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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microgel formation in the free radical crosslinking polymerization of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). I. Experimental (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 257-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: ethylene glycol dimethacrylate resin ; microgel ; bimodal polymers ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An important feature of free radical crosslinking polymerization of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) resin is the formation of heterogeneous structure through intramolecular reaction. Such structure formation affects not only the cure behavior and rheological changes of the resin but also the physical properties of the formed polymers. In this study, the reaction kinetics, morphological changes, and characteristics of formed polymers were examined by a differential scanning calorimeter, a Rheometrics Dynamic Analyzer, a dynamic light scattering goniometer, and a Fourier transfer infrared spectrometer. Experimental data showed the formation of bimodal polymers before gelation. These polymers are partially crosslinked and can be considered as microgel particles. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330208
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microgel formation in the free radical crosslinking polymerization of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). II. Simulation (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 269-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: ethylene glycol dimethacrylate resin ; translational diffusion ; segmental diffusion ; microgel ; percolation model ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The simulation of free radical crosslinking polymerizations of multifunctional monomer by a percolation model was performed on a two-dimensional lattice with periodical boundaries. The model was formulated in such a way that a variety of monomers, translational diffusion of monomer and polymer molecules, segmental diffusion of polymer, shielding effects, microgel formation, and unequal reactivities of vinylene bonds can be considered. Simulation results of the 2-D model agreed well with those of a 3-D model. The percolation model was able to qualitatively verify several experimental results. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330209
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiparameter corresponding-states correlation of coal-fluid thermodynamic properties (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 616-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A multiparameter corresponding-states correlation has been developed to describe fossil-fluid thermodynamic properties needed to design fluid-flow, heat-exchange, and other unit operations in coal-liquefaction plants. Three equation-of-state parameters, a molecular-size/separation parameter, a molecular-energy parameter, and a molecular-orientation parameter are used to characterize nonpolar and slightly polar aromatic hydrocarbons. A conformal-solution model is developed for predicting thermodynamic properties of coal-derived mixtures.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280414
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dilatometric study of low profile unsaturated polyester resins (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 823-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An in-house-built and designed dilatometer was applied to the study of low profile unsaturated polyester resins. This article first describes the dilatometer used including its calibration then its application to low profile unsaturated polyester resins. Several series of dilatometry experiments were performed, to study the effect of low profile additive concentration and cure temperature on shrinkage control. Scanning electron micro-graphs of the samples were also prepared to show the correlation between shrinkage control and polymer morphology.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760351005
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of volumetric changes of unsaturated polyester resins during curing (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 852-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two models were proposed to predict the volume changes that occur during the cure of unsaturated polyester resin/styrene systems. These models are able to account for both thermal expansions/contractions and polymerization shrinkage during processing. One model, which is based on coversion, was developed by combining experimental results from differential scanning calorimetry and dilatometry. The second model is based on radical concentration, and was developed using results from electron spin resonance spectroscopy and dilatometry. Predictions obtained from both models were compared with experimental results and reasonable agreement was obtained.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760351007
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties of polyurethane-unsaturated polyester interpenetrating polymer networks (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 976-988 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on a polyurethane (PU) and two unsaturated polyester (UPE) resins (a commercially available UPE and a partially endcapped UPE) were prepared. The mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, elongation at break, impact strength, and dynamic mechnical properties of IPNs, were studied by changing reaction temperature, PU reaction rate, and UPE reaction rate. Owing to the unique microgel formaton of UPE, the first formed network tends t be the dispersed phase in the PU-UPE IPN system. The reaction sequence was found to be an important factor in determining the phase mixing and phase morphology of the IPNs. When the PU reaction was faster, extensive phase mixing due to strong grafting or chain interpenetration was obtained. When the UPE reacted first, grafting was retarded by the microgel formation of the UPE network. It was found that simultaneous reaction of the two reacting system resulted in a co-continuous structure that provided enhanced tensile properties and impact strength.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760351204
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micro scale flow behavior and void formation mechanism during impregnation through a unidirectional stitched fiberglass mat (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 837-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Liquid composite molding (LCM) processes such as resin transfer molding (RTM) and structural reaction injection molding (SRIM) have been perceived as high potential processes for the near-net-shape manufacturing of composite parts. This paper addresses two major issues in LCM technology: fiber wetting and void formation during mold filling. Flow visualization experiments were carried out to develop a better understanding of the flow induced voids. The formation and elimination of voids were studied using several liquids and a unidirectional stitched fiberglass mat. Void formation was correlated to capillary number and liquid-fiber-air contact angle.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760351006
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow analysis of rubber transfer molding (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 403-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental study has been carried out on rubber I transfer molding. It reveals that the filling is frequently limited more by the resistance of flow across the transfer pot than by resistance of flow through the sprue holes into the cavities. A mathematical model has been derived, which predicts semi-quantitatively the molding behavior observed. The mode1 predicts that fill time is proportional to the ratio of compound viscosity divided by molding pressure raised to about the fourth power. For the common cases where most of the fill time is from the resistance to the transverse flow on the top of the sprue plate, the fill time is proportional to about the fifth power of the ratio of transverse distance divided by the charge thickness. Experimental results showed that preheating and mastication of the compound reduced transfer time substantially. The charge pattern did not seem to have a major influence on transfer time.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760240604
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of artificial neural networks for the optimal design of sheet molding compound (SMC) compression molding (1995)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 16 (1995), S. 400-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A sequential design optimization scheme based on artificial neural networks (ANN) is proposed. It is a combination of an ANN model and a nonlinear programming algorithm. The proposed scheme is implemented with network training, optimization, and sheet molding compound (SMC) process simulation in a closed loop. A “cyclic coordinate search” technique is employed to initiate the optimization process, to collect training data for the neural network model, and to perform a preliminary design sensitivity analysis. Emphasis is placed on the development of an integrated, automatic optimization-simulation design tool that does not rely on the designer's experience and interpretation. Testing results based on the design of heating channels in an SMC compression molding tool show that the optimal design can be achieved with fewer data points than other methods, such as factorial design. The efficiency of the ANN method would be greater as the number of design variables grows.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750160508
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rheology and mold flow of polyester sheet molding compoundPortions of this work have been presented at the 2nd World Congress Chemical Engineering. Montreal. Canada, October 1981. (1981)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 2 (1981), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Flow properties of sheet molding compounds (SMC) were measured by several rhemeters. Shear viscosities of SMC paste can be fitted by the Carreau viscosity equation and reduced to a single master curve by plotting the reduced shear viscosity (η/η0) against reduced shear rate (\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \gamma $\end{document} η0/T). The deformation fo glass filled compounds under extensional forces. When the shear forced was applied, the compound defomed like a deck of cards being slid. It behaved essentially like a laminate of many layers. On the other hand, SMC compounds elongated much less before sample failure occurred under the extensional flow. The extensional viscosity was much higher than the shear viscosity. This phenomenon was explained by a solid composite theory and theories developed from local shear flows between adjacent fibers. The flow of SMC compounds during molding showed that the surface layers flowed further than the inner layers when the mold surfaces were hot. This casued inner plies to show through at the surface and resulting in some wavy glass orientation. This phenomenon was explained equalitatively by a heat penetration model.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750020412
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