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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitive optical detection of the shock front and fast moving surface for shock study in condensed media in the 1 GPa stress region (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 1730-1734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Based on the light extinction of total internal reflection by triangular prisms, very sensitive detection of the shock front and fast moving free surface has been demonstrated for 1 GPa shock waves in polymers. This is the first experimental verification of the feasibility of the inclined-prism technique for the relatively low shock stress region, which was originally proposed and used by Eden and Wright for obtaining the high-explosive generated shock Hugoniot of several condensed materials. The present method has the advantage that it only requires closing the gap between the free surface of the target and the reflected surface of the prisms. The feasibility and the limitation of the method have been discussed both theoretically and experimentally. A typical streak photograph for a PMMA specimen is shown to compare with the published data. It is seen that the present method is very sensitive for shock arrival detection even in the 1 GPa shock stress region. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148833
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fraktionierung von Poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamat durch Gelpermeationschromatographie (1975)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 253 (1975), S. 351-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02352226
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional NMR Spectroscopy (1977)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 64 (1977), S. 581-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00450641
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cooling of pulsed laser-ablated plasma plume in an ambient gas and the onset condition of clustering in nanoparticle synthesis (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 69 (1999), S. S235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 36.40; 47.11; 79.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The flow field in an ambient gas induced by pulsed-laser ablation of Si target surface was simulated numerically. To treat the Si particles in the evaporated gas and ambient gas separately, the CIP numerical method was used to track the interface of the two media. Appreciable interface instabilities were found which may enhance the mutual particle diffusion. This result shows a strong effect on the cooling of Si particles in the flow field. The degree of supersaturation was defined and the flow field was discussed to obtain the effects of the parameters on the clustering process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003399900232
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal effects on laser-ablated particle velocities from thin film targets (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 69 (1999), S. S791 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 32.80; 44.10; 79.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The thermal history of the target surface on the plume dynamics was studied by high-speed streak photography. A thin aluminum layer was deposited on a thick substrate material. By choosing substrate materials with different thermal conductivity, it is possible to control the heat flux inside the target material, which in turn controls the particle ejection process. In all the experimental conditions tested, the plume was found to have two different velocity clouds. By a series of experiments with different substrate materials, their velocities were shown to depend on the substrate material. The heat conduction equation was solved to simulate the temperature history of the target materials. The result was discussed with those from streak photography and burn patterns, showing an appreciable dependence on the heat conductivity of the material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390051531
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical observation of flow field induced by pulsed laser ablation of selected target materials (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 69 (1999), S. S707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 36.40; 42.68; 79.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A flow field induced by pulsed laser ablation of several target materials in air was observed by high-speed photography. Two Nd:YAG lasers were used in this study, one as an energy source and the other as a light source. Propagation of produced shock wave front in the early stage was visualized by the laser shadowgraphy technique. We found an appreciable density variation after about 100 μs of laser irradiation. We have tested the targets of several kinds of metals, silicon, and graphite, and observed the same phenomena at a similar delay time. This dark shadow region seems to represent the cloud of nanoparticles produced by ablated materials, which can be collected on a glass plate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390051511
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low temperature synthesis of β-FeSi2 thin films by pulsed laser deposition (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 18 (1999), S. 1755-1756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006671009577
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of growth conditions on the structure of two-dimensional latex crystals: modeling (1999)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 277 (1999), S. 1152-1161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Two-dimensional crystal ; Kinetics of crystal growth ; Nucleation ; Capillary force ; Meniscus profile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Essential experimental features of the nucleation and growth of a 2D colloidal crystal on a solid substrate are modeled. The crystal, composed of sub-micron-sized latex spheres, is grown by the evaporation of water from the particle suspension in a circular cell. The calculation of the meniscus profile in the cell allows the prediction of the particle volume fraction in the suspension surrounding the crystal as a function of time. This quantity enters into a convective-diffusion model for the crystal growth which calculates the crystal radius as a function of time. Comparison with experimental data for 2D latex particle crystals shows predominant convective growth over a wide range of evaporation rates set by varying the humidity of the air. Microscopic parameters of the particle assembly can also be estimated such as the particle velocity, diffusivity, characteristic time constants, Peclet number, etc. The nucleation is simulated by simultaneously solving the equations of motion for the ensemble of particles trapped in a thin liquid film using the discrete-element method. These equations account for the forces which are physically important in the system: contact particle–particle friction, increased viscous resistance during the particle motion in a wetting film, long-range capillary attraction between two particles screened by the rest of particles. The final result of the simulation is a particle cluster of hexagonal packing, whose structure resembles very much the monolayer nucleus of latex particles observed experimentally. The models proposed by us could also be implemented for the aggregation of species in a variety of practical processes such as coating, texturing, crystal growth from a melt or liquid solution, or a biological array.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050504
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of growth conditions on the structure of two-dimensional latex crystals: experiment (1999)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 277 (1999), S. 914-930 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Two-dimensional crystal ; Kinetics of crystal growth ; Growth instability ; Surface plasmon resonance ; Crystal defect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The growth kinetics and structure of two-dimensional crystals of fine latex particles on solid substrates have been studied using a variety of microscopic techniques: optical microscopy, surface plasmon resonance microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. A circular-shaped crystal is grown from a thin layer of a latex suspension by a two-step mechanism: nucleation and crystal growth. Here we report an experimental study of the factors influencing the crystallization process, especially focusing on the water evaporation rate, the liquid meniscus at the crystal boundary, the particle size and concentration, the substrate, etc. Crystals of good quality and structure are grown at a high evaporation rate (low humidity) favoring a convection-dominated influx of particles from the suspension. The particle diffusion plays a role at suppressed evaporation thus causing an increase in the number of crystal defects. The dynamics of the meniscus slope leads to growth instability resulting in a sequence of multilayer rings. A hexagonal lattice prevails in the final crystal whereas a square lattice is observed in the transition regions between two different hexagonal multilayers. These general trends of the crystallization process are the same for different particle diameters (19 nm, 55 nm, 144 nm and 1.696 μm), volume fractions (0.001–0.01) and substrates (bare and metal-coated glass and mica).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050471
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of dimers in lipid monolayers (1996)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 274 (1996), S. 227-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Lipid dimers ; lipid monolayers ; membranes of lipids ; surface potential of lipids ; surface pressure of lipids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this work, we analyse theoretically the hypothesis that zwitterionic lipids form dimers in adsorption monolayers on water/ hydrocarbon phase boundary. A dimer can be modelled as a couple of lipid molecules whose headgroup lateral dipole moments have antiparallel orientation. Properties including surface pressure, chemical potentials and activity coefficients are deduced from a general expression for the free energy of the monolayer. The theoretical model is in a good agreement with experimental data for surface pressure and surface potential of lipid monolayers. The results favour the hypothesis about formation of dimers in equilibrium with monomers, with the amount of the species depending on the area per molecule and temperature. The reaction of dimerisation turns out to be exothermic with a heat of about 2.5kT per dimer. The results may be applied to the molecular models of membrane structures and mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665639
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