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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoquaternary neuromuscular blocking agents based on 1-tetralone and 1-indanone (1976)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 19 (1976), S. 472-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00226a004
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary excretion of bioactive amines and their metabolites in psychiatric patients receiving phenelzine (1993)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 18 (1993), S. 1023-1027 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Phenelzine ; monoamine oxidase ; bioactive amines ; humans ; urinary excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Phenelzine [2-phenylethylhydrazine] (PLZ), a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and-B, is used widely in psychiatry. We have studied the effects of PLZ administration on urinary excretion of several bioactive amines and their metabolites in psychiatric patients. Urine samples (24-hour) were collected prior to treatment and again at 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with PLZ (30–90 mg daily in divided doses). Amines and metabolites analyzed included 2-phenylethylamine (PEA), m-and p-tyramine (m-and p-TA), phenylacetic acid (PAA), m-and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (m-and p-OH-PAA), tryptamine (T), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), normetanephrine (NME), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), and homovanillic acid (HVA). Levels of PEA, p-TA, 5-HT, and T were elevated during treatment with PLZ, but no significant changes in urinary excretion of the acid metabolites PAA, p-OH-PAA, and 5-HIAA were observed. Urinary levels of the noradrenaline metabolites NME and MHPG were increased and decreased, respectively; a similar pattern was observed with the dopamine metabolites 3-MT and HVA. There was an elevation in levels of m-TA and a decrease in its acid metabolite m-OH-PAA during the treatment with PLZ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00966763
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adverse drug reactions and debrisoquine/sparteine (P450IID6) polymorphism in patients with fibromyalgia (1997)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 16 (1997), S. 291-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Fibromyalgia ; Adverse Effects ; P450IID6 Polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Objective: To assess the frequency of adverse drug reaction in patients with fibromyalgia in relation to medications prescribed for this condition. To evaluate the potential role of the P450IID6 phenotype in the pathogenesis of these adverse drug reactions. Methods: Thirty-five patients with fibromyalgia were assessed using a structured questionnaire with demographic and clinical data and perceived adverse drug reactions. A sample of 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 62 patients with localized back pain served as controls. The P450IID6 phenotype was determined for each of the fibromyalgia patients. Results: Overall, 141 patients had used NSAID and 79 (56%) of them reported adverse effects. Antidepressant drugs were used by 68 patients and 35 (51%) patients had adverse effects. Muscle relaxant drugs were used by 48 patients and 15 (31%) of them reported side effects. Analgesics were used by 122 patients and 22 (18%) had experienced adverse effects. Statistical differences in the frequency of adverse effects were found with antidepressant drugs in the fibromyalgia group, compared with rheumatoid arthritis (p=0.01) and back pain (p=0.02). Four of the 35 patients (11.4%) had a metabolic ratio (M.R.) greater than 0.30 (log M.R.=−0.52) indicative of the poor metabolizers (PM) phenotype. M.R. varied from 0.005 (log M.R.=−2.30) to 4.99 (log M.R.=0.70). Conclusions: The problem of adverse drug reactions in fibromyalgia patients does not appear to correlate with the PM phenotype of the P450IID6 oxidative enzyme. It also is unlikely that altered xenobiotic detoxification attributable to this PM phenotype would have a significant role in the development of fibromyalgia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02238966
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of Some “Second”– and “Fourth”–Generation Antidepressants: Iprindole, Viloxazine, Bupropion, Mianserin, Maprotiline, Trazodone, Nefazodone, and Venlafaxine (1999)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 19 (1999), S. 427-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: metabolism ; cytochrome P450 ; drug–drug interactions ; bupropion ; iprindole ; mianserin ; maprotiline ; nefazodone ; trazodone ; venlafaxine ; viloxazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. This review summarizes the major known aspects of the metabolism of second-generation (iprindole, viloxazine, bupropion, mianserin, maprotiline, and trazodone) and fourth-generation (nefazodone and venlafaxine) antidepressants. 2. Discussions about specific enzymes involved and about possible pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions, particularly as they relate to cytochrome P450 enzymes, are provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006953923305
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The metabolism of trimipramine in the rat (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 19 (1990), S. 793-806 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies on the metabolism of the tricyclic antidepressant trimipramine, 5-(3-dimethylamino-2-methylpropyl)-10, 11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b, f] azepine, in the rat are described. Many metabolites of trimipramine (TMP) were isolated from rat urine after enzymatic hydrolysis and their structures were identified by a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method, before and after appropriate chemical derivatization. Besides unchanged TMP, 20 metabolites were characterized (underivatized, and after acetylation), of which 12 had undergone alicyclic (C10 or C11) oxidation. This is a hitherto unreported metabolic pathway for TMP in the rat.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200191303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A re-examination of the synthesis and some properties of the in vitro metabolite, N-hydroxyphenmetrazineAbbreviation: CPBA = m-chloroperbenzoic acid. (1975)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 137-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reported synthesis of N-hydroxyphenmetrazine from phenmetrazine by the action of m-chloroperbenzoic acid could not be repeated. When the synthetic procedure was modified N-hydroxyphenmetrazine was obtained in low yield. The product had different properties from those claimed previously, but was identical to metabolically produced N-hydroxyphenmetrazine. It was characterized by means of thin-layer chromatography, combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, preparation of a t-butyldimethylsilyl derivative and oxidation to a mixture of nitrones. Mass spectrometry was also used to characterize these derivatives.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200020307
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a nitrone as an in vitro metabolite of N-methylamphetamineAbbreviation: NMA = N-methylamphetamine. (1978)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1978), S. 418-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The relatively labile nitrone, α-methyl-(N-methylene)benzeneethanamine N-oxide was isolated from incubates of (±)-N-methylamphetamine with fortified liver homogenates from rats and rabbit. Identification of the nitrone was confirmed directly by gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry and, after its conversion to isoxazolidine adducts by the action of methyl and ethyl acrylate. An authentic sample of the nitrone was synthesized unequivocally from N-hydroxyamphetamine and formaldehyde. The isomeric nitrone, N-(α-methylbenzeneethylidene)methylamine N-oxide, was also synthesized and its gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic mass spectrometric characteristics determined to confirm that the metabolically formed nitrone was not N-(α-methylbenzeneethylidene)methylamine N-oxide. Two previously unreported metabolites of (±)-N-methylamphetamine, N-hydroxyamphetamine and 1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-propanone, were isolated from rat in vitro experiments; the latter metabolite was not produced in vitro by rabbit liver homogenates.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200050609
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