980 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Mercury(II) lead(II) oxide chloride ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; structural comparison ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: HgPb2O2Cl2, a “Perforated” Lead(II) OxideSingle crystals of HgPb2O2Cl2 were grown in a HgCl2 flux by reaction of PbO with HgCl2. Crystal structure analysis by single crystal X-ray methods were carried out. HgPb2O2Cl2 crystallizes monoclinic with a = 11.788(2) Å, b = 3.910(1) Å, c = 7.749(2) Å, β = 122.64(3)°, space group C2/m (No. 12) and Z = 2. HgPb2O2Cl2 is the first member of a new structure type, closely related to the structure of PbO.
    Notes: Einkristalle von HgPb2O2Cl2 wurden durch Umsetzung von PbO und HgCl2 in HgCl2-Schmelzen gezüchtet. An ihnen wurde der Aufbau mittels Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse bestimmt. HgPb2O2Cl2 kristallisiert monoklin mit a = 11,788(2) Å, b = 3,910(1) Å, c = 7,749(2) Å, β = 122,64(3)°, Raumgruppe C2/m (Nr. 12) und Z = 2. HgPb2O2Cl2 ist der erste Vertreter eines neuen Strukturtyps, der kristallchemisch von der Struktur von PbO ableitbar ist.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 597 (1991), S. 151-161 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Silver lead oxybromide ; crystal structure ; layer structure ; crystal chemistry ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: AgPbOBr  -  a New Sillén Type? Preparation and Crystal StructureAgPbOBr was prepared for the first time. Its crystal structure was explored by single crystal X-ray diffraction. AgPbOBr crystallizes with tetragonal symmetry in space group P 4/nmm - No. 129 with a = 3.891(1) Å, c = 11.07(1) Å and two formulas per unit cell. Least squares refinement yields an weighted R-value of 0.065. AgPbOBr shows a layered structure with components of the crystal structure of red PbO as well as AgBr. Emphasized differences between the crystal structures of AgPbOBr and the X2-types after Sillén's notation [1] are characteristic. AgPbOBr is the first member of a new structure type, arranged between Sillén- and Aurivilliusphases [2].
    Notes: AgPbOBr wurde erstmalig dargestellt und die Kristallstruktur an Einkristallen aufgeklärt. Es kristallisiert tetragonal (Raumgruppe P4/nmm  -  No. 129) mit a = 3,891(1) Å, c = 11,07(1) Å und z = 2. Die Verfeinerung (LSQ) der Einkristallmessung liefert Rw = 0,065. AgPbOBr ist schichtförmig aufgebaut mit aus PbO und AgBr bestehenden Bereichen, die nahezu unverändert dem Bau von PbO und AgBr gleichen. Die Unterschiede zur Kristallstruktur der Sillén-Phasen vom X2-Typ [1] sind charakteristisch. AgPbOBr nimmt kristallchemisch eine Stellung zwischen den Sillén- und den Aurivillius-Phasen [2] (z. B. BiOCl und γ-Bi2 WO6) ein.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 603 (1991), S. 69-76 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Dicesium mercury(II) palladium(II) hexachloride ; preparation ; crystal structure ; group-subgroup relation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Crystal Structure of Cs2HgPdCl6, a Distorted Variant of ChloroperovskitsCs2HgPdCl6 single crystals show tetragonal symmetry with the space group I 4/m m m (No. 139) with 2 formular units per unit cell. The lattice parameters are a = 7.432(4) Å, c = 10.874(7) Å. The atomic arrangement of Cs2HgPdCl6 is explored by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The important polyhedrons are square-planar PdCl4 groups and HgCl2 dumbbells. The PdCl4 group is completed by two further chlorine atoms to a elongated octahedron and four further chlorine atoms form with the HgCl2 dumbbell a compressed octahedron. The crystal structure of Cs2HgPdCl6 is compared with the arrangement in halogenoperovskits and in Rb2PdCl4 [3].
    Notes: Die Verbindung Cs2HgIIPdIICl6 läßt sich durch Festkörperreaktion phasenrein darstellen. Sie kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe I 4/m m m (No. 139) mit a = 7,432(4) Å, c = 10,874(7) Å, Z = 2. Die Kristallstruktur wurde mit röntgenographischen Methoden an Einkristallen ermittelt. Pd2+ ist quadratisch-planar und Hg2+ hantelförmig von Cl-umgeben. In zweiter Nachbarschaft ergänzen weitere Cl- zu gestreckten bzw. gestauchten Oktaedern. Dieses Bauprinzip entspricht dem Aufbau von Cs2AuIAuIIICl6 [1, 2]. Es besteht direkte kristallchemische Beziehung zur Kristallstruktur der Halogenoperowskite bzw. des K2PdCl4-Typs.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 1229-1233 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Silver lead(II) oxyhalide ; synthesis ; crystal structures ; ionic conduction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ag2Pb8O7Cl4, a New Member of Lead(II) Oxyhalides with SilverAg2Pb8O7Cl4 is one among other products of the thermal decomposition of AgPb4O4Cl. Ag2Pb8O7Cl4 can be prepared directly by heating the binary components within a temperature range from 590°C to 620°C. The crystal structure was solved by single crystal X-ray methods. The compound crystallizes monoclinic with a = 12.411(4) Å, b = 17.99(3) Å, c = 14.785(4) Å, β = 147.01(2)°, Z = 4 with the space group P21/c. Ag2Pb8O7Cl4 shows remarkable structural features, e.g. silver tetrahedrally surrounded by chlorine.
    Notes: Bei der thermischen Zersetzung von AgPb4O4Cl entsteht u. a. Ag2Pb8O7Cl4. Diese Verbindung läßt sich aus den binären Komponenten im Temperaturbereich 590°C bis 620°C rein darstellen. Die Struktur konnte mit Hilfe der Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse ermittelt werden. Ag2Pb8O7Cl4 kristallisiert in der monoklinen Raumgruppe P21/c, Z = 4 mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 12,411(4) Å, b = 17,99(3) Å, c = 14,785(4) Å, β = 147,01(2)°. Ag2Pb8O7Cl4 zeigt bemerkenswerte Struktureigenschaften wie tetraedrisch von Chlor umgebenes Silber.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 422 (1976), S. 261-265 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structure of Trans-Cs2 [OsBrClF4]The complex Cs2[OsBrClF4] cristallizes tetragonal in space group C4v9-I4mm resp. D4h17-I4/mmm with a = 7.176, c = 8.606 Å, Z = 2. The structure was resolved by x-ray structure analysis. The final R value was 0.039. Osmium is surrounded octahedrally by the halogens. The chloride and bromide particles are trans together. The arrangement of the octahedra is statistically with regard to the z direction.
    Notes: Die Komplexverbindung Cs2[OsBrClF4] kristallisiert tetragonal in der Raumgruppe C4v9-14mm bzw. D4h17-14/mmm mit a = 7,175, c = 8,606 Å, Z = 2. Die Struktur wurde durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse aufgeklärt und bis zu einem R-Wert von 0,039 verfeinert. Die Halogenteilchen umgeben das Osmium oktaedrisch, wobei Chlor und Brom transständig sind. Innerhalb des Kristallverbands erfolgt die Anordnung dieser transständigen Halogene statistisch.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 432 (1977), S. 141-146 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structure of Tl3PbCl5Single crystals of the compound Tl3PbCl5 were prepared. Tetragonal symmetry with the lattice parameters a = 844.8 pm, c = 1 491.2 pm was shown by X-ray investigations. Tl3PbCl5 belongs to the space group P41 (No. 76). The crystal structure was solved by MULTAN and refined till R = 0.050. The metal particles are surrounded by seven chloride ions. This polyhedras are connected in a 3-dimensional way. Tl3PbCl5 shows a new structure type, without any constitutional relations to Cs3CoCl5 or (NH4)3ZnCl5.
    Notes: Die Verbindung Tl3PbCl5 wurde in Einkristallen dargestellt und röntgenographisch untersucht. Die Kristalle zeigen tetragonale Symmetrie mit a = 844,8 pm, c = 1 491,2 pm und sind der Raumgruppe P41 (No. 76) zuzuordnen. Die Kristallstruktur wurde mit MULTAN bestimmt und bis zu einem R-Wert von 0,050 verfeinert. Die Thallium- und Bleiteilchen sind von sieben Chloridionen umgeben. Die Koordinationspolyeder sind untereinander dreidimensional verknüpft. Tl3PbCl5 kristallisiert in einem neuen Bautyp, der keinerlei strukturelle Beziehung zu Cs3CoCl5 oder (NH4)3ZnCl5 zeigt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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