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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and surface chemistry of oxynitride gate dielectric using nitric oxide (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2882-2884 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Oxynitride films grown on preoxidized (100) silicon surfaces in a nitric oxide (NO) ambient at 950 °C have been investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). Compared to N2O oxynitride, NO oxynitride exhibits very different surface chemistry, interface properties, and growth mechanisms. The etch back of NO and N2O oxynitride films allows control of sample thickness for the XPS measurements. NO oxynitride has the interfacial nitrogen (Nint) sharply peaked on the Si substrate side of the interface, while it is broad and on the dielectric side of the interface for the N2O oxynitride. The N(1s) XPS results reveal a clear distinction between N2O oxynitride and NO oxynitride. Near the Si/dielectric interface the NO oxynitride shows primarily Si≡N bonds, while the N2O films showed a N(1s) binding energy peak that is in-between that of Si≡N bonds and Si2=N—O bonds. Furthermore, the NO oxynitride surface roughness as determined by AFM is lower than that of the Si/SiO2 interface. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113461
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and mechanism of the addition of amines to carbon disulfide in ethanol (1984)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 49 (1984), S. 863-866 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00179a021
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIETARY FACTORS IN HUMAN COLORECTAL CANCER (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 19 (1999), S. 545-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Colorectal cancer is a significant cause of mortality in Western societies. The progression of the disease from normal colonic epithelium to the acquisition of the malignant phenotype is accompanied by numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations. Compelling experimental and epidemiological evidence indicates that diet and nutrition are key factors in the modulation of colorectal cancer. A salient case in point is the recent observation that a dietary regimen based on a Western-style diet provokes in the rodent colon the appearance of preneoplastic lesions in the absence of any genotoxic insult. This review mainly describes dietary factors that inhibit the development and progression of colorectal cancer. Much is unknown about the precise mechanisms of action of chemically disparate nutrients and how they interfere with the development and progression of this disease. Current knowledge about this important issue is summarized. We believe that continuing scrutiny and precise assessment of the benefits (and potential risks) of nutrients in the treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer will prove significant to controlling this devastating disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.19.1.545
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal agenesis and the absence of enteric neurons in mice lacking GDNF (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 382 (1996), S. 70-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] FIG. 1 Generation of GDNF mutant mice, a, Schematic representation of the targeting strategy used to mutate the first (left, GDNF/lacZ mice) or second (right, GDNF/neo mice) coding exons of the mouse GDNF locus. Black boxes represent GDNF coding exons. The bacterial lacZ gene fused in frame to the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/382070a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroid receptor coactivator-1 is a histone acetyltransferase (1997)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 389 (1997), S. 194-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Steroid receptors and coactivator proteins are thought to stimulate gene expression by facilitating the assembly of basal transcription factors into a stable preinitiation complex. What is not clear, however, is how these transcription factors gain access to transcriptionally repressed ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/38304
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in the regulation of expression of the αl(I) collagen gene (COL1A1) in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) (1999)
    Springer
    Springer seminars in immunopathology 21 (1999), S. 397-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2196
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary At present, the mechanisms that regulate the expression of collagen genes in normal and pathologic fibroblasts are not known. Thus, the detailed study of transcriptional regulation of COL1A1 in SSc cells will increase our current understanding of the pathophysiology of fibrotic diseases. These studies will yield valuable information regarding the important biological process of regulation of collagen gene expression under normal and pathologic conditions, a process that has remained elusive despite intense recent investigations. It is now evident that persistent overproduction of collagen is responsible for the progressive nature of tissue fibrosis in SSc. Up-regulation of collagen gene expression in SSc fibroblasts appears to be a critical event in this process. The coordinate transcriptional activation of numerous collagen genes suggests a fundamental alteration in the regulatory control of gene expression in SSc fibroblasts. Trans-acting nuclear factors which bind to cis-acting elements in enhancer (intronic) and promoter regions of the genes modulate the basal and inducible transcriptional activity of the collagen genes. The identification of the nuclear transcription factors that regulate normal collagen gene expression may provide promising approaches to the therapy of this incurable disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00870302
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metrics for cortical map organization and lateralization (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 27-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Cerebral lateralization refers to the poorly understood fact that some functions are better controlled by one side of the brain than the other (e.g. handedness, language). Of particular concern here are the asymmetries apparent in cortical topographic maps that can be demonstrated electrophysiologically in mirror-image locations of the cerebral cortex. In spite of great interest in issues surrounding cerebral lateralization, methods for measuring the degree of organization and asymmetry in cortical maps are currently quite limited. In this paper, several measures are developed and used to assess the degree of organization, lateralization, and mirror symmetry in topographic map formation. These measures correct for large constant displacements as well as curving of maps. The behavior of the measures is tested on several topographic maps obtained by self-organization of an initially random artificial neural network model of a bihemispheric brain, and the results are compared with subjective assessments made by humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1997.0002
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gasless laparoscopic-assisted intestinal stoma creation through a single incision (1999)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 42 (1999), S. 1228-1231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Stoma ; Gasless ; Laparoscopic surgery ; Surgical technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intestinal stoma creation has been performed using both open and laparoscopic surgery. However, each technique still has disadvantages. We created the intestinal stoma through one incision, with the use of the laparoscope in a gasless fashion. This method has not been reported previously. Fourteen adult patients underwent this technique between February 1996 and December 1998. Indications for stoma creation were for various anorectal disease processes, most commonly for purposes of hygiene in patients with spinal cord injury. The average operative time to perform the stoma was 58 (range, 15–78) minutes, with minimal blood loss (〈35 ml). Follow-up ranged from 1 to 22 months. Two cases (14 percent) were converted secondary to severe adhesions. All nonconverted patients were able to tolerate a regular diet within two days of surgery. There was only one stoma-related complication. Two patients (14 percent) died of comorbidities during follow-up. In conclusion, the initial experience with gasless laparoscopic-assisted intestinal stoma creation through a single incision is encouraging. Patients requiring ostomy creation as a single intervention may benefit from this approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02238581
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WGSR catalyzed by cis-[Rh(CO)2(amine)2]PF6 heterogenised on poly(4-vinylpyridine) (1998)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 56 (1998), S. 231-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: water–gas shift reaction ; rhodium ; poly(4-vinylpyridine) ; carbon monoxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes catalytic activation studies of the water–gas shift reaction by cis-[Rh(CO)2(amine)2]PF6 (amine = 4-picoline, 3-picoline, 2-picoline, pyridine, or 2,6-lutidine) heterogenised on poly(4-vinylpyridine) in aqueous 2-ethoxyethanol. The effect of varying the nature of the amine was investigated. The rhodium complexes bearing 4-picoline (4-pic) ligands proved to be most active among those surveyed, and displaying turnover frequencies for hydrogen production of 8.9 mol of H2 per mole of Rh per day for 9.4x10-5 mol cis-[Rh(CO)2(4-pic)2]PF6/1.00 g poly(4-vinylpyridine), P(CO) = 0.9 atm at 100°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019042003685
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heart FoF1-ATPase changes during the acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rats (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 165 (1996), S. 127-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: Trypanosoma cruzi ; rat heart ; mitochondria ; oxidative phosphorylation ; FoF1-ATPase ; ATP hydrolysis ; ATP synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The kinetic properties of ATP hydrolysis and synthesis by FoF1-ATPase of heart mitochondria were evaluated during the acute phase of T. cruzi infection in rats. Mitochondria and submitochondrial particles were isolated 7 days (early stage) and 25 days (late stage) following infection of rats with 2 × 105 trypomastigote forms of the Y strain of T. cruzi. The kinetic properties for ATP hydrolysis were altered for the early but not the late stage, showing a changed pH profile, increased K0.5 values, and a decreased total Vmax. The Arrhenius' plot for membrane-associated enzyme showed a higher transition temperature with a lower value for the activation energy in body temperature. For the Triton X-100 - solubilized enzyme, the plot was similar to the control. A decrease in the efficiency of ADP phosphorylation by mitochondria, measured by the firefly-luciferase luminescence, was observed only during the late stage and appeared to be correlated with a decrease in the affinity of the FoF1-ATPase for ADP. It is proposed that in the early stage, during the acute phase of T. cruzi infection in rats, heart FoF1-ATPase undergoes a membrane-dependent conformational change in order to maintain the phosphorylation potential of mitochondria, which would compensate for the uncoupling of mitochondrial function. Also, during both the early and late stages, the enzyme seems to be under the regulation of the endogenous inhibitor protein for the preservation of cellular ATP levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229474
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