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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • 1880-1889
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2)
  • Scopolamine  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scopolamine increases prehensile force during object manipulation by reducing palmar sweating and decreasing skin friction (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 114 (1997), S. 578-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Grasping ; Friction ; Sweat ; Scopolamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The aim of this study was to determine whether relatively long-term changes in skin friction induced by a pharmacological blockade of sweat excretion would alter the grip forces applied to objects of a variety of different surface textures and frictions. Five men and three women were asked to lift the vertically mounted armature of a linear motor between the thumb and index finger and to hold it against an opposing force for 2 s. A 1.0-kHz tone indicated to the subject that the manipulandum had been correctly positioned between the upper and lower position limits. The linear motor generated a 2.5-N force tangential to the skin surface simulating an object weighing approximately 250 g. Three different polyamide plastic surfaces (either smooth or etched with 1.0 mm high Braille beads evenly spaced at 2- or 3-mm intervals) contacted the fingers in these experiments. Subjects lifted and held in a precision grip one of the three surfaces for blocks of ten consecutive trials, but the order of presentation of the three different textures was varied to offset the effect of expectancy. On a second block of ten trials the subjects were requested to release the object slowly to measure the ratio of the grip force normal to the grasped surface to the tangential load force at the moment of slip. This ratio or its inverse provided the coefficient of friction or the slip ratio for a particular subject and surface condition. Twelve hours prior to a second recording session all subjects placed transdermal patches of 1.5 mg scopolamine behind each ear to reduce palmar sweating by blocking the muscarinic receptors of exocrine sweat glands. The subjects were re-tested following procedures that were identical to the first session. Scopolamine significantly reduced the friction of the skin on the smooth and 2-mm beaded surfaces, but the friction of the 3-mm beaded texture was unaffected. Scopolamine also caused subjects to increase both the peak and static grip forces for all the textures including the 3-mm beaded surface, suggesting that for two of the three surfaces they were responding to the increased slipperiness of the skin due to reduced sweat production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005666
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the effects of Alzheimer's disease, normal aging and scopolamine on human transient visual evoked potentials (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 102 (1990), S. 535-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Aging ; Scopolamine ; Transient visual evoked potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Transient visual evoked potentials elicited by the onset of a patterned stimulus were recorded in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), in healthy elderly controls and in healthy young individual. The latencies and amplitudes of both the components studied were adversely affected by normal aging and one of the components, CI, but not the other, CII, showed further deterioration in AD. These changes occurred over a range of stimulus contrast levels. The changes found in AD, but not those seen in normal aging, could be mimicked by administration of the cholinergic antagonist scopolamine to young volunteers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02247137
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray microscopy of novel thermoplastic/liquid crystalline polymer blends by mechanical alloying (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 19 (1998), S. 557-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Incorporation of liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) into commodity polymers remains a challenge in the design of high-performance, low-cost polymeric blends. Blends of a thermoplastic polymer and a nematic LCP are produced here by mechanical alloying. Functionality sensitive X-ray microscopy reveals LCP dispersions as small as 100 nm in diameter. Intimate mixing remains upon subsequent melt processing, indicating that mechanical alloying is suited for applications such as recycling.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ceramic coating chemically vapour deposited on high speed steel substrates: Scratch adhesion test phenomena (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 20 (1993), S. 352-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The scratch test is widely used to assess the adhesion of ceramic coatings deposited on cermet and alloy substrates by both physical vapour deposition and chemical vapour deposition (CVD). It has been observed during such tests that, depending on the coating type, complete coating removal from the scratch channels can be preceded by flaking of the coating at the edges of the channels. An attempt has been made to ascertain, for CVD coated powder metallurgy (PM) high speed steel (HSS) cutting tool inserts, whether a relationship exists between the presence/absence and type of pre-critical load coating flaking observed during scratch testing and interfacial compositional variations determined by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Scratch test and AES results are presented for the following CVD coated PM HSS inserts: titanium nitride (TiN) coated, where no flaking has been observed; titanium carbide (TiC) coated, where mixed adhesive/cohesive flaking of the TiC coating has been observed and multilayer aluminium oxide (Al2O3) coated, where adhesive flaking of the Al2O3coating has been observed. In the case of the TiN and TiC coated inserts it is not considered that differences in coating/substrate interdiffusion zone thickness alone are responsible for the observed divergence in scratch test behaviour. Differences in coating microhardness are also suggested to be a significant factor. The behaviour of the multilayer Al2O3 coated insert during scratch testing is thought more likely to be singularly associated with interfacial chemistry.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740200505
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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