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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    External kink modes in a Large Helical Device (LHD) equilibrium with self-consistent bootstrap current (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 2513-2522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability studies of low-mode-number free-boundary kink modes in a finite-β Large Helical Device (LHD) [A. Ilyoshi, et al. Fusion Technology 17, 169 (1990)] equilibrium series with self-consistent bootstrap current find some serious free-boundary modes. They indicate that care must be taken in the design of high-β experiments. Since the LHD configuration is flexible, with the possibility of introducing or modifying dipole and quadrapole fields, unbalancing the currents in the helical coils, operating with a high-temperature divertor, and changing the collisionality regime by working with different values of temperature and density, paths to high-β operation should exist. Comparison of the experimental results with these theoretical predictions for the studied equilibrium sequence will provide understanding of the MHD stability properties of LHD. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873523
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quasi-helical magnetohydrodynamic equilibria in the presence of flow (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 2653-2663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By investigating the conservation laws of guiding-center mechanics, an extension of quasi-helical static magnetohydrodynamic equilibria to incorporate strong flow is obtained, subject to suitable ordering assumptions. Such equilibria correspond to self-consistent Fokker-Planck kinetic equilibria in the presence of a quasi-helical magnetic field. The effect of small symmetry-breaking contributions in the magnetic field is investigated. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871522
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pulse duration and strain rate on incipient spall fracture in copper (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 4892-4901 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Data are presented on real time (VISAR) measurements of the spall fracture of copper for various pulse durations and tensile strain rates at the spall plane. The impactors consist of Teflon, Y-cut quartz, and a tungsten heavy alloy. VISAR data are compared with finite-difference calculations employing a rate-dependent void-growth model. The data and comparisons show little dependence of the onset of void growth on either pulse duration or tensile strain rate. Also, it is shown that hydrodynamics (wave propagation properties) involving the transmission of the spall signal from the spall plane to the free surface (plane of the VISAR measurement) can mask slight differences in the void-growth or fracture response. In addition, new results are presented for the elastic description of planar wave propagation in Y-cut quartz; expressions are given for the six independent stress components to second order in infinitesimal Lagrangian strains. A discussion with regard to additional use of Y-cut quartz in impact experiments is presented. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371527
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrostatic optical cell for temperatures below 350 K and pressures to 400 MPa (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 1349-1351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A compact optical pressure cell tested at pressures up to 400 MPa is presented. The cell has been used within the temperature range 10–350 K. The cell has a small mass of 0.2 kg which facilitates rapid changes in temperature. A new high-pressure window seal is presented which allows the cell to be mounted directly in vacuum with no leak over its entire temperature and pressure range. A method of attaching the cell to common coldhead-type cryostats and closed-cycle refrigerators is presented. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149595
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design, operation, and housing of an ultrastable, low temperature, ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 2691-2695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have designed and constructed a low temperature, ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (STM), taking extreme measures to isolate the microscope from acoustic, vibrational, and electronic noise. We combined a 4 K STM with line-of-sight dosing to enable one to position the crystal surface in front of an impinging molecular beam as in scattering experiments. Due to the mechanical stability of the instrument and the minimal thermal drift associated with working at 4 K we are able to locate and to image repeatedly isolated adsorbates and atomic-scale structures, such as step edges, for extended periods days. The instrument has been designed for the topographic and spectroscopic characterization of atoms and molecules on metal and semiconductor surfaces, for the investigation of the mechanism by which the STM images adsorbates on surfaces, and for inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of single molecules. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149000
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical and optical properties of infrared photodiodes using the InAs/Ga1−xInxSb superlattice in heterojunctions with GaSb (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 1116-1127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The InAs/Ga1−xInxSb strained-layer superlattice (SLS) holds promise as an alternative III–V semiconductor system for long wavelength infrared detectors. In this article, we present the first investigation, to the best of our knowledge, of heterojunction photodiodes using this new material. The devices were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb substrates, and are comprised of a 38 A(ring) InAs/16 A(ring) Ga0.64In0.36Sb SLS used in double heterojunctions with GaSb contact layers. The structures were designed to optimize the quantum efficiency while minimizing transport barriers at the heterointerfaces. The photodiodes are assessed through the correlation of their performance with the SLS material quality and the detector design. X-ray diffraction, absorption, and Hall measurements are used to determine the SLS material properties. The electrical and optical properties of the photodiodes are determined using current–voltage and spectral responsivity measurements. At 78 K, these devices exhibit rectifying electrical behavior and photoresponse out to a wavelength of 10.6 μm corresponding to the SLS energy gap. The responsivity and resistance in these thin-layered (0.75 μm), unpassivated photodiodes result in a detectivity of 1×1010 cm (square root of)Hz/W at 8.8 μm and 78 K. Based upon the performance of these devices, we conclude that high-sensitivity operation of long-wavelength photovoltaic detectors at temperatures well in excess of conventional III–V band gap-engineered systems, and potentially in excess of HgCdTe, is feasible using this material system. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362849
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comment on "Equation of state for extrapolation of high-pressure shock Hugoniot data'' [J. Appl. Phys. 65, 3852 (1989)] (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 4300-4302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Oh and Persson [J. Appl. Phys. 65, 3852 (1989)] proposed an equation of state to extrapolate high-pressure shock Hugoniot data to other high-pressure and high-temperature states and compared it to data. The requirement that F=−(∂E/∂V)P/(∂E/∂V)H≈1 (E is specific internal energy, V is specific volume, P is the constant pressure path and H is the constant Hugoniot path) needed to establish the equation of state appears to be in error. I have found F to vary from 0.16 to 3.59 for fifteen common materials of interest to shock physicists. Oh and Persson's [J. Appl. Phys. 65, 3852 (1989)] comparison of their equation of state to data gives the impression of a better agreement than actually occurs because of possible errors in the transcription of data, and the use of an inappropriate Hugoniot for water. When data are correctly plotted and an appropriate water Hugoniot is used, the comparison of data to theory indicates that the equation of state loses accuracy with increasing pressure or decreasing porous initial density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359833
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic and transport measurements of Tl-1223 superconductors (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 5287-5292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic measurements have been performed on silver clad Tl-1223 and Tl-2223 tapes and a Tl-1223 single crystal to study the critical current properties of these samples. The Tl-1223 tape is shown by both magnetic and transport experiments to exhibit a highly granular nature, much more severe than that seen in the Tl-2223 tape, and in Bi-2223 tapes fabricated by similar rolling and pressing techniques. This characteristic is explained in terms of the poor grain alignment in the Tl-1223 tape resulting from the spherical morphology of Tl-1223 powders, in contrast with the micaceous and easily aligned Bi-2223 and Bi-2212 materials. However, evidence of a small number of strong intergrain links which remain superconducting at 77 K and 8 T is clear. The Tl-1223 single crystal exhibits clear anisotropic behavior, and this, together with the lack of good crystallographic alignment in the tapes is used to explain the variations in irreversibility line behavior between sample forms. The ratio of the irreversibility fields measured with field parallel and perpendicular to the ab plane is approximately 8. A clear "fish tail'' feature is also observed in magnetic hysteresis curves obtained from the Tl-1223 single crystal. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359282
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance modeling of a 4 K active magnetic regenerative refrigerator (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 2171-2175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A model was used to compute the performance of an ErNi-based active magnetic regenerative refrigerator as a function of the hot and cold temperatures, applied magnetic field strength and mass flow rate. A device spanning 4 to 10 K with an applied field of 3 T and a mass flow rate of 1.3 g/s is predicted to have a cooling power of 2.8 W. Approximately 1 W of cooling is predicted with a magnetic field of 1 T. The device performance as a function of the mass flow rate is studied. The performance is not strongly dependent on the hot temperature but is very sensitive to changes in the cold temperature. This is attributed to the material properties of ErNi. Comparisons of the predicted performance of ErNi and three other magnetic refrigerants are also made. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361422
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of turbulent plasma flow with a hypersonic shock wave (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 1073-1076 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A transient increase is observed in both the spectral energy decay rate and the degree of chaotic complexity at the interface of a shock wave and a turbulent ionized gas. Even though the gas is apparently brought to rest by the shock wave, no evidence is found either of prompt relaminarization or of any systematic influence of end-wall material thermal conductivities on the turbulence parameters. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364441
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