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  • 1
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 854-857 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 386 (1997), S. 724-728 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To determine whether sodium-channel clusters form on CNS axons in the absence of glia, purified retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from rats at postnatal day 8 (P8) were cultured in serum-free medium for 2.5 weeks, a time when most nodes would have formed in vivo7'8. Diffuse sodium-channel ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase ; Mononuclear cells ; Leukemias ; Glutathione ; n-Acetyl cysteine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The expression of the ectoenzyme γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC2.3.2.2., γGT) was investigated by flow cytometry on populations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy subjects and patients suffering from several types of leukemia before and under chemotherapy. In unstimulated PBMC, 28% of these cells were found to be γGT positive. The highest expression was measured on monocytes (CD14/γGT+ cells: 60%). Within the subsets of T lymphocytes (CD3/γGT+ cells: 18%) we saw no clear differences between CD4+ and CD8+ cells. B lymphocytes, NK cells, and activated cells showed low expressions (up to 10%). Treatment of PBMC with mitogens, α-IFN, IL-2, and GM-CSF did not affect the enzyme expression on normal mononuclear cells (MNC). However, a rapid increase of γGT+ cells was found in the presence of glutathione (GSH) and n-acetyl cysteine (nAC), particularly on monocytes, B cells, and NK cells. Comparing 40 healthy subjects and untreated patients suffering from leukemias, a significantly higher expression of γGT+ cells in the total MNC populations (B-CLL: 57%, CML: 62% γGT+ cells) was observed in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), whereas other leukemias did not show clear differences. Most interestingly, the γGT expression was diminished in all populations of CML cells after 5 h of incubation in the presence of 10 units/ml IFN-α. These data suggest a possible protective role of γGT in MNC and a regulatory function of this enzyme in the development of CML.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words AML ; Trilineage dysplasia ; Dysgranulopoiesis ; Dyserythropoiesis ; Dysmegakaryopoiesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The detection of dysplastic features of hematopoiesis in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by light microscopy is defined as AML with trilineage myelodysplasia (AML/TLMD). The prognostic relevance of these dysplastic features for patients with de novo AML remains unclear. In order to evaluate the role of dysplasia in de novo AML, bone marrow aspirates from 69 patients were analyzed prospectively and investigated separately for erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis and megakaryopoiesis by three independent investigators. The overall complete remission (CR) rate was 48.8% and partial remission (PR) or nonresponders consituted 52.2% of the patients investigated. The median overall survival time was 5 months with a disease-free interval of 3.5 months for all patients. Dysgranulopoiesis (DysG) was observed in 30.4%, dysmegakaryopoiesis (DysM) in 50.7%, and dyserythropoiesis (DysE) in 43.5%. Of all patients, 26.0% showed trilineage dysplastic features and were thus classified as AML/TLMD. A significantly worse prognosis (Kaplan-Meyer plot, Student's t–test) was calculated for those patients with detection of only DysG (p=0.002), DysM (p=0.02), DysE (p=0.04) as compared with patients without any dysplastic signs. An unfavorable karyotype was correlated with patients showing DysG (P=0.02) and DysM (P=0.04). For these patients with an unfavorable karyotype, the occurrence of any dysplastic features had no additional prognostic impact. Dysplastic features (DysG, DysM, DysE) seem to be an important prognostic factor in de novo AML correlating with short overall survival. DysG and DysM correlated well with the appearance of unfavorable chromosomal abnormalities. It may be reasonable to assume that patients with dysplastic features should be considered for more aggressive treatment schedules at the time of diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase ; Mononuclear cells ; Leukemias ; Glutathione ; n-Acetyl cysteine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of the ectoenzymeγ-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC2.3.2.2.,γGT) was investigated by flow cytometry on populations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy subjects and patients suffering from several types of leukemia before and under chemotherapy. In unstimulated PBMC, 28% of these cells were found to beγGT positive. The highest expression was measured on monocytes (CD14/γGT+ cells: 60%). Within the subsets of T lymphocytes (CD3/γGT+ cells: 18%) we saw no clear differences between CD4+ and CD8+ cells. B lymphocytes, NK cells, and activated cells showed low expressions (up to 10%). Treatment of PBMC with mitogens, α-IFN, IL-2, and GM-CSF did not affect the enzyme expression on normal mononuclear cells (MNC). However, a rapid increase of yGT+ cells was found in the presence of glutathione (GSH) and n-acetyl cysteine (nAC), particularly on monocytes, B cells, and NK cells. Comparing 40 healthy subjects and untreated patients suffering from leukemias, a significantly higher expression ofγGT+ cells in the total MNC populations (B-CLL: 57%, CML: 62%γGT+ cells) was observed in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), whereas other leukemias did not show clear differences. Most interestingly, theγGT expression was diminished in all populations of CML cells after 5 h of incubation in the presence of 10 units/ml IFN-α. These data suggest a possible protective role ofγGT in MNC and a regulatory function of this enzyme in the development of CML.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Three-dimensional echocardiography — digital image processing — left ventricular volume — left ventricular mass — Doppler echocardiography ; Schlüsselwörter Dreidimensionale Echokardiographie — digitale Bildverarbeitung — linksventrikuläres Volumen — linksventrikuläre Masse — Doppler-Echokardiographie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In recent years, 3D echocardiographic reconstruction and real time 3D echocardiography have been developed. Reconstruction techniques are based on one of two principles: acoustic or electromagnetic location devices that identify the spatial position of the transducer during imaging, or transducers that image from a fixed position varying the sector orientation in a predefined way. Animated, dynamic recontructions of cardiac structures are possible, and the 3D data set can be sliced and viewed in any desired way after acquisition. The mitral annulus and congenital malformations of the heart have been imaged and studied successfully by 3D echo. Mass and volume calculations based on 3D data sets have been shown to be extraordinarily accurate by several investigators working with different techniques. Since the 3D data set is more comprehensive than any set of 2D images, such calculations are fundamentally superior to 2D or M-mode derived parameters. Color Doppler data can also be recontructed into 3D data sets, with possible applications to proximal convergence zone calculations. However, broad implementation of 3D echo in clinical practice is hampered to date by cumbersome manual tracing to derive quantitative parameters and sometimes by insufficient image quality. Nevertheless, the rapid technical evolution, now including real-time 3D echo, ensures an important role for 3D echo in future echocardiography.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die echokardiographische Schnittbildtechnik ist in den letzten Jahren um die Möglichkeit der dreidimensionalen Rekonstruktion, jüngst auch um die Echtzeit-3D-Echokardiographie erweitert worden. Rekonstruktionsverfahren basieren entweder auf der akustischen oder elektromagnetischen Ortung des Schallkopfs während der Datenakquisition oder auf einer prädefinierten Schallstrahlbewegung von einer ortsfesten Position aus. Hierdurch lassen sich bewegte 3D-Bilder kardialer Strukturen erzeugen. Als Technik zur Veranschaulichung komplexer räumlicher Beziehungen ist die 3D-Echokardiographie insbesondere zur Untersuchung des Mitralrings und bei kongenitalen Fehlbildungen des Herzens eingesetzt worden. Die 3-D-Datensätze erlauben die nachträgliche Analyse in jeder gewünschten Schnittführung und somit sehr genaue Volumen- und Massenberechnungen, wie mehrere Arbeitsgruppen mit unterschiedlichen Methodiken übereinstimmend gezeigt haben. Die prinzipielle quantitative Überlegenheit der Methode beruht auf dem vollständigeren Datensatz im Vergleich zur 2D-Echokardiographie. Auch Farbdopplerbilder können dreidimensional rekonstruiert werden, allerdings derzeit nur als Grauwertbilder. Der breite klinische Einsatz der Methode ist derzeit durch den großen manuellen Aufwand zur Gewinnung quantitativer Daten und zum Teil noch unzureichende Bildqualität limitiert. Die rasche technische Entwicklung einschließlich der Echtzeit-3D-Technik weisen der Methode jedoch einen sicheren Platz im echokardiographischen Instrumentarium der Zukunft zu.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Transesophageal echocardiography — mitral regurgitation — color Doppler — proximal jet width — proximal convergence zone ; Schlüsselwörter Transösophageale Echokardiographie — Mitralinsuffizienz — Farbdoppler — proximale Jetbreite — proximale Konvergenzzone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In transesophageal echocardiography several methods have been used to grade mitral regurgitation. For a direct comparison of these techniques, 36 patients (60 ± 13 years) with native mitral regurgitation underwent multiplane transesophageal echocardiography and angiography within 5 days. We compared the following measurements: 1) The maximal color jet area of mitral regurgitation, 2) the ratio of maximal systolic to diastolic pulmonary venous flow velocity in the left upper pulmonary vein, 3) the proximal jet width of mitral regurgitation, 4) the maximal regurgitant flow rate Qmax, measured by the proximal convergence method, 5) the regurgitant orifice area Areg, calculated by dividing Qmax by maximal regurgitant velocity obtained by continuous wave Doppler. Results: The correlation between color jet area (r = 0.4; p 〈 0.05) or pulmonary venous flow (r = –0.3; p = n.s.) with angiographic severity of mitral regurgitation is low. The sensitivity of the retrospective best cut-off values is 69% (color jet area) and 83% (pulmonary venous flow). Using retrospective best cut-off values all patients with mitral regurgitation Sellers grade III and IV are correctly identified by a proximal jet width ≥ 0.7 cm, Qmax≥ 300 ml/s or a Areg≥ 0.5 cm2 (sensitivity and specifity of 83–100%). Spearman's rank coefficient demonstrated a high correlation (r = 0.75–0.77; p 〈 0.001) between proximal jet width, Qmax and Areg and with angiographic severity. Conclusion: Multiplane transesophageal echocardiographic grading of mitral regurgitation by proximal jet width or proximal convergence zone shows comparably good results and is clearly superior to grading by color jet area or pulmonary venous flow, if adequate image quality is achieved.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Schweregradeinteilung der Mitralinsuffizienz stehen verschiedene Methoden in der transösophagealen Echokardiographie zur Verfügung. Zum Vergleich der Methoden wurden 36 Patienten (60 ± 13 Jahre) mit angiographisch gesicherter Mitralinsuffizienz (Einteilung nach Sellers) innerhalb von 5 Tagen multiplan transösophageal untersucht. Gemessen wurde: 1. die maximale Farbdopplerjetfläche der Mitralinsuffizienz, 2. der Quotient aus maximaler systolischer und diastolischer pulmonalvenöser Flußgeschwindigkeit in der linken oberen Pulmonalvene, 3. die proximale Jetbreite der Mitralinsuffizienz, 4. der maximale momentane Regurgitationsfluß Qmax, gemessen mit der proximalen Flußkonvergenz-Methode, 5. die Regurgitationsfläche Areg aus dem Quotienten Qmax und der maximalen Regurgitationsgeschwindigkeit. Ergebnisse: Die Korrelation der Farbjetfläche (r = 0,4; p 〈 0,05) oder der pulmonalvenösen Flußgeschwindigkeit (r = –0,3; p = n.s.) mit dem angiographischen Schweregrad ist niedrig. Die Sensitivität der besten Trennwerte beträgt 69% für die Farbjetfläche und 83% für die pulmonalvenöse Flußgeschwindigkeit. Alle Sellers-III- und -IV-Fälle wurden mit einer proximalen Jetbreite ≥ 0,7 cm, einem Qmax≥ 300 ml/s oder Areg≥ 0,5 cm2 korrekt identifiziert (Sensitivitäten und Spezifitäten 83–100%). Der Spearman-Rangkoeffiziententest zeigte vergleichbar hohe Korrelationen (r = 0,75–0,77; p 〈 0,001) zwischen proximaler Jetbreite, Qmax oder Areg und angiographischem Schweregrad. Schlußfolgerung: Die Beurteilung der Mitralinsuffizienz in der multiplanen transösophagealen Echokardiographie nach der proximalen Flußkonvergrenzmethode oder der proximalen Jetbreite liefert vergleichbar gute Ergebnisse und ist der Einstufung nach der Farbjetfläche oder der pulmonalvenösen Flußgeschwindigkeit überlegen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 431 (1977), S. 164-174 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations of the Structure and the Melting Behaviour of (C6H5)2As2Se3 and (CH3)3As3Se3The compounds (C6H5)2As2Se3 and (CH3)3As3Se3 exist in a crystalline and a glass-like form. Both phases were investigated by the methods of mass, i.r., and u.v. spectroscopy and by DTA. The mass-spectroscopic fragmentation patterns are shown. The proposed structures of the crystalline forms are confirmed by these results. In the melts equilibria exist between the cyclic molecules of the crystalline forms and chains and other rings. On attempts to prepare the compound (C6H5)3As3Se3, only (C6H5)2As2Se3 was found. The possible reasons of the preferred stability of the five ring molecule are discussed.
    Notes: Die Verbindungen (C6H5)2As2Se3 und (CH3)3As3Se3 können sowohl kristallin als auch glasartig erhalten werden. Beide Zustandsformen werden massen-, IR- und elektronen-spektroskopisch und differentialthermoanalytisch untersucht. Über das massenspektroskopische Fragmentierungsverhalten wird berichtet. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen den Strukturvorschlag für die kristallinen Formen beider Verbindungen. Beim Schmelzen findet zumindest teilweise eine Ringöffnung und -umlagerung statt, wobei auch höher aggregierte Spezies entstehen. Bei Versuchen, eine Verbindung der Zusammensetzung (C6H5)3As3Se3 darzustellen, entstand stets (C6H5)2As2Se3. Die möglichen Ursachen der bevorzugten Stabilität des Fünfringes werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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