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  • 1995-1999  (1)
  • 1980-1984  (1)
  • Radionuclide imaging  (1)
  • cultural influences  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Successful and unsuccessful approaches to imaging carcinoids: Comparison of a radiolabelled tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor with a tracer of biogenic amine uptake and storage, and a somatostatin analogue (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 23 (1996), S. 131-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Carcinoid ; Radionuclide imaging ; Phenylalanine ; Metaiodobenzylguanidine ; Pentetreotide ; Iodophenylalanine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A mouse mastocytoma model was used to determine the biodistribution and tumour uptake of four radiopharmaceuticals developed to target the serotonin synthetic pathway in carcinoid tumours. Three of the compounds were competitive inhibitors of the rate-limiting enzyme of serotonin synthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase. Radiolabelled iodo-dl-phenylalanine (iodine-131 PIPA) was found to have the highest uptake and tumourto-liver ratio. Four patients with known carcinoid tumours were then injected with 0.5 mCi131I-PIPA and imaged at 1, 4, 24 and 48 h post-injection. The radiopharmaceutical, however, failed to localize in the known tumour sites. This result was in contrast to the authors' experience of131I- and123I-MIBG imaging of carcinoid tumours. Seven patients with known metastatic carcinoid tumours, two patients with symptoms of recurrence following tumour resection, one patient with completely resected disease, and two patients with a flushing syndrome of uncertain aetiology were studied with131I-MIBG. Three of the seven patients with known metastatic disease had positive131I-MIBG scans. Both patients with clinical evidence of recurrent disease had negative scans, as did the patient who was considered to have had complete resection of her primary tumour. The two patients with idiopathic flushing syndrome also had negative scans. Among seven patients imaged with123I-MIBG there were four true-negative scans and one falsenegative, the latter in a patient with biochemical and CT evidence of recurrence. In a seventh patient with distant metastases there was variable uptake in some of the lesions. Four patients were studied with indium-111 penetetreodide. Two patients with metastatic carcinoid disease had positive scans, although hepatic metastases were not seen in one. Another two with idiopathic flushing syndrome had normal studies. The literature suggests that up 50% of carcinoid tumour cases are detected with131I-MIBG, compared to a sensitivity of 87% reported with somatostatin receptor imaging using111In-pentetreotide. The experience with123I-MIBG is much less extensive. The mechanisms of carcinoid tumour localization for each of the three classes of radiotracers are discussed and contrasted to their varying sensitivities. The relative success of131I-MIBG and111In-pentetreotide relative to131I-PIPA may be related to the fact that131I-MIBG is actively taken up and stored by the enterochromaffin cells of the tumours and111In-pentetreotide binds to cell surface receptors, whereas131I-PIPA binds to tryptophan hydroxylase, which may be present in quantities too small to permit tumours to be imaged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01731835
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transsexual prostitution in New Zealand: Predominance of persons of Maori extraction (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of sexual behavior 13 (1984), S. 301-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2800
    Keywords: transsexual ; prostitution ; racial distribution ; cultural influences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Information concerning the racial distribution, family background, sexual history, education, and employment status of 27 New Zealand, male-to-female preoperative transsexual prostitutes was obtained by interview and questionnaire. Subjects lived in Wellington, New Zealand, and Sydney, Australia. Subjects recalled childhoods with maternal dominance, paternal absence, being youngest sons, and being dressed in girls' clothes by female relatives. Further, an early history of homosexual intercourse and cross-dressing behavior occurred significantly often. Moreover, it was apparent that the Maori race, which forms 9.0% of the total New Zealand population, was disproportionately represented; approximately 90% of the transsexual prostitute population in Wellington is Maori. Various explanations are offered for the racial inequality. It is concluded that cultural influences have an effect on the number of transsexual prostitutes in New Zealand. Further research is needed to assess whether these factors also influence the etiology and development of transsexualism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01541903
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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