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Apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and Alzheimer's disease: Effect on age at onset and relative risk in different age groups (1996)

Kurz, Alexander ; Altland, Klaus ; Lautenschlager, Nicola ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of neurology 243 (1996), S. 452-456

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ISSN: 1432-1459

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Apolipoprotein E ; Age at onset ; Relative risk

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract The effect of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype on the age at onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the relative risk conferred by the apoE ε4 allele were studied in 91 patients and 69 healthy age-matched controls. According to the age of presentation, which varied from 44 to 95 years, subjects were divided into four groups. The inheritance of at least one ɛ4 allele was associated with a significant reduction of the age at onset by 7.7 years among patients who were 83 years or older when examined. A weaker inverse relationship between the ɛ4 allele and the age at onset was also observed among patients who were aged 44–63 years at presentation. The effect of the c4 allele was minimal or absent in the two intermediate age categories. The relative risk of AD conferred by the inheritance of at least one £4 allele showed no consistent age-related pattern. The overall risk expressed as an odds ratio was 5.0 (95% CI 2.4–10.5). With respect to the limitations of the study, we tentatively conclude (1) that the effect of the apoE ɛ4 allele on the age at onset is not restricted to AD patients of a particular age, in accordance with current hypotheses on the role of apoE gene products in the biology of AD; (2) that the relative risk of AD associated with the ɛ4 allele is not significantly modulated by age. Although the apoE ɛ4 allele is an important susceptibility factor for AD occurring in middle age as well as in later life, it is of limited value in routine clinical diagnosis and should not be used for predictive testing in asymptomatic individuals.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900498

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Bildung, Kristallstruktur und absolute Konfiguration von (-)-N-(Chloromethyl)galanthaminium-chlorid (1994)

Matusch, Rudolf ; Kreh, Mirko ; Müller, Ulrich

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Helvetica Chimica Acta 77 (1994), S. 1611-1615

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ISSN: 0018-019X

Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Formation, X-Ray Crystal Structure, and Absolute Configuration of (-)-N-(Chloromethyl)galanthaminium ChlorideThe acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galanthamine (1), main alkaloid of several Narcissus species, readily forms a quaternary ammonium salt by reaction with the solvent CH2Cl2. The structure and absolute configuration of (-)-N-(chloromethyl)galanthaminium chloride (2) were determined by X-ray diffraction (R = 0.075 for 2775 observed independent reflexions) and NMR spectroscopy. The tetragonal crystals (space group P43) contain two crystallographically independent cations which do not differ significantly from one another. The CH2Cl group is attached to the quaternary N-atom in stereospecific (R)-configuration. In the crystal, the configurational position of the Me group at the N-atom of 2 differs from that of the crystalline free base 1. Hydrogen bonding is observed from the OH group at C(3) of 2 to the Cl- anion or to the Cl-atom of an adjacent cation.

Additional Material: 2 Ill.