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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave ponderomotive forces in solid-state ionic plasmas : The 39th annual meeting of division of plasma physics of APS (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 1664-1670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Numerous observations have been reported in the literature of enhanced mass transport and solid-state reaction rates during microwave heating of a variety of ceramic, glass, and polymer materials. An explanation for these controversial observations has eluded researchers for over a decade. This paper describes a series of recent experimental and theoretical investigations that provide an explanation for these intriguing observations in terms of ponderomotive forces acting on mobile ionic species. The ponderomotive phenomenon, like its conventional-plasma analog, can be described in the continuum model limit by combining the continuity, Poisson's, and transport equations. However, the solid-state plasma version typically manifests as a result of gradients in mobile charge mobility (e.g., near physical surfaces or interfaces), whereas the conventional plasma ponderomotive transport is typically a consequence of gradients in the radiation field intensity. Both cases can be captured in a single, general, mathematical articulation developed in terms of the mobile particle fluxes. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872835
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel method for measuring intense microwave radiation effects on ionic transport in ceramic materials (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 3606-3609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Many experimenters over the past few years have observed rate enhancements when using microwave processing compared to conventional processing. The results have remained somewhat controversial because the driving forces are not constant throughout the experiments and because of the possibility of inaccurate temperature measurement. This paper describes a different experimental approach that avoids the pitfalls of the previous experiments. Specifically, the alternative approach involves fixed driving forces and short duration experiments. Reliable and accurate knowledge of the sample temperature is ensured by restricting the amount of microwave heating to negligible levels and using conventional ohmic heating to control temperature. This approach has allowed us to confirm the presence of a "microwave effect'' on kinetic processes in ionic ceramic materials. With this configuration, many further experiments are possible with different materials and conditions. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145476
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pain following craniotomy: a preliminary study comparing PCA morphine with intramuscular codeine phosphate (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have performed a prospective randomised trial of 30 patients undergoing craniotomy to compare intramuscular codeine phosphate with patient-controlled analgesia using morphine 1 mg bolus with a 10-min lockout and no background infusion. For 24 h postoperatively, pain, nausea, Glasgow coma score, respiratory rate and sedation score were assessed. There was a wide variation in the amounts of morphine requested by the patients in the patient-controlled analgesia group in the first 24 h postoperatively (range 2–79 mg, median 17 mg). There was a small, but non-significant, reduction in pain scores in the patient-controlled analgesia group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in respect of nausea and vomiting, sedation score or respiratory rate. No major adverse effects were noted in either group. Patient-controlled analgesia with morphine is an alternative to intramuscular codeine phosphate in neurosurgical patients which merits further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb15065.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nature of pre-operative anxiety (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 45 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a study of 247 patients who had general anaesthesia for dental procedures, the incidence of individual anxieties was noted using a questionnaire completed by the patient. The most common anxieties related to the period before transfer to the operating theatre, intra-operative awareness and postoperative pain. These anxieties were present in over half the patients questioned. The follow-up questionnaire was completed by 207 patients in order to indicate which anxieties they would expect to have if they needed anaesthesia in the future. All anxieties were less frequent than found before operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14285.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use and safety of percutaneous tracheostomy in intensive careReport of a postal survey of ICU practice (1998)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A brief questionnaire was sent to 231 clinical directors of intensive care units in England and Wales to investigate the use of percutaneous tracheostomy. There was a 76% response rate. Percutaneous tracheostomies were in use in 78.4% of units. The Ciaglia technique was the most commonly used, with 31.3% routinely using fibreoscopy as part of their technique. Only 12% of units routinely provided long-term follow up of their percutaneous tracheostomies. Overall, 78.4% thought that percutaneous tracheostomy was safe and 66.7% considered percutaneous tracheostomy to be the technique of choice for Intensive Care patients. Percutaneous tracheostomy is now a well-established technique. However, the limited use of fibreoscopy and the lack of long-term follow-up are areas of concern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00579.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Case report of common variable immunodeficiency with functional T-helper defect and reduced CD4+ LAM−1 T cells (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 2 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 10 year-old boy presenting with an empyema and a previous medical history of recurrent and disseminated infections was investigated immunologically. The serum immunoelectrophoresis showed hypogammaglobulinaemia. The in vitro lymphocyte proliferation to T-cell mitogens (PHA and Con A) was diminished and the response to a T-dependent B cell mitogen (PWM) was severely diminished. Phenotypic analysis of his lymphocytes with monoclonal antibodies revealed normal CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells with a normal CD4: CD8 ratio. Double immunofluorescence with Leu 8 antibody revealed a selective deficiency of the CD4+ LAM 1− subset. Co-culture experiments between patient's B cells and supernatants from normal T cells showed that the patient's B cells could secrete Ig in vitro. We suggest that the Leu 8 monoclonal antibody may be useful in defining abnormalities in the regulatory subsets of T lymphocytes and that these abnormalities may be relevant in the pathogenesis of common variable immunodeficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00206.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of virulence of isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis from Africa and South America (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The virulences of three isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis from West Africa were compared with that of a Brazilian isolate. The Brazilian strain was more virulent and caused disease in all oil-palm lines tested, even those which had been selected for resistance to, and were generally unaffected by, African strains. Differential interactions between hosts and isolates of the pathogen could have serious implications for selection of breeding material and for the extension of oil-palm cultivation in South America.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb01487.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host specialization of Verticillium dahliae, with emphasis on isolates from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Isolates of Verticillium dahliae from cocoa (four Brazilian and one Ugandan) were screened against cocoa, aubergine, tomato, cotton, and pepper. Isolates originating from hosts other than cocoa were also inoculated. In general, all inoculated crops were systemically invaded by isolates from cocoa. Isolates from each host tended to be more aggressive on their original host. All isolates from cocoa were pathogenic to cocoa, but exhibited various degrees of aggressiveness to other crops. They induced severe symptoms on aubergine, but few symptoms on tomato, although colonization occurred up to the stem apex in both cases. Likewise, symptomless invasion of pepper was found with some Brazilian isolates. The Ugandan isolate was significantly more aggressive on cotton and pepper than the Brazilian isolates.A Brazilian isolate from cocoa from the State of Bahia was also used to inoculate 12 common weed species from the same geographical area. Four species showed wilt symptoms, while V. dahliae was readily recovered from the stems of a further four species. The role of alternative hosts on disease spread in cocoa growing areas is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb00559.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics of Fusarium species on oil palm seeds following chemical and heat treatments (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis may be present naturally on or within oil palm seeds, thus there is a risk of introducing the disease into previously wilt-free regions. A low proportion of infested seed was shown to give rise to infected plants. Populations of Fusarium spp. on seeds significantly declined after routine processing to induce seed germination, but the pathogen was not eradicated. However, vacuum infiltration and soaking for 7 days with captafol effectively eradicated the pathogen. The significance of F. oxysporum on oil palm seed as a potential inoculum source is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb00568.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical evaluation of doxacurium chloride (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Doxacurium was administered to 50 adult patients for determination of potency (n = 10), onset and duration of clinical relaxation (n = 40). Cumulative dose-response showed the ED95 to be 33.24 μg.kg−1 (95% confidence limits 27.4–39.3). Doxacurium 33 μg.kg−1 was then administered to four groups of 10 patients each who had anaesthesia maintained with either fentanyl-droperidol or halothane and nerve stimulation carried out with single-twitch stimulation at 0.1 Hz or train-of-four stimulation at 2 Hz every 12 s. The onset and duration showed wide individual variation. The mean (SD) times to occurrence of maximal block were 8.5 (4.6), 6.1 (1.9), 6.7 (1.8) and 4.7 (1.3) min in the single twitch-fentanyl, train-of-four-fentanyl, single twitch-halothane and train-of-four-halothane groups respectively, although it ranged from 3.4 to 13.1 min in individual patients. The mean (SD) durations of clinical relaxation (recovery of single twitch or first response in train-of-four to 25%) were 65 (22.8), 52 (21.7), 70 (33.4) and 72 (21.0) min respectively with individual values ranging from 31 to 103 min. Although halothane administration increased the duration of clinical relaxation and train-of-four stimulation accelerated the onset of effect, the changes due to these were not significant. There were no adverse effects on heart rate or indirectly measured arterial pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02322.x
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