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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermally stimulated current studies of thermotropic polyesters with polymethylene spacers (I): The glass transition and relaxation behavior of anisotropic and isotropic glasses (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 1333-1341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: thermally stimulated current ; thermotropic polyesters ; glassy transition ; relaxation behavior ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Thermally stimulated current (TSC) and relaxation map analysis (RMA) were used to study the glass transitions and relaxation phenomena of the anisotropic and isotropic glasses for the semiflexible polyesters with various polymethylene spacers (n = 7 ˜ 10). TSC analysis indicated that the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of polymers at around 40 ˜ 50°C exhibited an apparent even-odd behavior not only for the anisotropic glasses but also for the isotropic glasses. The Tg of the isotropic glass for the polymer with even n value was observed to be higher than those for the two neighboring polymers with odd n values. The anisotropic glass for the polymer with even n value had a lower Tg than those for the two neighboring polymers with odd n values. The lower value was attributed to the configuration and orientation effects on the behavior of polarization. RMA revealed that the relaxation modes of the investigated polymers were also influenced by the configuration and orientation effects. The dipolar relaxation of the anisotropic glass for the polymer with odd n value occurred at a higher temperature and had a lower entropy (enthalpy) of activation than that of the isotropic glass for the same polymer due to the orientation effect. However, an inverse relation was found to occur for the polymer with even n value, which came from the trans configuration of the even polymethylene spacers. Finally, the thermokinetic properties evaluated by RMA (e.g., the final state after depolarization) correlated quite well with the results obtained by TSC. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090330903
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain-dependent dynamic properties of filled rubber network systems (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 5 (1996), S. 1075-1104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1344
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A model for strain-dependent dynamic properties of filler loaded rubber systems has been derived based on the Links-Nodes-Blobs (L-N-B) model of percolation theory. It is the first time that a L-N-B model is applied in the study of dynamic properties of filled rubbers. The density distribution function of the number of singly connected bonds f1a(∊) and the apparent yield strain amplitude ∊app that corresponds to the on-set point of corruption of the filler network are introduced in the model. Simulation results indicate that both f1a(∊) and ∊app control the break-down and recombination of the filler network. Two recombination mechanism are adopted in this study. Results of simulations from the extreme ends recombination mechanism match the experimental data better than those from the zero strain recombination mechanism. Also, via the proposed model, the strain-dependent storage modulus correlates well with the peak loss modulus at a low strain range of around 0.1% to 100%. Moreover, a universal plot of the normalized storage modulus (ZL-N-B) as a function of the normalized Log strain amplitude (∊0/∊app) for different rubber systems is obtained. The loss moduli of systems are also simulated by the L-N-B model.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mats.1996.040050605
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain-dependent dynamic properties of filled rubber network systems, 2Part 1: cf. ref.1: The physical meaning of parameters in the L-N-B model and their applicability (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 6 (1997), S. 339-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1344
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In Part 1 of this series, the strain-dependent dynamic properties of filler loaded rubber systems were modelled with a newly derived L-N-B (links-nodes-blobs) model. In this paper, the physical meaning and significance of parameters of the L-N-B model are described and compared with experimental results. Furthermore, with the combination of a van der Waals force model, these parameters can be described in terms of basic physical material properties of filler and rubber matrix. The temperature dependence of dynamic properties of filled rubbers is successfully described in terms of the series combination of the angular deformation element \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\frac{{2d\bar G}}{{mL_1 a^2 }}$\end{document} in series with the tension element \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\frac{{dQ}}{{L_1 a^2 }}$\end{document}. Moreover, the normalized storage modulus can be expressed as a master curve \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$Z_{L - N - B} = {\rm Ei}\left[ {\frac{{ - a_2 mQ\varepsilon _b }}{{2d\bar G}} \bullet L_1 } \right]/{\rm Ei}\left[ {\frac{{ - a_2 mQ\varepsilon _b }}{{2d\bar G}}} \right]$\end{document}. The parameter \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\frac{{ - a_2 mQ\varepsilon _b }}{{2d\bar G}}$\end{document} is almost a constant for different carbon black filled systems. The distributions of blob and link in a L-N-B model are similar for carbon black filled rubber systems. The applicability and the limitation of the L-N-B model are also discussed and illustrated with experimental results. Beside carbon black filled rubber systems, silica filled rubber and filler-in-oil systems are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mats.1997.040060203
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of configuration upon heterogeneity in anisotropic glasses as determined by thermally stimulated current (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 198 (1997), S. 505-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Thermally stimulated current (TSC) as well as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the glass transition temperature of anisotropic glasses for semiflexible polyesters with polymethylene spacers. The highly sensitive technique of thermal-windowing polarization or relaxation map analysis (RMA) was used to further study the relaxation behavior of the anisotropic glasses as well as the heterogeneity of the samples. Experimental results indicate that phase separation is dependent upon the length of the polymethylene chain, i.e., the configuration of polymethylene segments and the number (n value) of methylene groups. The longer the polymethylene segment the larger the difference in the two transition temperatures, the higher transition temperature (Tg,H) and lower transition temperature (Tg,L). For a polymer with even value of n, ΔTg (Tg,H minus Tg,L) of the anisotropic glass is lower than that for the neighboring two polymers with odd n values. In addition, the distortion effect of the polymethylene segment with even number of methylene groups on the polymer chains under polarization was studied by the Vogelian relaxation behavior of the ρ-peak. These results indicated that the maximum fractional volume of the polymethylene segments of the anisotropic glass for a polymer with even n value would be smaller than that for a polymer with odd n value under polarization.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1997.021980223
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of block copolyetheramides and their properties as hot melt adhesives (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 1863-1876 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Block copolyetheramides were prepared by incorporating polyether into polyamide through melt polycondensation of polyetherdiamine, piperazine, dimer acid, and ε-caprolactam. Bulk properties of block copolyetheramide, such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, hardness, and impact strength, were evaluated with respect to composition. Investigation on the lap shear strength and T-peel strength of block copolyetheramide hot melt adhesive showed that the lap shear strength was more composition-dependent. Moisture and elevating test temperature also reduced the lap shear strength significantly.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370710
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid-rubber-modified epoxy adhesives cured with dicyandiamide. I. Preparation and characterization (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 6317-6327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: n-Butylacrylate/acrylic acid (nBA/AA) copolymers were synthesized and used to modify epoxy resin (DGEBA) cured with dicyandiamide (DICY). The precuring reaction between nBA/AA copolymer and DGEBA, the curing cycle of DGEBA, and the effects of DICY and aluminum powder upon the adhesive strengths of modified DGEBA were studied. It was found that the optimum DICY/DGEBA ratio was 6 g/100 g, and lap shear strength and T-peel strength increased with increasing amount of aluminum powder. The curing cycle for modified DGEBA was determined to be 1 h at 177°C.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320813
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of PVC/CPE/EPDM polyblends (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 1231-1240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of tricomponent blends of poly(vinyl chloride)/chlorinated polyethylene/ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (PVC/CPE/EPDM) were prepared and studied. CPE was used not only to improve the room temperature impact resistance of PVC but also as a polymer compatibilizer; while EPDM was used to enhance the impact resistance of PVC especially in low temperature range. Our data showed that the improvements of PVCs impact strength were significant either at room temperature or at low temperature (-12°C), however, a loss of the yield tensile strength was observed. On the basis of morphology, an impact-toughening mechanism of the tricomponent blend was proposed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330414
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid-rubber-modified epoxy adhesives cured with dicyandiamide. I. Preparation and characterization (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 2265-2265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330636
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-n-butyl acrylate) on the properties and processing behavior of poly(vinyl chloride) (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 3605-3616 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Random copolymers of methyl methacrylate/n-butyl acrylate with a BA content of 0-50% and M̄v = 0.16-4.04 × 106 were synthesized and evaluated as a processing aid (PA) for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Their effects on the processability and properties of PVC were investigated with respect to the composition, molecular weight, and the amount of the copolymer added. It was found that the fusion rate of PVC could be improved (i) by increasing the amount of the copolymer used, (ii) by increasing the butyl acrylate content in the copolymer, and (iii) by lowering the molecular weight of the copolymer. The effect of molecular weight, composition, and amount of copolymer on the ultimate mechanical properties of PVC was investigated. The presence of copolymer did not affect the impact strength. However, the tensile strength and elongation at break were improved, particularly at high temperature (125°C). It was also found that the “plate out” phenomenon of PVC could be significantly reduced in the presence of the processing aid.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300909
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of polypropylene structural foam crosslinked by vinyltrimethoxy silane (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 4639-4647 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polypropylene containing the blowing agent azodicarbonate was first grafted with vinyl trimethoxy silane, then crosslinked using the hot water treatment. Two heating stages initiated the blowing agent and formed polypropylene structural foam. The effects of such reaction variables as initiator, cross-linking agent, cross-linking accelerator, and blowing agent on the gel fraction, density, and expansion ratio of polypropylene foam were studied. Furthermore, cell dimension, compression strength, and volume resistivity were also measured and analyzed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320428
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