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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECTS OF pH AND TIME ON RHEOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING EARLY CHEESE MATURATION (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of texture studies 29 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4603
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Changes in rheological properties of cheese curd during the initial stages of ripening, with pH (5.45–6.05) and with time (2–14 days), were evaluated using a small strain oscillatory test and a newly designed large strain deformation test. The new test method developed for evaluation of grated cheese employed extrusion flow technique and was carried out using the Instron Universal Testing Machine. The values for the storage modulus (G') measured using the small strain test increased with an increase in the pH of cheese curds from 5.45 to 5.90. The results from the large strain test showed essentially similar trends. The samples of curd also showed an increased solid-like behaviour as the pH increased and appeared to become more elastic with time during the two-week period of analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4603.1998.tb00190.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the ethanol oxidation reaction on Pd(110) (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 8703-8713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The adsorption, decomposition, and oxidation of ethanol on Pd(110) has been studied using high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed XPS. The decomposition pathways of ethanol on the clean surface (to methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide; and to methane, hydrogen, and carbon and oxygen adatoms) previously studied using molecular beam and thermal desorption spectroscopy were confirmed by this study. The presence of an overlayer of oxygen did not significantly alter the major or minor decomposition pathways observed on the clean surface, except for the production of water and, at temperatures above 380 K, carbon dioxide as oxidation products. It also resulted in the formation of acetate, which was first seen during temperature-programmed desorption as coincident carbon dioxide and hydrogen desorption, and was confirmed by XPS. Two C 1s peaks, one assigned to the methyl carbon in acetate and the other to the carboxylate carbon, developed simultaneously during TPXPS. The disappearance of these peaks in XPS occurred at a similar temperature (400 K) to that seen during temperature-programmed desorption. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478777
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-S lyase activities in leaves of crucifers and non-crucifers, and the characterization of three classes of C-S lyase activities from oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: C-S lyases in plants are involved in primary and secondary metabolism, and in glucosinolate-containing species may be involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis. Extracts from oilseed rape (Brassica napus) leaves were assayed for several C-S lyase activities. Four activities [using L-cystine, L-cystathionine, S-(2-benzothiazolyl)-L-Cys (SBC) and S-benzyl-L-Cys] were investigated in detail. All are developmentally regulated (highest in youngest leaves), and differentially inhibited by iodoacetamide, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Thermal stabilities and pH optima were also distinct. Competitive inhibition of the SBC lyase activity with a variety of sulphur-containing compounds indicated that cystine lyase contributes to SBC degradation, and this enzyme may cleave a wide range of compounds, both aliphatic and aromatic, but other ‘SBC lyases’ were also present. Putative aromatic glucosinolate intermediates were cleaved by the rape enzymes. Developmental and biochemical studies indicate that at least three classes of C-S lyase activity are present in rape leaves: cystathionine β-lyase, cystine lyase and a group of relatively non-specific lyases. C-S lyase preparations from other glucosinolate- and non-glucosinolate-containing species were capable of cleaving a number of aliphatic and aromatic conjugates. The highest activities were detected in glucosinolate-containing species and Allium cepa (onion). C-S lyase activities in non-glucosinolate-containing species (tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, and barley, Hordeum vulgare) were much lower.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00416.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and activity of microsomal NADPH-dependent monooxygenases and amino acid decarboxylases in cruciferous and non-cruciferous plants, and their relationship to foliar glucosinolate content (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The NADPH-dependent conversion of amino acids to their aldoximes is an initial step in glucosinolate biosynthesis. A number of microsomal aldoxime-forming monooxygenase activities were detected in leaves from a variety of glucosi-nolate-containing species, whereas barley, bean and tobacco leaves did not contain any such activities. The substrates for these monooxygenases in each species largely correlated with the spectrum of glucosinolates found in that species. No activity was detected that metabolized homomethionine (supposed precursor of 2-propenylglucosinolate [sinigrin]), even in species where sinigrin was the major glucosinolate. In Sinapis species containing hydroxybenzylglucosinolate (sinalbin), activity with L-Tyr was detected, whereas Brassica species containing sinalbin had no such activity. However, these Brassicas did contain an L-Phe monooxygenase activity. Partial characterization of the monooxygenases indicated that in Brassica species, Nasturtium officinalis and Raphanus sativus these resembled the flavin-linked monooxygenases previously found in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris). The L-Tyr-dependent activity in Sinapis species, and the L-Phe-dependent activity in Tropacolum majus, had characteristics of cytochrome P450-type enzymes. No similarity was found with any other known amino acid metabolizing enzymes (including decarboxylases, amino acid oxidases and diamine/polyamine oxidases).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00417.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral changes associated with suboptimal prey densities for larval American shad (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ecology of freshwater fish 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of suboptimal prey density and length of prey-deprivation period on swimming, feeding, and social behavior in larval American shad. Alosa sapidissima. Replicated prey-density treatments of 1,000, 500, and 0 Artemia nauplii/liter and deprivation periods of 0,2, and 4 days were established for an 8-day period. The duration or frequency of 11 behavior patterns was quantified with an event recorder during the experiment. Exposure to suboptimal prey densities affected three categories of larval behavior: swimming activities (pivot and dart), interaction with other larvae (escape or avoid), and stereotypical feeding responses (sigmoid and lunge). Location of a food patch, simulated by the sudden introduction of prey to aquaria, affected the frequency of feeding responses more than other categories of behavior. The patch model was supported as a foraging strategy in larvae. The ontogeny of prey deprivation was evidenced primarily by changes in swimming activity (reduced pivot and dart frequencies), though feeding responses (particularly fixate) were also diminished. Deprivation-induced loss of pivot and fixate was an irreversible, pathological effect of starvation. Deprivation also resulted in greater vertical orientation (head up, 42°) of larvae than non-deprived larvae (21–29°). These changes in behavior may result in less effective escape from predators, location of food patches, or pursuit and capture of prey items in riverine habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.1996.tb00129.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of sublethal endrin exposure on rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. I. Evaluation of serum cortisol concentrations and immune responsiveness (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 31 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two-hundred-and-forty rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, were exposed for 30 days to sublethal concentrations of the pesticide endrin. On day 30, ten fish from each treatment group were sacrificed and examined for the ability of peritoneal macrophages to phagocytize latex beads. The remaining fish were immunized with 10 μg of Yersinia ruckeri O-antigen, and exposure to endrin continued. The migration inhibition factor assay (MIF), plaque forming cell assay (PFC), and serum agglutination titres (SAG) were performed 2, 14, and 30 days post-antigen inoculation. Serum was collected from all fish for serum cortisol concentrations. Endrin exposure had no effect on the phagocytic ability of peritoneal macrophages. However, the MIF, PFC and SAG responses were significantly reduced from control values. Serum cortisol concentrations were found to be significantly elevated in endrin-exposed fish. Serum cortisol concentrations were found to be significantly higher on days 44 and 60 (192 and 194 ng ml−1, respectively) when compared to days 30 and 32 (159 and 141 ng ml−1, respectively). Cortisol values for days 30 and 32 did not differ significantly, nor did those of days 44 and 60. The relationship between elevated serum cortisol concentrations and endrin exposure on the immune response is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05242.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of sublethal endrin exposure on rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. II. The effect of altering serum cortisol concentrations on the immune response (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 31 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of altering serum cortisol concentrations on the immune response was elucidated in endrin- and non-endrin-exposed rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Fish were immunized with 10 μg of Yersinia ruckeri O-antigen following 30 days of treatment. The migration inhibition factor assay (MIF), plaque-forming cell assay (PFC) and serum agglutination titres (SAG) were performed 2, 14 and 30 days post-antigen inoculation. Endrin exposure was continued subsequent to antigen inoculation. Control fish were fed 20 and 35 mg kg−1 body weight day−1 of cortisol and metyrapone, respectively. Endrin-exposed fish received 35 mg kg−1 body weight day−1 of metyrapone in their diet. Control fish receiving cortisol had significantly reduced MIF, PFC and SAG responses. The MIF response was completely restored in endrin-exposed fish receiving dietary metyrapone. The PFC response and SAG titres were partially restored, 61 and 69% respectively, in endrin-exposed fish receiving metyrapone. The results indicate that elevated serum cortisol concentration obtained in endrin-exposed fish has a central role in repression of the immune response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05243.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dancall Telecom A/S in the UK mobile telephone market (1996)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 34 (1996), S. 6-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Focuses on Dancall A/S, a Danish telecommunications equipment manufacturer, which was acquired by Amstrad UK in September 1993 for £6.4 million. As an independent subsidiary of Amstrad UK, Dancall is in a position to develop its marketing strategy to a mass UK market. Suggests that heuristic devices could be the way to proceed in its tactical application of the strategic plan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251749610128068
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consumer acceptability of cod and whiting after chilled storage and freezing and thawing (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of food science & technology 21 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2621
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of freezing and thawing, and of storage at 0°C on the acceptability of two white fish species (cod and whiting) was investigated. It was concluded that samples which had been frozen and thawed were no less acceptable than fresh samples and that storage of fresh fish at 0°C produced a linear decline in overall acceptability of both species. A method of presenting the data to allow decisions to be taken on the shelf life of chilled products is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1986.tb00410.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eosinophilic granular cell response to a microsporidian infection in a sergeant major fish, Abudefduf saxatilis (L.) (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 10 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1987.tb01077.x
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