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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carotid artery stenosis is related to blood glucose level in an elderly Caucasian population: the Hoorn Study (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 290-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; impaired glucose tolerance ; specific insulin ; carotid artery stenosis ; epidemiology ; population-based survey ; Caucasians.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cross-sectional associations between carotid artery stenosis (CAS) on the one hand, and parameters of glycaemia and specific insulin levels on the other, were investigated in an age, sex, and glucose tolerance stratified random sample from a 50–74-year-old Caucasian population. Subjects treated with insulin or oral hypoglycaemic agents were classified as having known diabetes mellitus (KDM) (n = 66). Using two oral glucose tolerance tests, and based on the World Health Organisation criteria, all other participants were classified as having a normal (NGT) (n = 287), an impaired (IGT) (n = 169) or a diabetic (NDM) (n = 106) glucose tolerance. CAS was defined haemodynamically using duplex scanning. The crude prevalences of only moderate (16–49 %) CAS were 6.6 %, 7.1 %, 5.7 % and 12.1 % in NGT, IGT, NDM and KDM subjects, respectively. For any severe ( ≥ 50 %) CAS, crude prevalences were 2.8 %, 4.7 %, 9.4 % and 7.6 %. The prevalence of any severe CAS was higher in NDM (p 〈 0.01) and KDM subjects (p = 0.07) than in NGT subjects. The prevalence of a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack was 1.7 %, 1.8 %, 2.8 % and 1.5 % in NGT, IGT, NDM and KDM, respectively. In univariate logistic regression analysis, HbA1 c, serum fructosamine, fasting and 2-h post-load glucose were significantly associated with any severe CAS. In multivariate analyses controlling for other risk factors, only HbA1 c and 2-h post-load plasma glucose remained significantly associated (odds ratios: 1.29 per % and 1.09 per mmol/l, respectively) in separate models. No association could be shown between either fasting or 2-h post-load specific insulin and any severe CAS in either univariate or multivariate analyses. In conclusion, HbA1 c and 2-h post-load plasma glucose are independently associated with any severe CAS, whereas specific insulin is not. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 290–298]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050676
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral arterial disease in relation to glycaemic level in an elderly Caucasian population: the Hoorn Study (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 86-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; impaired glucose tolerance ; specific insulin ; peripheral arterial disease ; epidemiology ; population-based survey ; Caucasians.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the cross-sectional association between peripheral arterial disease and glycaemic level in an age, sex, and glucose tolerance stratified random sample from a 50–74-year-old Caucasian population. Subjects treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents or insulin were classified as having known diabetes mellitus (KDM) (n = 67). Using two oral glucose tolerance tests, and based on World Health Organisation criteria, all other participants were categorized as having a normal (NGT) (n = 288), an impaired (IGT) (n = 170), or a diabetic (NDM) (n = 106) glucose tolerance. Prevalence rates of ankle-brachial pressure index less than 0.90 were 7.0 %, 9.5 %, 15.1 % and 20.9 % in NGT, IGT, NDM and KDM subjects, respectively (chi-square test for linear trend: p 〈 0.01). Prevalence rates of any peripheral arterial disease (ankle-brachial pressure index 〈 0.90, at least one monophasic or absent Doppler flow curve or vascular surgery) were 18.1 %, 22.4 %, 29.2 % and 41.8 % in these categories (chi-square test for linear trend: p 〈 0.0001). The prevalence of any peripheral arterial disease was higher in KDM and NDM than in NGT (p 〈 0.03, p 〈 0.0001, respectively), whereas no statistically significant difference was demonstrated between IGT and NGT. The same applied when using the ankle-brachial pressure index criterion. Logistic regression analyses showed that any arterial disease was significantly associated with HbA1 c, fasting and 2-h post-load plasma glucose after correction for cardiovascular risk factors (odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals 1.35; 1.10–1.65 per %, 1.20; 1.06–1.36 and 1.06; 1.01–1.12 per mmol/l, respectively), whereas it was not associated with fasting and 2-h post-load specific insulin. Ankle-brachial pressure indices were not associated with either plasma glucose parameters or insulin in univariate or multivariate analyses. In conclusion, parameters of glucose tolerance are independently associated with any peripheral arterial disease, whereas insulin is not. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 86–96]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050257
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the refractive indexes and birefringence of nylon 6 yarns as a function of draw ratio and strain (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 13 (1975), S. 835-850 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A systematic study of the dispersion curves of the refractive indexes of nylon 6 yarns was made. The parameters were the draw ratio and strain. The measurements show that the dispersions of the refractive indexes n∥ and n⊥, parallel and perpendicular to the fiber axis, are equal, independently of draw ratio and strain. The average dispersion equals nF - nC = 109 × 10-4. Consequently, the birefringence is, within experimental accuracy, independent of the wavelength. The refractive indexes and the birefringence show a change in trend at 10-12% strain. This point corresponds to the yield strain in the stress-strain diagrams. The inference is that beyond the yield point the overall molecular orientation must increase less strongly with strain than before. An analysis shows that the Lorentz-Lorenz relation holds for the average refractive index n̄ = ⅓ (n∥ + 2n⊥). So the change in n̄ versus draw ratio is mainly due to the change in density. By applying the Lorentz-Lorenz relation to the change of n̄ on straining, a value of Poisson's ratio (μ) could be derived. The average value found for nylon 6 yarns was μ = 0.48, which means that the density hardly changes with strain.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.180130415
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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