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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Study of the Barium-sensitive and -insensitive Components of the Action of Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone on Lumbar Motoneurons of the Rat Isolated Spinal Cord (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 5 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The electrophysiological action of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on rat spinal motoneurons was studied in vitro using single-electrode voltage- and current-clamp techniques. In current-clamp conditions TRH elicited a slowly developing depolarization, associated with a large input resistance increase and sustained neuronal firing; the primary metabolites of TRH were ineffective. Under voltage-clamp conditions in the presence of tetrodotoxin, TRH evoked a large inward current (ITRH; peaking at approximately –40 mV) associated with a large input conductance fall. Only 44% of cells displayed ITRH reversal; when the chord conductance values of these cells were plotted against membrane potential, a bell-shaped relation occurred, indicating voltage-dependent block by TRH of a persistent conductance active over a wide range of membrane potentials. ITRH reversal values were shifted to more positive levels in high K+ solution in Nernstian fashion; hence a large proportion of the TRH response is suggested to be mediated by the block of a K+ conductance (IK(T)). IK(T) (and its voltage-dependent block by TRH) was resistant to certain K+ channel antagonists (tetraethylammonium, Cs+, 4-aminopyridine or apamin), but was depressed by Ba2+. The Ba2+-resistant fraction of ITRH was attenuated by Cd2+, Mn2+ or Co2+, indicating that it probably involved a Ca2+-sensitive inward current. Concomitant application of Ba2+ and Cd2+ induced a near-total block of the response to TRH. It is suggested that suppression of IK(T), associated with the onset of a Ca2+-sensitive current, can explain the excitatory effect of TRH on rat spinal motoneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00922.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of stratum corneum ceramides and lipid envelope ceramides in the hereditary ichthyoses (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 131 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ceramides (sphingolipids) are the main polar lipids of the stratum corneum and play an important role in skin barrier function, cell adhesion and epidermal differentiation. In view of the function of ceramides in normal skin, this study aimed to assess their levels in patients with various types of hereditary ichthyosis, in which epidermal homeostasis is markedly abnormal. Stratum corneum samples were collected from 80 patients and 23 normal controls, and the intercellular and lipid envelope ceramides were analysed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. The covalently bound ceramides (ceramides A and B) of the lipid envelope were present in all patients studied, and showed no significant differences from control samples. Total ceramides (ceramides 1–6) were decreased in bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma, which is presumably a secondary phenomenon similar to that seen in patients with atopic dermatitis. Patients with non-erythrodermic lamellar ichthyosis showed a marked decrease in levels of the important acylceramide, ceramide 1, whereas those with other types of autosomal recessive ichthyosis (limited lamellar ichthyosis and non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma) had mean levels similar to the controls. Ceramide 1 deficiency may therefore define a subgroup within the autosomal recessive ichthyoses. Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) shows a deficiency of both acyl-ceramides (ceramides 1 and 6), which would seem likely to disrupt the normal skin barrier function. Furthermore, glucosyl-ceramides (cerebrosides) are known to be deficient in the neural tissue of patients with SLS. The relationship of these ceramide abnormalities to the underlying fatty alcohol oxidoreductase defect remains uncertain, but they may provide an interesting link between the nerve damage and cutaneous abnormalities seen in this rare neurodermatosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08452.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of n-alkanes in stratum corneum in the hereditary ichthyoses (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 127 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chromatographic assay of n-alkanes in skin showed detectable levels in normal controls and in patients with various forms of hereditary ichthyosis. Raised n-alkanes were found in some, but not all, patients with non-bullous and bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma and in individual patients with lamellar ichthyosis, ichthyosis vulgaris and Netherton's syndrome.The finding of elevated scale n-alkanes is neither consistent in ichthyosis, nor specific to any one type of ichthyosis, and n-alkane assay is not helpful in distinguishing one type of hereditary ichthyosis from another. The source of n-alkanes in ichthyotic scale and their role, if any, in the pathogenesis of ichthyosis remain obscure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb08038.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The quantification of free sphingosine in the stratum corneum of patients with hereditary ichthyosis (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 129 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sphingosine is a long-chain base which provides the back-bone of all sphingolipid molecules. Free sphingosine is found in normal epidermis, especially in the stratum corneum. As a free molecule it may modify epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation through its inhibition of protein kinase C. Using a thin-layer chromatography technique we have demonstrated in vitro that the erythrodermic ichthyoses show significantly lower levels of stratum corneum sphingosine than the non-erythrodermic types. The exact in vivo significance of this finding is unclear, but free sphingosine may have an important role in determining the inflammatory component of the hereditary ichthyoses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03161.x
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  • 5
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    'The Queenes Courte in her Councell Chamber at Westminster' (1993)
    Harlow, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    English Historical Review. 108:427 (1993:Apr.) 314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0013-8266
    Topics: History
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:0027-1993-108-27-000002
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple Personalities and Dionysiac Festivals: Dicaeopolis in Aristophanes' Acharnians (1993)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Greece and Rome 40 (1993), S. 31-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0017-3835
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Archaeology , Classical Studies
    Notes: A great deal has been written recently on Aristophanes, and the Achamians in particular; inevitably, this has not produced agreement on how to interpret the plays. Among the questions to which different answers are still being given, and probably always will be, are the following: How far did Aristophanes seek to persuade the Athenians of his own political views, whatever they may have been? If there was a conflict between the presentation of his political views and the development of comic inventions or the desire to win the prize, which took precedence? Did the Athenians expect serious political persuasion in their comedies, and was Aristophanes innovative or traditional in these respects? More particularly, what were Aristophanes' attitudes to the Peloponnesian War? Did they change? How far did he seek to push a particular view in favour of making peace in any of the surviving three so-called peace plays?
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0017383500022579
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    McCarthy, George E.: Marx and the Ancients: Classical Ethics, Social Justice and Nineteenth-Century Political Economy : Savage, MD, Rowman and Littlefield, 1990 (1994)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @classical review 44 (1994), S. 219-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-840X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Classical Studies
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0009840X00291531
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    McKechnie, PaulGarlan, Yvon: Outsiders in the Greek Cities in the Fourth Century BC.Guerre et économie en Grèce ancienne : London and New York, Routledge, 1989Paris, Editions la découverte, 1989 (1991)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @classical review 41 (1991), S. 394-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-840X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Classical Studies
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0009840X00280645
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature effects on accumulation and retention of radionuclides in the sea star, Asterias forbesi: implications for contaminated northern waters (1996)
    Springer
    Marine biology 125 (1996), S. 701-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Radioactive waste disposal and nuclear testing concentrated in high latitudes in the northern hemisphere have resulted in the accumulation of radionuclides in Arctic marine ecosystems, but little is known of the consequences for marine biota in these waters. Under controlled laboratory conditions in May through September 1994, we examined the bioaccumulation in sea stars, Asterias forbesi (Desor), or the radionuclides 241Am, 57Co and 137Cs, all of which are important components of disposed radioactive wastes. Experiments at 2 and 12°C determined the relative importance of food (the bivalve, Macoma balthica) and water as sources of radionuclides and assessed the influence of temperature on radionuclide influx and efflux rates. The lower temperature greatly increased the retention of radionuclides ingested with food; for instance, the biological half-life (tb 1/2) of 241Am in the sea stars was 31 d at 12°C, but was virtually infinite at 2°C. Retention of ingested 57Co was also increased at 2°C (tb 1/2=41 d). 137Cs was not accumulated from food. Low temperature significantly reduced net influx rates of 137Cs from water, but did not affect net uptake of 241Am or 57Co. Temperature had little effect on the retention of all three isotopes obtained from the dissolved phase. These experiments suggest that extrapolation of results of previous radioecological studies, conducted at warmer temperatures, to polar or temperate winter environments may be problematic, and that nuclear waste isotopes obtained through trophic transfer may be retained far more efficiently in high latitude marine biota than by fauna from warmer ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349252
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assimilation of trace elements by the mussel Mytilus edulis: effects of diatom chemical composition (1996)
    Springer
    Marine biology 125 (1996), S. 715-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mussels have been widely used as bioindicators of coastal contamination, and recent reports have demonstrated that metals are accumulated from both the dissolved phase and from ingested food. In the winter and spring of 1995, we examined the influence of the chemical composition of food (protein content, trace element concentrations and ratios in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudomana) on the assimilation of six trace elements (Ag, Am, Cd, Co, Se and Zn) in the mussel Mytilus edulis (L.). Differences of up to 38% in diatom protein content had no major influence on the assimilation of any trace element or carbon. Protein assimilation in M. edulis examined with a 35S radiotracer was also independent of protein content in the diatoms. Similarly, Se assimilation in mussels was not affected by the different Se concentrations in the diatoms. Cd assimilation increased with increasing Cd concentration, presumably due to higher desorption of Cd under acidic conditions typical of the mussel gut. Zn assimilation was inversely related to Zn concentration in the food particles, implying a partial regulation of this metal in the mussels. There was no evidence of any interaction of Cd and Zn in their assimilation by the mussels. These results suggest that mussels are highly responsive, in an element-specific way, to some components of ingested food (e.g., metal concentration), but other food components (such as the biochemical composition of the algae) have little effect on assimilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349254
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