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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in tongue tissues from AIDS autopsies without clinical evidence of oral hairy leukoplakia (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 24 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA was detected by in situ hybridization at 3 sites of 30 samples taken from clinically normal lateral border of tongue mucosa from 15 AIDS autopsies and in none of 20 samples from 10 controls. The first positive case showed a thin layer of parakeratosis correlated with positive signals for EBV in one area and an adjacent area without obvious parakeratosis was also positive for EBV. These findings were present on both sides of the tongue. The second case was unilaterally positive for EBV and parakeratosis was absent. The hybridization signals were localised to koilocyte-like cells in the stratum spinosum, as in oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL). These observations suggest that the in situ hybridization technique can detect very early or subclinical OHL, and supports the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of this lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01149.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rapid microwave-in situ hybridization method for the definitive diagnosis of oral hairy leukoplakia: comparison with immunohistochemistry (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 25 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: As a diagnostic technique, in situ hybridization requires a long processing time, a degree of expertise and may he difficult to handle routinely in some laboratories. To simplify the in situ hybridization method, we have modified a microwave in situ hybridization technique and applied it to oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) biopsies obtained from 10 HIV-seropositive patients (definitively diagnosed by a conventional in situ hybridization technique) with appropriate controls. It was neccessary to design a novel chamber to avoid drying of sections during the hybridization step. This modified microwave in situ hybridization technique was equispecific and equisensitive to the conventional technique and it shortens the hybridization time from overnight incubation to 14 minutes. To determine the sensitivity of our microwave in situ hybridization method we applied it to previously documented tongue tissue obtained from an AIDS autopsy without clinical evidence of OHL. but found to contain Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by conventional in situ hybridization. This tissue specimen acted as a low EBV copy number, positive control. The sensitivity of immunohistochemistry using three different commercial detection kits was compared to that of in situ hybridization on the same tissues, following optimisation steps. This included the use of 2 cycles of primary and biotinylated secondary antibodies (antibody double cycling). Clearly positive signals for EBV were detected in all OHL biopsies with the Vectastain Elite ABC and the Histostain-SP kits. The sensitivity of the three commercial detection kits was evaluated at immunohistochemistry level by their application to the low-EBV copy number positive control specimen. Signals for EBV antigen in the low copy number positive control specimen were obtained only with the Vectastain Elite ABC kit. This indicates that, in this application, use of the Vectastain Elite ABC kit gives comparable sensitivity for immunohistochemistry to that found by in situ hybridiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1996.tb00215.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    History, economic history and the numbers game (1995)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @historical journal 38 (1995), S. 635-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-246X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X0002001X
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen availability to grain sorghum from organic and inorganic sources on sandy and clayey soil surfaces in a greenhouse pot study (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 21 (1996), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: 15N transformations ; Crop residues ; Soil texture ; Soil aggregation ; Microbial pool ; Microbial biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In a greenhouse pot study, we examined the availability of N to grain sorghum from organic and inorganic N sources. The treatments were15N-labeled clover residues, wheat residues, and fertilizer placed on a sandy clay loam and loamy sand soil surface for an 8-week period. Soil aggregates formed under each soil texture were measured after 8 weeks for each treatment. Significantly greater 15N was taken up and recovered by grain sorghum in sandy clay loam pots compared with loamy sand pots. Greater 15N recovery was consistently observed with the inorganic source than the organic sources regardless of soil texture or time. Microbial biomass C and N were significantly greater for sandy clay loam soil compared with the loamy sand. Microbial biomass 15N was also significantly greater in the sandy clay loam treatment compared to the loamy sand. The fertilizer treatment initially had the greatest pool of microbial biomass 15N but decreased with time. The crop residue treatments generally had less microbial biomass 15N with time. The crop residues and soil texture had a significant effect on the water-stable aggregates formed after 8 weeks of treatments. Significantly greater water-stable aggregates were formed in the sandy clay loam than the loamy sand. Approximately 20% greater water-stable aggregates were formed under the crop residue treatments compared to the fertilizer only treatment. Soil texture seemed to be one of the most important factors affecting the availability of N from organic or inorganic N sources in these soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334903
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics of Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) in different agricultural systems (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 25 (1997), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Enchytraeidae ; Population dynamics ; Soil moisture ; Soil management ; Vertical distribution ; Conventional tillage ; No-tillage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Organic matter and abiotic conditions seem to influence distribution patterns of Enchytraeidae. In this study effects of changes in management practices on population dynamics of enchytraeids were determined. At two sites (in Athens and Griffin, GA) parts of a fescue (FE) field were converted into conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) plots and changes in densities and depth distribution of enchytraeids were followed for 3 years. A site at Watkinsville, containing various soil textures and characterised by very low organic carbon content, which was converted into no-tillage 4 years earlier, was also sampled. Significant reductions in enchytraeid densities, after conversion of fescue into CT, were only found at Griffin. The management practices affected the vertical distribution of enchytraeids. In fescue and NT more enchytraeids were found in the 0–5cm than in the 5–15cm layer. In conventional tillage fields enchytraeids were more evenly distributed over the profile or more abundant in the 5–15cm layer. Management also affected the timing of population dynamics in the different plots. At two sample dates high abundances were found in CT plots only, not in any of the other plots. Enchytraeids were larger at Athens than at Griffin and Watkinsville and contained more soil particles in their gut. At Athens enchytraeids will presumably contribute more to the development of soil structure than at the other sites. We conclude that management affects vertical enchytraeid distributions in soil and changes the timing of population dynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050291
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A chemistry home page on the World Wide Web (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 357 (1997), S. 209-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In this article a brief overview of the World Wide Web (WWW) is given, with some examples of the kind of information and services pertaining to analytical chemistry that can be found there. An existing WWW site that has been set up for analytical chemists is used as a case in point. The article concludes with a brief look at some of the issues raised by publishing on the Internet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050140
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Earthworms and enchytraeids in conventional and no-tillage agroecosystems: A biocide approach to assess their role in organic matter breakdown (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 10 (1990), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Earthworm ; Enchytraeid ; Tillage ; Organic matter ; Biocide ; Agroecosystems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Earthworm and enchytraeid densities and biomass were sampled over an 18-month period in conventional and no-tillage agroecosystems. Overall, earthworm densities and biomass in the no-till system were 70% greater than under conventional tilling, and enchytraeid densities and biomass in the no-till system were 50%–60% greater. To assess the role of annelids in the breakdown of soil organic matter, carbofuran was applied to field enclosures and target (earthworm and enchytraeid biomass, standing stocks of organic matter) and non-target effects (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematode and microarthropod densities, litter decay rates, plant biomass) were determined in two 10-month studies. In the winter-fall study, carbofuran reduced the annelid biomass, and total soil organic matter standing stocks were 47% greater under no-till with carbofuran compared to control enclosures. Twelve percent of the difference could have been due to non-target effects of carbofuran, as determined from litterbag decay rates. In the summer-spring study, carbofuran again significantly reduced the annelid biomass, and treated pens in the no-till area had significantly greater standing stocks of fine organic matter (43%–45%). Although the densities of bacteria and nematodes were reduced in carbofuran-treated litterbags under a no-till system, the rates of decay were not reduced and estimates of the amount of organic matter processed could not be adjusted for non-target effects. A 76% difference in the standing stock of coarse organic matter between control and carbofuran-treated pens in the conventional-till system indicated further non-target effects. We concluded that our estimates of the amount of organic matter processed by annelids in no-till and conventionally tilled agroecosystems represented a maximum potential because of the confounding non-target effects of carbofuran.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336117
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution and abundance of soil nematodes in East African savannas (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 12 (1991), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nematodes ; Microbivores ; Savannas ; Detrital food webs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nematodes were sampled from sites under and between tree canopies in Tsavo National Park, Kenya. We tested the hypothesis that more nematodes would be present in the generally moister soil, under the canopy, with a larger biomass of green grass prevailing for many months of the year. We found that microbivorous nematodes comprised the bulk of the populations, approximately 90% of the total. Bacterivores were more numerous (approximately 3×105 on average) versus fungivores (approximately 5×104 on average) per m2, to 10 cm depth. All four trophic groups (plant parasites and omnivore/predators in addition to the microbivore groups mentioned above) were significantly higher under acacia than baobab in a drier site, but not significantly different under the two tree species in a wetter site. Only bacterivores were significantly different with respect to distance from the tree, with higher numbers associated with the higher microbial biomasses under the tree canopies. These higher microbial biomasses were reflected in 2.5 times more potentially mineralizable N under the tree canopies at the drier site. We suggest that belowground detrital and microbivorous food webs in savannas may be similar to those in temperate grasslands. Further proof of this idea awaits more extensive research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369390
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil biology, soil ecology, and global change (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 14 (1992), S. 104-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Global change ; Scaling ; Hierarchies ; Soil organisms ; Soil processes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This overview paper addresses aspects of scaling in space and time, and scaling in relation to micro-and macrohabitats. Ecological processes in soils are examined for possible generalizations about processes and organisms, across a wide range of different habitats. Problems of scaling in space and time that have an important impact on processes associated with global change are outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336258
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen availability to grain sorghum from organic and inorganic sources on sandy and clayey soil surfaces in a greenhouse pot study (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 21 (1996), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words15N transformations ; Crop residues ; Soil texture ; Soil aggregation ; Microbial pool ; Microbial biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In a greenhouse pot study, we examined the availability of N to grain sorghum from organic and inorganic N sources. The treatments were 15N-labeled clover residues, wheat residues, and fertilizer placed on a sandy clay loam and loamy sand soil surface for an 8-week period. Soil aggregates formed under each soil texture were measured after 8 weeks for each treatment. Significantly greater 15N was taken up and recovered by grain sorghum in sandy clay loam pots compared with loamy sand pots. Greater 15N recovery was consistently observed with the inorganic source than the organic sources regardless of soil texture or time. Microbial biomass C and N were significantly greater for sandy clay loam soil compared with the loamy sand. Microbial biomass 15N was also significantly greater in the sandy clay loam treatment compared to the loamy sand. The fertilizer treatment initially had the greatest pool of microbial biomass 15N but decreased with time. The crop residue treatments generally had less microbial biomass 15N with time. The crop residues and soil texture had a significant effect on the water-stable aggregates formed after 8 weeks of treatments. Significantly greater water-stable aggregates were formed in the sandy clay loam than the loamy sand. Approximately 20% greater water-stable aggregates were formed under the crop residue treatments compared to the fertilizer only treatment. Soil texture seemed to be one of the most important factors affecting the availability of N from organic or inorganic N sources in these soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334903
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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