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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cyanocarbonyl group: synthesis and crystal structure of an imidazole carbonyl cyanide, C12N5OH17 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 561-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Acylcyanide ; cyanocarbonyl ; imidazole ; carbonyl cyanide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 1-t-Butyl-5-N-(dimethylaminomethylene)aminoimidazole-4-carbonyl cyanide (BUNDAMIC) is the first acyl cyanide to be synthesized from an imidazole-4-carboxylic acid, diethylphosphorocyanidate, and triethylamine and its structure determined by x-ray crystallography. It crystallizes with four molecules in the monoclinic space group C2/m with a = 17.824(2), b = 6.784(2), c = 11.039(2) Å, and β = 96.17(1)°; R = 0.036 over 1086 unique x-ray reflections. The cyanocarbonyl group is nearly linear, C-C≡ N angle 174.4(3)°, with dimensions C≡ N, 1.137(3); C-C 1.493(3); and C=O≡ N 1.224(3) Å. The imidazole ring, in the mirror plane, has a lengthened C4 = C5 bond of 1.421(3) A, and there is a short ring-closing approach, H⋯ O6 =2.07 Å, between the methyleneamino hydrogen and the carbonyl oxygen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023200307429
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiology of acute silver toxicity in the starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) in seawater (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 169 (1999), S. 461-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Key words Ag ; Osmoregulation ; Ionoregulation ; Marine ; Fish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Physiological effects of exposure to silver (AgCln n−1; 250 μg Ag l−1 or 1000 μg Ag l−1) in seawater fish were investigated using adult starry flounders. While all fish survived up to 10 days in 250 μg Ag l−1, flounders started to die after day 4 in 1000 μg l−1. Dose-dependent increases in plasma and hepatic silver concentrations showed that silver was available for uptake. There were minimal negative effects on hematological parameters, acid-base status, and blood gases. Plasma ammonia showed a pronounced (three- to four-fold), but transient increase in flounders exposed to either 250 μg Ag l−1 or 1000 μg Ag l−1. Whole body ammonia and acid equivalent efflux measurements indicated that ammonia retention was due to a combination of stimulated production and inhibited excretion. In the 1000-μg Ag l−1 group there was a similar transient increase in plasma [magnesium], which was restored by day 4. In contrast, plasma chloride and sodium levels increased gradually towards the point when fish began to die. At 250 μg Ag l−1, the Na+/K+-ATPase activity of the intestine was unaffected but there was a two-fold increase in branchial Na+/K+-ATPase activity. The latter effect was interpreted as compensation for an elevated chloride and sodium load. The increases in plasma chloride and sodium concentrations were accompanied by a marked suppression of drinking, thereby indicating that acute silver toxicity was likely caused by a combination of elevated electrolyte concentrations and dehydration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003600050243
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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