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  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1985-1989  (1)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1925-1929
  • 1920-1924
  • 1905-1909
  • freshwaters  (2)
  • uncertainty  (2)
  • Amphibian  (1)
  • Autoreceptors  (1)
  • Birth defects  (1)
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  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1985-1989  (1)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1925-1929
  • 1920-1924
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Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Folic acid for the prevention of congenital anomalies (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 445-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Folic acid ; Neural tube defects ; Birth defects ; 5 ; 10 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ; Primary prevention
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Paediatricians need to be aware of the broad implications that sufficient maternal folic acid intake has on the wellbeing of the embryo and fetus. There is now strong evidence that adequate periconceptional maternal folic acid supplementation during critical periods of organ formation is associated with reduction in both the occurrence and recurrence of neural tube defects, congenital heart defects (particularly conotruncal heart defects), obstructive urinary tract anomalies, limb deficiencies, orofacial clefts and congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Inadequate maternal folic acid intake is associated with preterm deliveries, intra-uterine growth retardation, placental abruption and infarction, while maternal folic acid supplementation is associated with a reduction in preterm deliveries and intra-uterine growth retardation. Recently adequate folic acid intake in adults has been associated with a reduction in adult cardiovascular disease and some cancers. A common mutation in the 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene has been identified which produces a thermolabile variant of 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase with reduced enzyme activity. The common mutation is a risk factor both for neural tube defects and adult cardiovascular diseases. Folic acid acts to increase the activity of the variant methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase thereby reducing plasma homocysteine levels. However the polymorphism does not explain all of the protective effects of folic acid. Conclusion Primary prevention of birth defects by adequate periconceptional folic acid supplementation is a major public health opportunity and has wide implications in reducing both mortality and morbidity due to birth defects and several adult diseases. It follows that there would also be a curbing of health care costs related to those disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050850
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of D2-dopaminergic receptor stimulation on the lordotic response of female rats (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 91 (1987), S. 96-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Lordotic behavior ; Dopamine ; D2 receptors ; LY163502 ; Autoreceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of LY163502, a highly selective D2 dopaminergic agonist, on the lordotic response of ovariectomized, estrogen-treated rats were evaluated. LY163502, administered subcutaneously or orally, produced a significantly greater lordotic response than vehicle. LY175877 [the opposite (+) enantiomer] was found to be inactive. The effects of subcutaneous administered LY163502 were abolished by prior treatment with dopaminergic receptor antagonists such as haloperidol orcis-flupenthixol. These studies are supportive of the view that LY163502 can initiate and potentiate female sexual behavior by stimulating D2 type dopaminergic receptors. In contrast to the enhancement of lordotic response that was observed in nonreceptive female rats, LY163502 was found to have suppressive effects on lordotic response frequency of receptive (estrogen-progesterone-treated) female rats. Reductions in lordotic responding occurred in two dose ranges, above and below the dose range found to potentiate lordotic response. The maximal suppressive effect at the low dose range was observed at 250 pg/kg, SC. This reduction in lordotic responding was proposed to be associated with a selective dopaminergic autoreceptor activation, leading to a diminished dopamine release and expression of a dopamine-mediated behavior (i.e., lordotic response). The reduction of lordotic responding that was observed at higher doses (25 μg/kg-25 mg/kg) was associated with an induction of stereotypic behavior that may have disrupted the sexual response pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690934
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of nitrogen deposition on upland surface waters in Great Britain: A regional assessment of nitrate leaching (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 297-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Acid deposition ; freshwaters ; nitrate ; nitrogen deposition ; Great Britain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A national dataset of water chemistry collected for critical loads mapping is used to make a regional assessment of surface water nitrate concentrations in Great Britain. The primary data are dominated by high concentrations in lowland regions Where N inputs are dominated by non-atmospheric sources. Land cover data are used to screen out sites with potential catchment sources of N, allowing the evaluation of nitrate leaching due to atmospheric deposition alone. In the screened dataset several upland regions show elevated nitrate concentrations, notably Wales, the Pennines, Cumbria, Galloway and the Cairngorms, and there is a clear relationship between surface water nitrate and total N deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00476845
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of scale and resolution in developing percentile maps of critical loads for the UK (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 2521-2526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Critical loads ; percentiles ; scale ; resolution ; uncertainty ; UK ; UNECE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Critical loads are estimated in the UK by the Department of Environment's Critical Loads Advisory Group and sub-groups. The Mapping and Data Centre at ITE Monks Wood acts as the National Focal Centre for the UNECE programme for mapping critical loads. The centre is responsible for the generation of UK data sets and their application for national and European purposes. To make effective use of these data, it is necessary to draw upon other environmental data and examine the issues of scale, uncertainty and the way that data are presented. This paper outlines the methodologies which have been employed to derive national maps. Early critical load maps were not vegetation specific, but now critical loads for acidity and for nutrient nitrogen for soils, critical levels maps for ozone and sulphur dioxide, and sulphur deposition maps, have been generated on a vegetation or ecosystem specific basis. These have been used to derive a number of different types of critical load and exceedance maps. The results show the importance of the method selected and the data used for the interpretation. The visualisation of critical loads and the corresponding exceedance data is an important aspect in producing information for pollution abatement strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01186213
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GABAergic inhibition shapes frequency tuning and modifies response properties in the auditory midbrain of the leopard frog (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 185 (1999), S. 479-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Iontophoresis ; Inferior colliculus ; Amphibian ; Rana pipiens ; Bicuculline ; GABA ; AbbreviationsBIC bicuculline methiodide ; CF characteristic frequency ; DNLL dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus ; eFTC excitatory frequency tuning curve ; GABAγ-amino butyric acid ; IC inferior colliculus ; iFTC inhibitory frequency tuning curve ; PB phasic burst ; PL-1 primary-like 1 ; PL-2 primary-like 2 ; PL-3 primary-like 3 ; PSTH post-stimulus time histogram ; SPL sound pressure level ; SRN superficial reticular nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The functional role of GABAergic inhibition in shaping the frequency tuning of 96 neurons in the torus semicircularis of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, was studied using microiontophoresis of the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline methiodide. Bicuculline application abolished, or reduced in size, the inhibitory tuning curves of 72 neurons. In each case, there was a concommitant broadening of the excitatory tuning curve such that frequency-intensity combinations that were inhibitory under control conditions, became excitatory during disinhibition with bicuculline methiodide. These effects were observed irrespective of the excitatory tuning curve configuration prior to bicuculline methiodide application. Results indicate an important role for GABA-mediated inhibition in shaping the frequency selectivity of neurons in the torus semicircularis of the leopard frog. Bicuculline application also affected several other response properties of neurons in the leopard frog torus. Disinhibition with bicuculline methiodide increased both the spontaneous firing rate (18 cells) and stimulus-evoked discharge rate (81 cells) of torus neurons, decreased the minimum excitatory threshold for 18 cells, and altered the temporal discharge pattern of 47 neurons. Additional roles for GABAergic inhibition in monaural signal analysis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050409
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predicting freshwater critical loads from national data on geology, soils and land use (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 2443-2448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: critical loads ; freshwaters ; geology ; soil ; land use ; sensitivity ; acidification ; catchments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Using information on geology, soils and land use, a map has been generated for Great Britain which indicates five classes of sensitivity of surface waters to acidification. This map has been used for designing sampling strategies for mapping critical loads of acidity for freshwaters. This paper evaluates the freshwater sensitivity map using a data set of water chemistry collected as part of the UK critical loads programme. Discriminant analysis was used to predict five critical load classes from information on geology and soil sensitivity for freshwater sites. This showed geology and soil information can correctly predict approximately 50% of all critical loads classes. In addition, 77% of sites fall within one critical loads class of that predicted. Predictions may be improved by including other variables eg altitude and geographical location. Differences between lake, stream and reservoir sites are also examined. Ranges of critical loads values were determined for each of the five classes of surface water sensitivity. While a trend in critical load values was evident between classes, there was significant overlap. A simplified sensitivity map with only three classes related more closely to critical loads values. The paper demonstrates the usefulness of the surface water sensitivity map for assessing acidification at a national scale, but highlights the difficulties of predicting critical loads for individual sensitive catchments using national data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01186200
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating uncertainty in the current critical loads exceedance models (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 2503-2508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: critical load ; deposition model ; spatial scale ; uncertainty ; probability distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The critical loads approach to quantifying areas at risk of damage requires deposition and critical loads data at the same spatial scale to calculate exceedance. While maps of critical loads for soil acidification are available at a 1 km scale no monitoring networks in Europe measure wet and dry inputs at this scale and, further, the models currently used to estimate deposition incorporate a number of assumptions which are not valid at the 1 km scale. Simulations of 1 km deposition from 20 km data show that the uncertainty introduced by using 20 km scale estimates of deposition is small, except in mountain areas where it can give misleading results, but a major problem is the uncertainty in estimates of deposition at the 20 km scale produced by the current models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01186210
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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