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  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1975-1979  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 5545-5552 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The properties of a proton source developed for use in a pulsed high power magnetically insulated ion diode have been determined. The source is created from a sliding gas discharge on the surface of a thin double layer of TiH and Pd deposited on an insulating substrate. By driving a short (〈20 ns) high current pulse through the metal films hydrogen is released from the Ti store and a multichannel electrical breakdown is created in the desorbed gas layer. The uniformity of this breakdown depends on the capacitance per area of the multilayer setup. It has been found that the breakdown always occurs after the same areal gas density has been released. The density as well as the temperature of the plasma depend on a continuous influx of hydrogen from the reservoir and on the expansion. The electron temperature decreased from up to 12 early in the pulse to less than 3 eV late in the pulse. Over a distance of 1 mm the plasma density falls from 1017 at the surface to 1015 cm−3. The plasma expansion is stopped by a strong magnetic field parallel to the surface; however, the neutral hydrogen density increased with increasing magnetic field. Carbon ions are the most important contaminant of the hydrogen plasma. However, their fraction is smaller than 10%. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2095
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The relative bioavailability of ascorbic acid (AA) from several sources was compared in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Fingerling trout were offered AA, and equimolar amounts of ascorbyl monophosphate Ca salt (CaAMP) or ascorbyl monophosphate-K, Mg salt (K/MgAMP) at graded levels of 20, 40, 80 and 320 mg kg−1. A control group was fed the same formula diet devoid of AA. During the 12 week long experiment, dietary concentrations of CaAMP and K/MgAMP remained unchanged while AA concentration decreased by 62.5%. No significant growth differences were found over a 12 week growout period, during which body weights increased 8–9 fold. No mortality or acute scurvy signs were observed in fish. Lysozyme activities tended to decrease in fingerlings supplemented with the highest AA level from all sources, although the difference was significant only in the case of the CaAMP diets. Blood plasma alkaline phosphatase showed no significant differences between treatments. However, phosphatase activity toward ascorbyl monophosphate (AMP) extracted from the intestine showed a gradual increase as the dietary AMP source was increased from 20 to 80 mg kg−1. Significant differences were found in AA concentration in the liver after 3 weeks of feeding graded levels of different sources of ascorbic acid. The differences in tissue AA concentrations among groups fed different dietary supplements increased with the duration of feeding. The bioavailability of AA and AA esters as measured by AA concentrations in the liver, kidney, intestine and blood plasma were equal. Despite the decrease in AA concentration in feeds supplemented with unprotected ascorbic acid after several weeks of storage, relationships between concentrations of ascorbic acid in the liver and those actually measured in feeds were not significantly different between treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 34 (1995), S. 198-205 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Forelle ; Tocopherol ; Phyllochinon ; Antioxidans ; Lipidstabilität ; Trout ; tocopherol ; phylloquinone ; antioxidant ; storage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Rainbow trouts were fed a complete diet with 12 mg vitamin K3 and supplemented with 20, 200 or 2 000 mg all-rac-α-tocopheryl-acetate/kg for 18 weeks. The ratio of the vitamin E-supplementation was 1 : 10 : 100. Fillets were minced and stored at −18 °C. Concentrations of α-tocopherol and phylloquinone and parameters of lipid peroxidation were measured after 4, 6, and 8 months of storage. The effects of α-tocopherol incorporated into fillets on storage stability were assessed by measuring free fatty acids, peroxides, malondialdehyde and lipofuscin. Mean α-tocopherol-concentrations in fillets were 1.4, 2.7 and 16.3 mg/100 g, respectively representing ratios of 1 : 2 : 12. The increase in α-tocopherol concentration resulted in a significant improvement of storage stability. The phylloquinone concentration in fillet was reduced in treatments with ≥200 mg vitamin E/kg; however, this did not affect the prothrombin time. No peroxides were detectable at any time. The concentrations of malondialdehyde significantly decreased with increasing supplementation of vitamin E. Lipofuscin concentrations were higher with low than with high vitamin E supplementation. The dose-related inhibition of lipid peroxidation became apparent in decreased concentrations of the free fatty acids in the crude fat. These results confirm the effectiveness of α-tocopherol as antioxidant in fish flesh. In this study the incorporation of α-tocopherol from dietary supplementation improved the long-term storage quality of trout fillets due to the effective inhibition of the lipid peroxidation. A measurable improvement of the storage stability was achieved with a supplementation of 200 mg vitamin E/kg feed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Filet von Forellen, die 18 Wochen lang ein Futter mit 12 mg Menadion/kg und mit drei im Konzentrationsverhältnis von 1 : 10 : 100 gestaffelten Dosierungen von all-rac-α-Tocopherylacetat (20, 200 und 2 000 mg/kg) erhalten hatten, wurde homogenisiert und bei −18 °C gelagert. Nach Lagerung über 4, 6 und 8 Monaten wurden die Konzentrationen an α-Tocopherol und Phyllochinon sowie von freien Fettsäuren, Peroxiden, Malondialdehyd und Lipofuszin als Parameter der Lipidperoxidation analysiert. Die mittleren α-Tocopherolgehalte betrugen 1,4; 2,7 und 16,3 mg/100 g Filet, entsprechend einem Konzentrationsverhältnis von etwa 1 : 2 : 12. Der dosisabhängige Anstieg bewirkte eine deutliche Verbesserung der Lagerstabilität. Die hohen Dosen an Vitamin E führten zu abnehmenden Gehalten an Phyllochinon im Fischmuskel, die ohne Einfluß auf die Prothrombinzeit waren. Die dosisabhängige Hemmung der enzymatisch katalysierten Fettoxidation spiegelte sich in abfallenden Gehalten an freien Fettsäuren im Rohfett wider. Peroxide waren an keinem Untersuchungstermin nachweisbar. Die Gehalte an Malondialdehyd sanken mit zunehmender Supplementierung von Vitamin E signifikant ab. Derselbe Einfluß zeigte sich bei Lipofuszin. Die Anreicherung der Filets mit α-Tocopherol nach Supplementierung des Futters begünstigte eine längerfristige Qualität bei Gefrierlagerung infolge einer effektiven Hemmung der Lipidperoxidation. Bereits mit der Dosierung von 200 mg α-Tocopherylacetat/kg Futter konnte im Vergleich zur Dosierung von 20 mg/kg eine meßbare Verbesserung der Lagerstabilität erzielt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 485-487 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fermentation of leafy food occurs in the enlarged saccus gastricus of the colobus monkey with the formation of volatile fatty acid, as in the rumen of ruminant animals. About half of the digestible organic matter and cellulose of the diet is digested in this way.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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