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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter TNM-Klassifikation (4. Aufl.) ; TNM-Klassifikation (5. Aufl.) ; UICC ; Kopf- und Halstumoren ; Tumorstaging ; Key words TNM classification (4th edition) ; TNM classification (5th edition) ; Head and neck cancer ; Tumor staging ; UICC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The 5th edition of the TNM classification entails a number of changes concerning head and neck tumors. The division of stage IV tumors into three subcategories marks a significant expansion of the stage grouping procedure. Methods: In a retrospective study the clinical course of 3247 patients with head and neck carcinomas were comparatively evaluated according to the 4th and 5th editions of the new TNM classification. In particular it was the aim of the study to test the prognostic relevance of the subdivision of stage IV especially in mucosal cancer. Results: In classifying the primary tumor the most extensive changes were noted for supraglottic and salivary gland tumors. On the basis of the 4th edition of the TNM classification the following recurrence-free 5-year survival rates for 3033 cases of mucosal cancer were calculated: stage I 91,0%, stage II 78,6%, stage III 61,4%, stage IV 31,0%. The calculations based on the 5th edition yielded: stage I 91,0%, stage II 77,2%, stage III 61,2%, stage IVA 32,4%, stage IVB 25,3%, stage IVC 3,6%. Conclusions: The adequacy of the revised stage classification in establishing a prognostic hierarchy was confirmed. However, a significant prognostic distinction between N2- (stage IVA) and N3-metastasis (stage IVB) could not be found.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die 5. Aufl. der TNM-Klassifikation bringt einige Änderungen im Bereich der Kopf-Hals-Tumoren mit sich. Eine wesentliche Erweiterung der Stadiengruppierung besteht in der Unterteilung von Stadium IV in 3 Unterstadien. In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden die Krankheitsverläufe von 3247 Patienten mit Karzinomen der Mundhöhle, des Oro- und Hypopharynx, des Larynx, der Speicheldrüsen und der Kieferhöhle ausgewertet. Hierbei kamen die 4. und die 5. Aufl. der TNM-Klassifikation vergleichend zur Anwendung. Insbesondere wurde geprüft, ob der Unterteilung von Stadium IV eine prognostische Relevanz zukommt. Bei der Klassifikation des Primärtumors ergaben sich die umfassendsten Änderungen bei Tumoren der Supraglottis und der Speicheldrüsen. Nach der 4. Aufl. der TNM-Klassifikation errechneten sich folgende rezidivfreien Fünfjahresüberlebensraten: Stadium I 89,7%, Stadium II 78,9%, Stadium III 60,3%, Stadium IV 31,0%, nach der 5. Aufl.: Stadium I 90,8%, Stadium II 77,1%, Stadium III 61,3%, Stadium IVA 32,2%, Stadium IVB 25,8%, Stadium IVC 7,9%. Die Eignung der neuen Stadieneinteilung zur Schaffung einer prognostische Hierarchie konnte bestätigt werden. Allerdings ließ sich kein signifikanter Prognoseunterschied zwischen einer N2- (Stadium IVA) und einer N3-Metastasierung (Stadium IVB) finden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 67 (1995), S. 139-145 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Developmental toxicants ; Classification scheme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It is now widely accepted that describing and labeling of chemicals as developmental toxicants on a purely qualitative basis does not make sense. Agents possessing the potential to induce reproductive or developmental toxicity present a risk of human harm only under certain conditions. This critical fact cannot be properly communicated with a simple designation as “positive” or “negative”. Rather, a number of parameters that deal with dose or concentration, frequency, duration and route of exposure must also be conveyed. Unsubstantiated blacklisting is equally counterproductive for preventive medicine as downplaying of the toxicity of chemicals. Gender-based restrictions on exposure at workplaces of women of child-bearing age are neither socially acceptable nor scientifically justifiable. Therefore, the German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area published in 1983 a quantitatively based classification concept, which became effective in 1985 and was modified in the following years. The present contribution summarizes what is required for an integrated judgment on the relevance of laboratory and epidemiological data for predicting the potential risk associated with exposure at workplaces to occupational chemicals. Methyl mercury, carbon disulfide, dimethylformamide, ethanol, toluene,N,N-dimethyl acetamide, nitrous oxide, methanol, ethyl benzene, and phosphorus pentoxide will be described as examples of classified substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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