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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    γ Spectroscopy of 209Pb with deep inelastic reactions (1998)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 1 (1998), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS:21.60.Cs Shell model – 23.20.Lv Gamma transitions and level energies – 27.80.+w 190 ≤ A ≤ 219 – 25.70.-z Low and intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: High spin states in nuclei around 208Pb were populated in deep inelastic collisions of 76Ge, 136Xe, and 208Pb projectiles with 208Pb targets at beam energies about 12% above the Coulomb barrier. New states in 209Pb were found by measuring γ-γ-coincidences. They are interpreted as the yrast states that originate from the coupling of one neutron to the lowest excitations of the 208Pb core. The results are discussed in the frame of the shell model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500050060
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the yrast two proton-two neutron hole states in208Po (1978)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 287 (1978), S. 219-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract High-spin levels in208Po, populated in the208Pb(α,4n)-reaction, were studied usingα-particles in the energy region 41–51 MeV. The energies of levels above the 6+ level have an uncertainty of about 10 keV due to the fact that the 8+→6+ transition has not been observed so far, but this transition has previously been established to be converted neither in theK-shell nor in theL-shells. It was found that the yrast cascade ofγ-rays from a 19+ level at 5896+ε keV feeds levels of lower spin which all can be explained as originating from two proton-two neutron hole configurations. In the higher part of the cascade it is mainly the neutron holes which change their configuration, while the lower part of the cascade is dominated by changes in the proton configuration. The yrast levels in the angular momentum regionJ=8–19 vary practically linearly with energy in the region 1.5–6 MeV. No isomeric traps were found above the 11− level at 2699+ε keV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01408091
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High spin isomers in151Dy+ (1979)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 290 (1979), S. 337-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Three yrast isomers in151Dy, at 6.03 MeV (I=49/2, T/=15(3) ns), 4.90 MeV (41/2−, 5.5(1.0) ns), and at 2.96 MeV(27/2−, 1.3(6) ns) have been located through152Gd(α,5n) and136Ce(18O, 3n) measurements. Shell model configurations are suggested for them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01408552
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the yrast levels in204Pb (1978)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 284 (1978), S. 217-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract High-spin states in204Pb were populated in the204Hg(α,4n) reaction using α-particles in the energy region 42–51 MeV. Prompt and delayedγ-rays as well as conversion electrons were studied in addition to excitation functions, angular distributions andγ-γ coincidences. In this way a stretched cascade ofγ-rays from a level at 8125.9 keV was found to feed the previously known isomeric 9− level at 2185.7 keV. Spins and parities were established for levels up to and including a 19− level at 6098.0 keV. The levels with c= 172212; and 19− at excitation energies of 5664.3 and 6098.0 keV are likely to be due to the simplep 1 2/s-1 i 13 2/−3 andf 5 2/−1 i 13 2/−3 configurations. The agreement between calculated and experimental energies for all observed levels in the regionJ=9–19 is very good in cases where the empirical two-particle interactions used are satisfactorily well known. Above the 19− level there are three weakly populated levels at 7402.1, 7849.2 and 8125.9 keV, which are likely to haveJ≥20. None of these energies agrees with the calculated value 7695±20 keV for the 20+ state of thei 13 2/−4 configuration which has the highest angular momentum produced by the four valence neutron holes. This apparent anomaly can be understood if the yrast levels withJ≥20 have angular momentum contribution from the core. It seems likely that the states at 7402.1, 7849.2 and 8125.9 keV are due to proton core excited states of the typeπh 9/2 h 11 2/−1 ×νp 1 2/−2 i 13 2/−2 withJ π=20+ andJ π=21+ andπh 9/2 h 11 2/−1 ×νp 1 2/−1 f 5 2−1 i 13 2/−2 withJ π=22+ or 23+, respectively. The state at 8126 keV has the highest energy so far directly observed in a stretched cascade ofγ-rays from the decay of a heavy nucleus produced in (α, xn) reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411332
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle hole yrast states in146Gd and147Gd and the Z=64 shell closure (1979)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 290 (1979), S. 279-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The level structures of146Gd and147Gd have been investigated by in-beamγ-ray ande − spectroscopy with (α, xn) reactions on enriched Sm targets. Detailed level schemes up to ∼4 MeV, which differ radically from earlier schemes, are reported. The energy levels are characterized as particle-hole excitations using empirical single particle energies and two nucleon interactions. Analysis of pure 1p 1h proton excitations demonstrates that theZ=64 andN=82 energy gaps are about equally large.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01408545
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a 10+ state in132Te (1979)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 292 (1979), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new isomeric state witht 1/2=3.9±0.3μs has been observed in the nucleus 52 132 Te80 which has two protons more and two neutrons less than the doubly magic isobar 50 132 Sn82. The deexcitation pattern suggests spin and parity 10+ for this level near 2,700 keV which is populated in fission. The energy and the half-life of the isomer can be understood with the assumption that it is the 10+ level based on theh 11 2/−2 neutron hole configuration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01441621
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High spin states in205Pb and a precision test of the nuclear shell model for three nucleons (1976)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 277 (1976), S. 273-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using the204Hg(α, 3n) reaction withα-particles of about 40 MeV, we have proved by applying nowadays conventionalγ-ray spectroscopy in-beam technique, that there are two isomeric states in205Pb at the excitation energies 5,161.3 and 3,195.5 keV having the half-lives 71±3 and 217±5 ns, respectively. These isomeric states have spins and parities 33/2+ and 25/2− and are mainly due to thei 13 2/−3 andi 13 2/−2 p 1 2/−1 configurations, respectively. This conclusion is supported by the experimentalg-factors of these states being −0.159±0.008 and −0.0676±0.0011, respectively. It is furthermore shown that theE2 effective neutron charge is the same forE2 transitions from the 33/2+ state in205Pb and from the 12+ state in206Pb as required by the assumption that the208Pb core is responsible for the totalE2 strength of the neutron holes, and that these states are due to thei 13 2/−3 andi 13 2/−2 configurations. The calculatedB(E3) values ofE3 transitions from isomeric states in205Pb and206Pb agree reasonably well with the experimental values as expected from the assumption that theE3-strength should come from particle coupling to the octupole states of the208Pb core. The energies of the six most well established excited states in205Pb with angular momenta in the region 19/2–33/2 were calculated using empirical single-particle energies, empirical two-particle interactions and angular momentum algebra. The average deviation between experimental and calculated energies is −3 keV and the root mean square deviation 6 keV as compared to the uncertainty ± 5 keV in the nuclear masses used in the calculation. For the orbits concerned the shell model is thus valid with an extremely high precision. The contribution of effective three-particle interaction in these orbits must consequently be less than about 5 keV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01415603
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shell model yrast states in the many-particle nucleus 72 157 Hf85 (1995)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 351 (1995), S. 247-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 23.20.Lv ; 21.60.Cs ; 27.70.+q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In-beamγγ- andγγn-measurements have for the first time identified excited states in the 72 157 Hf85 nucleus and have established its yrast levels up to 6.5 MeV and I=(51/2). The results of parameter-free 11-particle recoupling calculations in the framework of the shell model for the configurationsπh 11 2/8 νf 7 2/3 andπh 11 2/8 νf 7 2/2 h9/2 are in excellent agreement with the observed levels up to 39/2 at 4.758 MeV. A weakly populated 52 ns 29/2+ yrast isomer at 2.876 MeV is assigned as the three-neutron configurationνf7/2h9/2i13/2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01290905
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron single-particle energies in the 132Sn region (1999)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 5 (1999), S. 239-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS: 21.60.Cs Shell model – 23.20.Lv Gamma transitions and level energies – 25.85.Ca Spontaneous fission – 27.60.+j 90 ≤ A ≤ 149
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Excited levels in 133Sn and 134Sb, populated in spontaneous fission of 248Cm, were studied by means of prompt-γ spectroscopy, using the EUROGAM 2 multidetector array. The neutron i 13/2 single-particle energy has been determined for the first time in the 132Sn region. The energy of the h 9/2 neutron level, proposed previously, has been confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500050280
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency of patients with acute asthma in relation to ozone, nitrogen dioxide, other pollutants of ambient air and meteorological observations (1997)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 69 (1997), S. 317-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Asthma-epidemiology ; Air-pollutants ; Environmental adverse effects ; Ozone adverse effects ; Nitrogen dioxide adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To study the association of the daily frequency of registration of patients with acute asthma at the emergency department of a central hospital in the south-west of Sweden with levels of air pollution and meteorological observations. Methods. A retrospective longitudinal study was made of asthma patients taken from a hospital registry. This information was correlated with measurements of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, toluene, temperature and relative humidity. Patients were from the catchment area of the Central Hospital of Halmstad containing around 120 000 inhabitants. A total of 4127 visits of patients with acute asthma to the emergency department at the Central Hospital of Halmstad were registered during a period of 1247 days from January 1990 to May 1993. The differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technique was used to monitor levels of air pollutants over a distance of 1000 m in the central part of the town of Halmstad. Data on temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed and wind direction for the time period were supplied by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI). Results. There were many statistically significant correlations between the levels of air pollutants and the meteorological measurements and a strong negative correlation between ozone and nitrogen dioxide. There was a statistically significant effect on asthma visits in children of low temperature and high nitrogen dioxide levels, and on asthma visits in adults of high temperature and high levels of ozone. Conclusions. There was a different reaction pattern in children and adults with asthma regarding temperature and ozone/nitrogen dioxide. The strong correlations between temperature and air pollution and between the levels of ozone and nitrogen dioxide made the true relation between asthma, air pollution and temperature hard to evaluate statistically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050154
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