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  • 1995-1999  (14)
  • 1985-1989  (26)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1880-1889
  • 1850-1859
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (31)
  • Genetics  (6)
  • Engineering  (3)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: NAD metabolism ; Regulation ; nadR ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nadR locus (99 min) controls the transcription of several genes involved with either the biosynthesis (nadAB) or recycling (pncB) of NAD in Salmonella typhimurium. Point mutations in this locus were found to cause defects either in the transport of nicotinamide mononucleotide (PnuA-), the regulation of nadAB (NadR-) or both transport and regulation (PnuA-NadR-). Deletions or insertions into nadR always resulted in the PnuA- NadR- phenotypes. Merodiploids constructed with various combiminations of PnuA-, NadR- or PnuA-NadR- strains indicate a single complementation group. The results suggest the NadR product is a bifunctional regulatory protein. Operon fusions to lacZ (nadR:: Mud1-8) were used to show that nadR is not autoregulated and is transcribed in a clockwise direction. The gene was also cloned and located within a 2 kb EcoR1-BglII fragment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 205 (1986), S. 507-514 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Pyridine nucleotide cycle ; NAD metabolism ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A series of Mud1 and Tn10 insertions were identified in the pncA chromosome region of Salmonella typhimurium which is responsible for the production of nicotinamide deamidase. Both pncA (resulting in no nicotinamide deamidase activity) and pncX (resulting in lowered nicotinamide deamidase activity) insertions were constructed. In addition, mutants which could utilize nicotinamide as a sole source of nitrogen were isolated. These mutants, designated pncH, hyperproduce nicotinamide deamidase. Genetic studies utilizing pncX-lacZ and pncA-lacZ operon fusions indicate that pncX::Tn10 insertions reduce transcription of pncA-lac while pncH mutations increase the expression of both pncA-lacZ and pncX-lacZ. The gene order was determined as purB-pncA-pncX-gdh with transcription of both pncA and pncX occurring in the counterclockwise direction. Merodiploid studies suggest a model whereby pncX and pncA form an operon with the major promoter occurring upstream from pncX. A second, weaker promoter for pncA must be situated between pncX and pncA. The pncH mutations appear to occur in the pncX promoter (pncXp) increasing promoter activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 25 (1986), S. 1875-1893 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The heat denaturation of pepsinized bovine nonfibrillar and fibrillar collagen was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. For fibrillar preparations that had been rapidly precipitated with stirring at low ionic strength, then resuspended at physiological ionic strength, multiple denaturational transitions were observed. At heating rates of 10°C/min, melting endotherms occurred at about 44, 50, 53, and 57°C. Fibrillar collagen that was slowly gelled without stirring at physiological ionic strength exhibited a similar series of endotherms, but the lower melting transitions were less conspicuous. In contrast, nonfibrillar bovine collagen in acidic solution showed only a single denaturational transition at 40°C. Nonfibrillar solutions at pH 7, to which inhibitors of fibrillogenesis were added, showed a major endotherm as high as 46°C. These results suggest that reconstituted fibrillar collagen contains a heterogeneous fibril population, possibly including molecules in a nonfibrillar state. It was proposed that the multiple melting endotherms of such preparations were due to sequential melting of molecular and fibril classes, each with a distinct melting temperature. The fibrillar classes may represent three or more types of banded and nonbanded species that differ from each other in packing order, collagen concentration, and possibly also in fibril width and level of cross-linking.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 27 (1988), S. 1143-1157 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of pH and temperature on the 300-MHz 1H-nmr spectra of three cardioactive polypeptides from sea anemones, anthopleurin-A from Anthopleura xanthogrammica (AP-A) and Anemonia sulcata toxins I and II (ATX I and II), are described. AP-A and ATX II exhibit major spectral heterogeneity. Evidence from the pH and temperature studies and from high performance liquid chromatography indicates that this heterogeneity is conformational rather than chemical in origin. By contrast, purified isotoxins of ATX I show no evidence of conformational heterogeneity. The pKa values of most of the ionizable groups in these polypeptides are not strongly perturbed by interactions in the tertiary structure, with the exception of one of the Asp carboxylates, which has a pKa of ≲ 2 in AP-A and ATX II and 3.0 in ATX I. Protonation of this carboxylate, suggested to be Asp-9, leads to a conformational change in all three molecules. All three polypeptides are thermally stable, showing some conformational changes but not major unfolding at elevated temperatures.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) technique has been applied to investigate solution and gel structures of alginate in the absence and presence of two divalent cations: Ca(II) and Cu(II). We have observed a broad maximum in the scattering curve, a characteristic of polyelectrolyte, for the purified alginate sample. The scattering maximum disappears in excess of added simple salt and shifts toward the higher angle region with increasing alginate concentration. Concentration dependence of the position and intensity of the maximum follows power law relations with exponents close to those predicted by theory. Data analysis shows an increase in correlation length ξ and cross-sectional diameter d0, of polymer chains upon gelation and suggests that a dimeric structure is adopted in the junction zone, consistent with the “egg-box” model previously proposed. In the Ca(II)-alginate system, the molecular parameters ξ and d0 are found to have good correlation with the macroscopic properties of gelation, such as gel point determined by viscosity measurements. However, for the Cu(II)-alginate system there is no clearly transitional behavior observed in ξ and d0, implying that the junction zone may be replaced by a more uniformly distributed site binding of Cu(II) ions to the carboxyl groups of both mannuronate and guluronate residues, in confirmation of previous 13C-nmr results. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1915-1937 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element and boundary element methods are described for predicting high-frequency electromagnetic heating of tissue as a cancer therapy. For the class of clinical problems of interest, the patient is electrically inhomogeneous and best discretized by finite elements, but the unbounded nature of practical source configurations calls for a boundary element approach. A hybrid is introduced which couples the two methods and is superior in algebraic requirements to either method alone. The formulation is three-dimensional and allows exact satisfaction of the electromagnetic jump conditions at interfaces separating distinct tissue types. Test cases show its validity for transverse magnetic and electric situations with known solutions. Examples of clinical applications are shown.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 31 (1986), S. 1155-1167 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dielectric spectroscopy was used to monitor the curing process of two epoxy resin systems. The basic system (system I) consisted of DGEBA (a difunctional epoxy) and a polyamide in a 50-phr mixture. In addition, a comparative analysis was performed on a high-performance resin system (system II) used primarily in unidirectional composite applications. This system contained TGDDM (a tetrafunctional epoxy) and DDS (a tetrafunctional amine) in a 25-phr mixture. The dielectric data were obtained using a simple yet functional sample cell electrode designed and constructed in the laboratory. For system I, isothermal dielectric data were used to determine apparent activation energies for the temperature range from 22 to 70°C. The data showed that the activation energy was a function of temperature and increased as the temperature of the cure increased. This indicated that the reaction mechanism was also a function of temperature. For system II, data were collected between 140 and 190°C and an overall activation energy for that temperature range was determined. The overall activation energies for both systems, calculated using dielectric spectroscopy, compared favorably to those obtained using differential scanning calorimetry. Also, using a wider frequency range (240 Hz to 2 MHz), Argand diagrams were constructed and modeled with the Cole-Cole empirical equation for systems with a distribution of relaxation times. This justified the calculation of average relaxation times, which could then be related to the bulk physical properties of the polymer, such as viscosity. Modified Argand diagrams, where ε″ is plotted against ε′ at one frequency as a function of time, were also constructed, which aided in the understanding of the curing processes for these thermosetting systems.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 2865-2870 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: phosphine oxide ; aromatic-aliphatic polyamides ; polycondensation ; thermal properties ; fire retardant materials ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The new polymerisation monomer bis[4-(2-aminoethyl)aminophenyl]-phenylphosphine oxide (p-BAPPO) was prepared in good yield by the nucleophilic substitution reaction between bis(4-fluorophenyl)phenylphosphine oxide and a large excess of 1,2-diaminoethane. Five novel polyamides, incorporating phosphine oxide groups within the polymer backbone were synthesised by the condensation reaction of p-BAPPO with a series of aromatic and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. The thermal properties of these polymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Glass transition temperatures in the 180-215°C range were recorded. Although we observed their thermooxidative stabilities (5% weight loss 〉 345°C) to be lower by 40-70°C than those previously found for wholly aromatic polyamides with phosphine oxide groups within the parent chain, char yields upon prolonged heating at 650°C were still excellent (26-38%). Also, good solubility in aprotic polar solvents was observed for all polyamides synthesised. The new polyamides clearly represent significant progress in the quest for processible fire retardant materials. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2865-2870, 1997
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 26 (1988), S. 123-127 
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 193-202 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The role of the cosurfactant (hexadecane) in the miniemulsion copolymerization of 50 : 50 molar ratio vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate monomer mixture is analyzed from an experimental point of view. The main factor responsible for the different kinetic behavior between the miniemulsion and conventional emulsion copolymerization processes was found to be the different particle nucleation mechanism operating in each process. Experimental evidence is presented indicating that in the miniemulsion copolymerization particle nucleation takes place in the preformed stable submicron monomer droplets.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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