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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 4198-4203 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The deuterated dicyanoquinonediimine salt Cu(2-CD3,5-CD3-DCNQI)2, (d6), a highly conductive organic metal, exhibits a phase transition from the metallic to the insulating state at Tc≈60 K. In a wide temperature range we observe an anticoincidence of high conductivity and electron spin resonance (ESR). These experiments were performed simultaneously in our ESR apparatus equipped for application of He pressure up to 200 bar. Near Tc there is a coexistence of conducting (ESR-silent) and insulating (ESR-detectable) domains. This correlation of ESR and conductivity σ points to a percolation limited conductivity. Upper and lower limits of the size of the domains are given. Light shifts Tc to lower temperatures, pressure to higher ones. This could be due to shrinking of the lattice which induces the phase transition when critical structural parameters are approached. This is most probably explained by a simultaneous development of a charge density wave (CDW) and a spin pairing within the DCNQI stack together with the trimerization of the lattice. Systematic measurements by variation of temperature, pressure, and light led to phase diagrams of (d6) and to the understanding of the mechanism of the phase transitions. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 42 (1999), S. A311 
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present results of the total cross section differenceΔσ Т obtained in transmission measurements at the energies 0.86, 0.88, 0.91 and 0.94 GeV. The SATURNE II polarized beam of free neutrons obtained from the break-up of polarized deuterons was transmitted through the polarized Saclay frozen-spin proton target. The beam and target polarizations were oriented in the vertical direction. The present results agree with previous SATURNE measurements and improve the amplitude analysis in the forward direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS:29.25.Dz Neutron sources – 25.40.Ve Other reactions above meson production thresholds – 13.75.Cs Nucleon-nucleon interactions (including antinucleons, deuterons etc.)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstact: The kinetic energy spectrum and the polarization of the PSI neutron beam produced in the reaction 12C(p,n)X at 0° with 590 MeV polarized protons were investigated. A strong energy dependence of the neutron beam polarization is observed which was not expected at the time the neutron beam was built.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 86 (1992), S. 207-215 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The nature of the optical absorption gap in NiO at 4.0 eV is investigated. It is found that this gap is due to a band to band transition, where an electron is taken out of the valence band and placed into the conduction band. The optical gap of 6.0 eV found in Ni∶MgO is of a nature, where an electron is taken out of the oxygen 2p band and placed into the first affinity level of the Ni2+ ion (3d 8L»3d 9L−1). The impurity band created in Ni1−x Li x O by the Li ions is found 2.3 eV below the bottom of the conduction band in agreement with model predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 97 (1995), S. 83-93 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: 79.60 ; 71.20 ; 71.28
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated hole doped (by lithium) and electron-doped (by nickel metal) NiO with photoemission (PES), inverse photoemission (IPES) and low and high energy electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Both types of doping create empty states approximately in the middle of the charge transfer gap of undoped NiO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Calcium carbonate ; Phosphate ; Chronic renal failure ; Aluminium ; Hyperparathyroidism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Calcium carbonate has been successfully used as a phosphate binder in patients with chronic renal failure; however, a high frequency of hypercalcaemia has been reported. To study the effects of calcium carbonate preparations with different dissolution characteristics on the incidence of this side effect, we conducted a double-blind, crossover trial in 21 patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis. Aluminium hydroxide therapy was replaced with calcium carbonate. The subjects then randomly received either an enteric-coated or a gastric-coated preparation. Calcium carbonate (3.1–3.6 g/d) controlled serum phosphate concentrations as effectively as aluminium hydroxide (2.9 g/d). Concurrently, there was a significant rise in mean serum calcium and a fall in serum concentrations of both parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin, the latter suggesting a decrease in bone turnover. Overall, hypercalcaemic episodes developed in 9 patients (43%) and occurred at a considerable frequency (33 episodes per 100 patient-months) during treatment with the gastric-coated formulation. Following conversion to enteric-coated calcium carbonate (3.6 g/d) patients had fewer occurrences of hypercalcaemia (12 episodes per 100 patient-months,P〈0.05) and, as compared to the gastric-coated preparation, increases in serum calcium 〉3.00 mmol/l were not observed at all. Hyperaluminaemia was regressive during therapy with calcium carbonate, but addition of small doses of aluminium hydroxide caused a large rise in serum aluminium concentrations after infusion of desferrioxamine, indicating an enhanced rate of absorption or aberrant compartmentalization of aluminium. We conclude that calcium carbonate can control hyperphosphataemia in dialysis patients. However, undesirable hypercalcaemic episodes may occur, the frequency and severity of which can be lowered by the use of an enteric-coated preparation. Concomitant use of aluminium hydroxide and calcium carbonate should be restricted to patients in whom the degree of aluminium accumulation is monitored by serial desferrioxamine tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 147 (1999), S. 626-633 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Varizellen ; Impfstoff gegen Varizellen ; Routineprüfung ; Indikationsimpfung ; Anwendung in Deutschland ; Key words Varicella ; Varicella vaccine ; Routine vaccination ; Vaccination of risk groups use in Germany
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: For more than ten years, a live, attenuated varicella vaccine is available. With the licensure of a temperature stable vaccine preparation in Germany in 1994, a cost reduction from DM 510,– to DM 99.50 was achieved with a general vaccine availability independent of special cooling requirements. In the United States, in Japan and in Southern Korea varicella vaccine is already in use for routine vaccination in the second year of life. In contrast, in Germany the recommendation for VZV-vaccination is restricted to patients at increased risk for varicella complications as well as for regular intimate contacts of such persons. Discussion: In this article a short review of varicella and zoster is given, the characteristics of the VZV-vaccine are described and the options for future use in Germany are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Seit mehr als 10 Jahren ist ein Lebendimpfstoff gegen Varizellen verfügbar. Mit Zulassung eines temperaturstabilen Präparats in Deutschland im Jahr 1994 sind die Kosten für eine Dosis von rund DM 510,– auf DM 99,50 gesunken, eine generelle Verfügbarkeit ist heute gewährleistet. In den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika, in Japan und in Südkorea wird dieser Impfstoff routinemäßig und universell im Kleinkindesalter appliziert, in Deutschland dagegen wird er lediglich als Indikationsimpfung für Risikogruppen empfohlen. Diskussion: In diesem Artikel wird kurz die Varicella-Zoster-Virus(VZV)-Infektion beschrieben, danach werden die Charakteristika des VZV-Impfstoffs dargestellt. Die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten der Anwendung des VZV-Impfstoffs und deren jeweilige Folgen in Deutschland werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter TIVA ; Propofol/Remifentanil ; Balancierte Anästhesie ; Sevofluran/Fentanyl ; Laparoskopie ; Gynäkologie ; Key words TIVA ; Propofol/Remifentanil ; Balanced anaesthesia ; Sevoflurane/Fentanyl ; Laparoskopy ; Gynaecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objective: This study was designed to investigate the differences between TIVA with propofol/remifentanil (P/R) and balanced anaesthesia with sevoflurane/fentanyl (S/F) in gynaecological laparoscopic surgery. Emphasis was put on haemodynamic reaction, recovery profile, postoperative side effects and patient satisfaction. Methods: Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive either total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol/remifentanil or anaesthesia with sevoflurane/fentanyl. After premedication (midazolam) and induction of anesthesia (propofol, atracurium) in both groups, either 1 µg/kg fentanyl (S/F) or 1 µg/kg remifentanil (P/R) was injected. Anaesthesia was maintained with 0.5 µg/kg/min remifentanil (reduced to 50% after 5 min) and 0.06 µg/kg/min propofol (P/R) or 1.7 vol % sevoflurane (S/F). Both groups were mechanically ventilated with 30% oxygen in air. The administration of sevoflurane and the infusion of the anaesthetics were adjusted to maintain a surgical depth of anaesthesia. For postoperative analgesia 1 g paracetamol was administered rectally prior to surgery. After recovery 20 mg/kg metamizol was given intravenously. At the end of surgery the anaesthetics were discontinued and haemodynamics, early emergence from anaesthesia, pain level, frequency of analgesic demand, incidence of PONV, shivering and patient satisfaction were assessed. Parameters were recorded for 24 h postoperatively. Results: Recovery time after propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia was significantly shorter than after administration of sevoflurane and fentanyl (spontaneous ventilation 4.1 vs. 6.3 min, extubation 4.3 vs. 9.3 min, eye opening 4.4 vs 8.2 min, stating name 5.3 vs. 13.2 min, stating date of birth 5.4 vs. 13.3 min). There were no significant differences between the groups in shivering, pain score, analgesic demand and PONV. The S/F group responded to tracheal intubation with significantly higher blood pressure than the P/R group. During maintenance of anaesthesia heart rate in patients with S/F was significantly higher (P/R: HR max +16/–10; S/F: HR max +24/–0.). Measured on a scale from very satisfied to very dissatisfied, 73% of the patients in the P/R group were ”very satisfied” (S/F 23%) and 23% were ”satisfied” (S/F 62%). Conclusion: Compared with patients given balanced anaesthesia with sevoflurane and fentanyl, TIVA with propofol and remifentanil proved to be particularly suited for gynaecological laparoscopic surgery. Its major advantages are haemodynamic stability, significantly shorter times of emergence, and the exceptional acceptance by the patients.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Unterscheidet sich eine TIVA mit Remifentanil/Propofol (P/R) von einer balancierten Anästhesie mit Sevofluran/Fentanyl (S/F) hinsichtlich der Hämodynamik, des Aufwachverhaltens, postoperativer Nebenwirkungen und der Patientenzufriedenheit? Methodik: 60 Patientinnen wurden randomisiert einer Anästhesie mit (P/R) oder (S/F) zugeteilt. Nach oraler Prämedikation mit Midazolam wurde die Narkose mit Propofol eingeleitet, die Relaxierung erfolgte mit Atracurium. Gemäß randomisierter Gruppenzuteilung wurde 1 µg/kg Fentanyl oder 1 µg/kg Remifentanil i.v. injiziert und die Narkose bis zum OP-Ende entweder mit 0,5 µg/kg/h Remifentanil (Reduktion auf 50% nach 5 min) und mit 0,06 mg/kg/min Propofol oder mit 1,7 Vol.-% Sevofluran aufrechterhalten. Beide Gruppen wurden mit 30% O2 in Luft beatmet. Die Dosierung von Sevofluran, Propofol und Remifentanil wurden bei Bedarf der jeweiligen Intensität chirurgischer Stimuli angepaßt. Zur postoperativen Analgesie erhielten alle Patientinnen zu OP-Beginn 1 g Paracetamol rektal, nach Erwachen Metamizol 20 mg/kg i.v.. Bei OP-Ende wurde die Anästhetikazufuhr unterbrochen und folgende Parameter erfaßt: mittlerer arterieller Blutdruck, Herzfrequenz, Aufwachverhalten, Schmerzintensität, Analgetikabedarf, PONV, Muskelzittern und die Patientenzufriedenheit mit dem Anästhesieverfahren. Der Beobachtungszeitraum betrug 24 h. Ergebnisse: Die Patientinnen waren nach einer P/R Narkose signifikant eher wach und orientiert als nach einer Anästhesie mit S/F (Spontanatmung 4,1 vs. 6,3 min, Extubation 4,3 vs. 9,3 min, Augenöffnen 4,4 vs. 8,2 min, Namen nennen 5,3 vs. 13,2 min, Geburtsdatum 5,4 vs. 13,3 min). Die Inzidenz von PONV (43% vs. 43%) und Muskelzittern (56% vs. 37%) sowie die Schmerzintensität und die Anzahl der Schmerzmittelanforderungen (67 vs. 52) waren in beiden Gruppen vergleichbar. Der MAP war in der S/F-Gruppe nach der Intubation signifikant höher, die HF im gesamten Verlauf signifikant höher als in der P/R Gruppe (P/R: HF max. +16/–10; S/F: HF max. +24/–0). Auf einer Skala von „sehr zufrieden–sehr unzufrieden” waren 73% (P/R) der Patientinnen mit dem Anästhesieverfahren „sehr zufrieden” (S/F 23%), 23% „zufrieden” (S/F 62%). Schlußfolgerung: Verglichen mit einer balancierten Anästhesie mit Sevofluran und Fentanyl erwies sich die TIVA mit Remifentanil und Propofol als besonders vorteilhaft für laparoskopische Operationen in der Gynäkologie. Wesentliche Vorteile waren signifikant schnellere Aufwachzeiten, die hämodynamische Stabilität und die große Akzeptanz des Anästhesieverfahrens durch die Patientinnen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Thromboangiitis obliterans ; Dementia ; Cortical synaptophysin expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The generalized form of von Winiwarter-Buerger's disease (WBD) occasionally involves the brain. However, pure cerebral forms of the disease were also described by Spatz and Lindenberg (“Spatz-Lindenberg's disease”, SLD). Both, the type I, which involves the large basal arteries, and the type II, which results in a sickle-shaped granular atrophy of the cerebral cortex, are often accompanied by (“vascular”) dementia, which Lindenberg and Spatz mainly attributed to the bilateral involvement of the second frontal gyrus by granular atrophy. Recently, synaptic deprivation of the cortical gray matter has been shown to occur in the dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) and other neurodegenerative disorders. In DAT, the synaptic loss highly correlated with the degree of the mental impairment. We wanted to examine whether similar changes also occurred in dementia of vascular origin, for which SLD, although infrequent, is a typical example. In fact, we found that in three cases of typical SLD type II the synaptophysin immunoreactivity of the cortical neuropil in areas without overt infarcts or scar formation was as much reduced as in Alzheimer's disease. Although it must be taken into account that in the present cases the synapse loss might, at least in part, be due to secondary (Wallerian) degeneration as a result of the neuronal loss in the “watershed” regions of the arterial blood supply, it cannot be excluded that a decline of cortical synaptic contacts in areas without necroses or scars may occur as a primary event, contributing to the pathogenesis of the dementia. Final conclusions can only be expected from investigations into further cases of cerebro-vascular disorders with and without dementia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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