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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flux pinning by a-axis grains in c-axis-oriented Y-Ba-Cu-O films (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 2686-2688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the relationship between the microstructures and pinning forces by measuring the magnetic-field dependence and angular dependence of Jc in several kinds of YBCO thin films having different microstructures. A high-Jc value was kept even when the magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the film plane in the case of a c-axis-oriented film which was studded with a-axis-oriented grains. The boundaries between the a-axis-oriented grain and the c-axis-oriented grain are considered to be effective as pinning centers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107471
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct observation of polymer gel surfaces by atomic force microscopy (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 1751-1757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report here, for the first time, the direct observation of the submicron structure of gel surfaces in water by using an atomic force microscope (AFM). We present also its change in response to external stimuli; we investigated, among the variables that affect the topography of the gel surface, the effect of the network density of poly(acrylamide) gels and the effect of the temperature change of poly N-isopropylacrylamide gels. Gels were prepared with disklike shape of thickness ranging from 10 to 50 μm, and one of the gel surfaces was chemically adhered onto a glass plate. Spongelike domains of submicrometer scale were found here on the gel surfaces, which was strongly affected by the cross-linking density (nature of the gel network) as well as the osmotic pressure (environmental condition), and also thickness (condition of constraint). The qualitative properties of the surface microscopic structure of gels are discussed in relation to a hypothetical model of two-dimensional gels based on the Flory–Huggins theory. These results disclose that the surface microstructures of polymer gels in solvent as well as the nanometer scale structural changes are associated with the gel phase transition. Moreover, they indicate that the potential for a new technology to control the domain size of the gel surface as well as its function by external stimuli could emerge, which would find a variety of applications in many fields, such as engineering, medicine, and biology. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.470760
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amplification and detection of the VNTR locus D4S95 in a Japanese population (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 108 (1995), S. 43-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Forensic identification ; VNTR polymorphisms ; D4S95 ; PCR ; Population genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract The D4S95-VNTR locus was amplified and the polymorphism analysed in a population sample of 169 randomly selected Japanese individuals. A total of 14 alleles containing 850–1360 base pairs were distinguished by agarose gel electrophoresis. The distribution of alleles was symmetrical with respect to one peak at 1030 bp. The mean exclusion chance and discrimination power were calculated as 0.604 and 0.876 respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01845617
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanically Alloyed Ods Steel & Ni-Base Superalloys - A Study of Directional Recrystallisatin Using DSC - (1992)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 88-90 (Jan. 1992), p. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/21/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.88-90.213.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Galactosialidosis: neuropathological findings in a case of the late-infantile type (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 331-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Galactosialidosis ; Neuronal storage disease ; Neuropathology ; Ultrastructure ; Neuronal loss
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neuropathological findings in a 13-year-old Japanese male showing decrease of sialidase and β-galactosidase activities are reported. The patient was the product of normal pregnancy to consanguineous parents. He started to sit at 8 months, stand at 20 months and walk at the age of 2; mental retardation, visual disturbance, cerebellar ataxia, myoclonus and epilepsy developed by the age of 10, and he died at 13. Neuropathological investigation revealed neuronal loss and storage. Severe loss of neurons was observed in the thalamus, globus pallidus, lateral geniculate body, gracile nucleus, Purkinje and retinal ganglion cells. Marked ballooning was seen in the Betz cells and neurons in the basal forebrain, the motor neurons in the cranial nerve nuclei and spinal cord, and in the trigeminal and spinal ganglia. The storage material varied in staining from region to region and from neuron to neuron. Electron microscopic investigation revealed a variety of intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions: membranous cytoplasmic bodies, parallel, wavy-lamellar or tortuous tubular structures, lipofuscin-like irregular-shaped pleomorphic bodies, and cytoplasmic vacuoles with fine granules and lamellar materials. The severity of the neuronal loss did not seem to correlate with the amount of the storage materials, but with the presence of tortuous tubular inclusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296543
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variant Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome with the P105L prion gene mutation: an unusual case with nigral degeneration and widespread neurofibrillary tangles (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 506-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Gait apraxia ; Gerstmann-Sträussler ; syndrome ; Neurofibrillary tangles ; Substantia nigra ; Prion protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present here a case of variant Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome (GSS) with a codon 105 mutation of the prion protein gene. A 57-year-old woman developed dementia and gait disturbance dissimilar to the spastic paraparesis that is observed in most cases with codon 105 mutation. The clinical course of the disease in this case was 12 years. The brain weighed 900 g, and the frontal lobe, pallidum and thalamus were markedly atrophic. Severe neuronal loss was observed in the deep layer of the frontal and temporal cortices, and fibrillary gliosis and a marked loss of neurons was observed in the globus pallidus, thalamus and substantia nigra. Many amyloid plaques and some ballooned neurons were present in the frontal, temporal and parietal cortices. However, no spongiform changes were seen. The cerebellum was relatively well preserved. Numerous neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) were recognized in the cerebral cortices, and scattered NFTs were observed in the basal nucleus of Meynert, thalamus, substantia nigra, periaqueductal gray matter, raphe nuclei and locus ceruleus. The case presented here indicates the presence of variations in the pathological findings of cases with codon 105 mutation, and that the formation of cortical and brain stem NFTs might have something to do with the duration of illness and/or the degree of brain tissue destruction that had occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051116
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity induced by parathyroid hormone in osteoblast-like cells from the spinal hyperostotic mouse TWY (twy/twy) (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 135-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Spinal hyperostotic mouse ; Parathyroid hormone ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Osteoblast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have examined the alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity of primary calvaria-derived osteoblast-like cells from the twy (tip-toe walking Yoshimura) and normal ICR control mouse. The twy mouse displays elevated osseous formation particularly in the spine, and the pathophysiological features resemble that of human ankylosing spinal hyperostosis. In the proliferative stage of cultured bone cells, parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulation induced the elevation of AP activity of both twy and ICR mouse-derived cells. When they reached confluence, the AP activity of ICR mouse-derived cells ceased to increase with PTH stimulation. The twy mouse-derived cells, however, continued to respond to PTH, with the enzyme activity increasing even in the confluent, stationary stage. PTH stimulation also increased the intracellular cAMP content of twy mouse-derived cells but it did not influence that of ICR mouse-derived cells in the stationary stage. Moreover, stimulation with dibutyryl cAMP, but not with phorbol myristate acetate, increased the AP activity of both twy and ICR-derived bone cells irrespective of culture conditions, either in the proliferative or in the confluent stage. These data suggest that the protein kinase A-mediated pathway plays a pivotal role in bone cells with PTH stimulation, and that the uninhibited AP activity observed in twy mouse-derived bone cells might be due to some deviating process between the PTH ligand/receptor interaction and cAMP generation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296345
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I in Development of Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of the Spine (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 62 (1998), S. 158-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Ossification — Posterior longitudinal ligament — Insulin-like growth factor I — Ligament cell — Immunohistochemistry — Osteogenesis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In order to investigate the pathogenesis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the spine, we examined the distribution of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the posterior longitudinal ligaments of OPLL patients, and analyzed the effects of IGF-I on the cultured spinal ligament cells. For that purpose we established eight varieties of OPLL and non-OPLL cell lines obtained from spinal ligaments of corresponding patients, respectively. In contrast to non-OPLL cases, all the OPLL cases were histologically shown to contain round-shaped cartilage-like cells in the transitional region from preossifying to ossifying ligaments, and these cells were strongly stained with an antibody for IGF-I. In the vicinity of preossifying cartilaginous tissues, ligament cells also had a rod-like appearance and were positive for IGF-I immunohistochemically. The effects of IGF-I on cultured spinal ligament cells were assayed by alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, DNA synthesis, and the amounts of collagen produced. The number of OPLL cell lines that increased AP activity, responding to IGF-I irrespective of 1,25(OH)2D3, was significantly larger than that of non-OPLL cell lines, although IGF-I stimulated DNA and procollagen type I carboxyl-terminal peptide synthesis in most of both OPLL and non-OPLL cell lines. These data demonstrate the dominant expression of IGF-I in the posterior longitudinal ligaments of OPLL patients, and suggest that IGF-I preferentially induces osteogenic differentiation in OPLL cells rather than in non-OPLL cells. IGF-I, therefore, may be involved in the local ossification process of spinal ligaments observed in OPLL patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900410
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Stimulates Differentiation of Cultured Spinal Ligament Cells from Patients with Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 291 -296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Ossification — Posterior longitudinal ligament — Bone morphogenetic protein — Ligament cell — Alkaline phosphatase — Osteogenesis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the spine is characterized by heterotopic bone formation occurring in spinal ligament, causing severe compression myelopathy. In order to investigate the mechanism of OPLL development, we isolated spinal ligament cells from OPLL patients as well as non-OPLL patients, and established 10 OPLL cell lines and 7 non-OPLL cell lines, respectively. We analyzed the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on these cells with respect to alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, DNA synthesis, and collagen production. BMP-2 caused a significant increase of AP activity in 4 OPLL cell lines, whereas the activity did not change in any non-OPLL cells. Among OPLL cells, BMP-2 stimulated DNA synthesis in four cell lines and procollagen type I carboxyl-terminal peptide (PICP) synthesis in five cell lines. Some non-OPLL cells also responded to BMP-2, as there was an increase of DNA synthesis in three cell lines and PICP synthesis in one cell line. These data collectively indicate that BMP-2 preferentially induces osteogenic differentiation in OPLL cells rather than in non-OPLL cells. OPLL cells, therefore, exhibit a different response to BMP-2 than non-OPLL cells, suggesting that the expression of BMP receptor(s) and/or the signal transduction initiated by BMP-2 in the spinal ligament cells of OPLL patients somewhat deviate from those in normal spinal ligament cells. Such abnormal characteristics of OPLL cells as described here provide some clues to the clarification of the pathogenesis of OPLL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900231
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional Variations in the Progression of Bone Loss in Two Different Mouse Osteopenia Models (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 62 (1998), S. 426-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteopenia — Animal model — Tiptoe-walking Yoshimura (twy) mouse — Senescent ICR mouse — Bone histomorphometry.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Differences in trabecular and cortical bone loss have been demonstrated clinically, but differences in bone loss at different skeletal sites remain unclear. We examined regional variations in bone loss histomorphometrically in two strains of mice in which osteopenia progresses spontaneously: tiptoe-walking Yoshimura (twy) mice (from 4 to 37 weeks of age) and senescent ICR mice (from 4 to 88 weeks of age). Morphometrical measurements were obtained to investigate the changes with age in trabecular bone area and anterior cortical bone width in the lumbar vertebral body, trabecular bone area in the tibia, bone area in the parietal bone, and the cortical index in the humerus. Results showed that, in twy mice, trabecular turnover was higher than in ICR mice, and bone loss progressed in the following order: tibial trabecular bone, lumbar trabecular bone, parietal bone, lumbar anterior cortical bone, and the humerus. In ICR mice, bone formation declined after 60 weeks. Bone loss progressed in tibial trabecular bone and the parietal bone at 60 weeks of age, followed by lumbar trabecular bone, lumbar anterior cortical bone, and the humerus at 88 weeks of age. Bone loss varied at each site and between the two mouse strains, with different bone turnover rates. The findings of the present study indicate that special attention should be paid to regional variations in the progression of bone loss associated with differences in pathologic features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900455
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