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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patients with insulinoma show insulin resistance in the absence of arterial hypertension (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 294-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400934
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hypotonic effect of intranasal and intravenous glucagon in gastrointestinal radiology (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 44-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Gastrointestinal tract, motility-Glucagon, applications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the present study, following a double-blind, double placebo protocol vs. placebo, we compared the hypotonic effect of intranasal and intravenous glucagon during a double-contrast barium meal examination of the stomach. We found a statistically significant difference between placebo and intranasal or intravenous glucagon in inducing gastric hypomotility, with no significant differences between IN and IV glucagon. The intranasal administration of glucagon has the advantage of being noninvasive and well tolerated by the patients, and might be a valuable aid in upper gastrointestinal examination as well as in CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199643
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acipimox-induced facial skin flush: Frequency, thermographic evaluation and relationship to plasma acipimox level (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 145-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Acipimox ; Skin flush ; healthy volunteers plasma level
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Facial skin flush is the most frequent adverse effect induced by acipimox (ACX), a nicotinic acid analogue used in the management of hyperlipidaemia. The aims of the study were to evaluate the frequency, magnitude and reproducibility of the ACX flush in previously unexposed healthy subjects and to assess any possible relationship with the dose and plasma level of ACX. Seventy four healthy subjects received, on two different mornings, ACX 250 mg and placebo (P), according to a single blind, randomized, cross-over design; 33 had a clear flush after ACX and not after P.25 of those subjects were retested on five different mornings, with P, and with ACX 31.2, 62.5, 125.0, 250.0 mg, according to a double blind, randomized, cross-over design. Any increase in the local skin temperature was recorded by a thermocouple fixed to the left check. Subjective and objective assessment of the flush were strongly correlated with thermographic recordings. They indicated that a 120 min flush occurred after doses of ACX 〉 62.5 mg. In 12 of the 25 subjects, 6 with the highest and 6 with the lowest thermographic recordings, plasma ACX levels were determined. Subjects with different thermographic records had superimposable plasma ACX levels after all doses of ACX. Only the 6 subjects with the highest skin temperatures showed a significant relationship between the thermographic record and the plasma ACX. The data indicate that flush is a frequent, reproducible and dose-related adverse effect of ACX.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740661
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of intranasal, intramuscular and intravenous glucagon in healthy subjects and diabetic patients (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 45 (1993), S. 555-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Glucagon ; pharmacokinetics ; i.v. infusion ; intranasal spray ; intramuscular administration ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of intranasal, an intravenous infusion, and intramuscular glucagon has been studied in 5 healthy subjects and 11 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. After infusion the elimination half-life was significantly longer in diabetics (11.9 vs 6.6 min) and the apparent volume of distribution was twice as high in diabetics (0.19 vs 0.37 l·kg−1). The metabolic clearance rates were the same in the two groups (18.9 and 21.3 ml·min−1·kg−1 in controls and in diabetics) and were about twice those previously reported. After 1 mg intranasally the Cmax of immunoractive glucagon (IRG) was similar in diabetic and in healthy subjects. Administration of a higher dose (2 mg) to diabetic patients produced a higher plasma level, although not proportionately so. The AUC after 1 mg was also similar in controls and in diabetics. The elimination half-life in both groups was similar to the value found after IV infusion; it was significantly shorter in controls (5.5 min) than in diabetics (13.8 min). In both groups, mean Cmax was significantly lower than after IM glucagon, the relative bioavailability of 1 mg intranasally vs IM injection being less than 30%. After IM administration, the Cmax and AUC of IRG in controls and in diabetic patients, were identical. The apparent elimination half-life was also similar in the two groups, and was three- to four-times longer (28.6 and 31.4 min) than after infusion or intranasal administration, possibly because estimation of the t1/2 was affected by slow release of the hormone from the site of injection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315314
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute effect of glipizide on glucose tolerance in obesity and diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 40 (1991), S. 23-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Glipizide ; insulin ; c peptide ; obesity ; sulphonylureas ; glucose tolerance ; diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The attempt has been made to identity the lowest dose of glipizide, a second generation sulphonylurea, capable of improving glucose tolerance in overweight and obese subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance. Thirty one obese subjects, 12 with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), 9 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 10 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) each underwent four OGTTS (75 g), at 1 week intervals, after administration in random order of placebo or glipizide 0.5, 1.0 or 2.5 mg 30 min before glucose. Glucose tolerance in all groups was progressively improved by the increasing doses of glipizide and was normalized by 1.0 mg glipizide in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and by 2.5 mg glipizide in NIDDM. Insulin release was not significantly affected by glipizide in the three groups of subjects. The data indicate that it is possible, at least in acute experiments, to improve glucose tolerance in overweight and obese subjects with IGT, with NGT and with NIDDM, with doses of glipizide that do not affect insulin release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315134
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sixth International Milano Meeting on Diabetes Scientific Institute H. San Raffaele, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, 21–23 March, 1996 (1996)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 33 (1996), S. 171-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02048537
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sixth International Milano Meeting on Diabetes Scientific Institute H. San Raffaele, University of Milan, Medical School, Milan, 21–23 March, 1996 (1996)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 33 (1996), S. 249-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571557
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sixth International Milano Meeting on Diabetes Scientific Institute H. San Raffaele, University of Milan, Medical School, Milan, 21–23 March, 1996 (1996)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 33 (1996), S. 249-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571557
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Markers of insulin resistance are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and predict overall mortality in long-standing non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1998)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 35 (1998), S. 52-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Key words Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; Epidemiology ; Oral hypoglycemic agents ; Insulin resistance ; Coronary heart disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of endogenous insulin levels and of insulin administration on coronary heart disease (CHD) and on mortality in a cohort of patients with long-standing non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2). In a cross-sectional study, 93 patients (known duration 17±8 years, mean±SD) with poor metabolic control (glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1c 9.3%±2.09%) were evaluated for CHD, for insulin release (C-peptide), for clinical and metabolic parameters including body mass index (BMI), smoking habits, arterial blood pressure (BP), blood lipids, kidney function, and proteinuria. Life status was ascertained 5 years later by direct examination or through death certificates. At entry, 54 out of 93 patients had CHD; after 5 years, 25 patients had died. Comparisons performed on patients of the same age range showed that patients with CHD (34 vs 24) had a greater BMI, higher diastolic BP, higher creatinine, triglyceride and uric acid levels, and higher fasting and i.v. glucagon-stimulated C-peptide release. By logistic stepwise regression analysis, fasting C-peptide and triglycerides were independently associated with CHD. In the follow-up study, surviving patients (39 vs 19) showed at baseline lower triglyceride and creatinine levels, were less frequently affected by CHD, and received lower doses of insulin; by logistic stepwise regression analysis, presence of CHD, dose of insulin, and creatinine levels were independent risk factors for mortality. These data indicate that in patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes mellitus and poor metabolic control, CHD and overall mortality are related to insulin release and to insulin administration, suggesting that markers of insulin resistance represent additional risk factors for CHD and for mortality. Reduction of insulin resistance, together with achievement of good metabolic control, might prevent morbidity and mortality in long-standing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005920050101
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotinamide improves insulin secretion and metabolic control in lean type 2 diabetic patients with secondary failure to sulphonylureas (1998)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 35 (1998), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Key words Nicotinamide ; Sulphonylurea ; Secondary failure ; C-peptide release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eighteen patients with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus of normal body weight [body mass index (BMI) 〈25 kg/m2] without signs of autoimmunity [negative for islet cell antibodies (ICA)], with secondary failure of sulphonylureas, defined as persistent hyperglycaemia in spite of maximal doses of sulphonylureas, were evaluated for C-peptide release under basal conditions and 6 min after i.v. glucagon, for glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and for fasting and mean daily blood glucose levels. They entered a 6-month, single-blind study in which they were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: (1) insulin plus nicotinamide (group 1, 0.5 g, three tablets/day); (2) insulin plus placebo (group 2, 3 tablets/day); (3) current sulphonylureas plus nicotinamide (group 3, 0.5 g, three tablets/day). They were re-evaluated for C-peptide, HbA1c, and fasting and mean daily blood glucose levels after 6 months. Compared with group 2, C-peptide release increased in both groups 1 and 3, while HbA1c, fasting and mean daily blood glucose levels improved in the three groups to the same extent. With multiple regression analysis, nicotinamide administration was the only significant factor for the improvement of C-peptide release. These data indicate that nicotinamide improves C-peptide release in type 2 diabetic patients with secondary failure of sulphonylureas, leading to a metabolic control similar to patients treated with insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005920050103
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