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  • 1995-1999  (17)
  • 1970-1974  (15)
  • 1930-1934
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (27)
  • Engineering  (3)
  • EPDM synthesis  (2)
  • Malondialdehyde  (2)
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Material
Years
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of α-tocopherol over the time course of experimental IgA nephropathy (1999)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 13 (1999), S. 108-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Experimental IgA nephropathy ; Rats ; Malondialdehyde ; Transforming growth factor β1 mRNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The present study investigated the pathogenesis and the time course of kidney injury in experimental IgA nephropathy. In order to determine an appropriate period in the course of experimental IgA nephropathy to study renal injury and repair, we examined proteinuria and IgA deposition in the renal mesangium after 4, 8, and 16 weeks of mucosal challenge by bovine gamma globulins (BGG) provided in the drinking water. The hallmark of IgA deposition in the mesangium was present after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of BGG inoculation, but by 16 weeks, the mesangial IgA deposition had resolved. In addition, we confirmed our previous report on the beneficial effects of α-tocopherol in reducing proteinuria in IgA nephropathy at 8 weeks, and extended this observation to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of α-tocopherol at both 4 weeks and 16 weeks. Proteinuria resolved spontaneously at 16 weeks. There is oxidative stress, as suggested by the elevation in plasma and renal malondialdehyde content, and increased fibrogenic cytokine message, as suggested by elevated transforming growth factor β1 mRNA. These increases were clearly blunted by α-tocopherol at both 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Treatment with α-tocopherol was associated with a significant reduction in the severity of proteinuria. Thus, our data suggest that the period between 4 and 8 weeks of BGG vaccination could be relevant in designing an appropriate model to study the molecular biology of the pathogenesis of renal injury and the effects of treatment. The 16-week model may be useful in exploring gene expression involved with spontaneous resolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050573
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vitamin E suppresses oxidative stress and glomerulosclerosis in rat remnant kidney (1999)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 13 (1999), S. 195-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Vitamin E ; 5/6 Nephrectomy rats ; Oxidative stress ; Malondialdehyde ; Transforming growth factor β ; Glomerulosclerotic index ; Remnant kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Previous studies have shown that reduction of renal mass in the rat remnant kidney model induces overproduction of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). We investigated whether an antioxidant, vitamin E, administered before the renal mass reduction, could prevent oxidative stress, reduce the overproduction of TGFβ1, and mitigate against the subsequent glomerulosclerosis. Our results revealed that the oxidative stress, as measured by the change in plasma malondialdehyde, is significantly reduced by prior vitamin E dietary supplementation. Finally, our data show that dietary vitamin E supplementation ameliorates the rise in TGFβ1 secondary to renal mass reduction and inhibits the glomerular sclerosis of the remnant kidney over the time course of this experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050591
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic triangulation of arbitrary planar domains for the finite element method (1974)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 8 (1974), S. 679-696 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The object of this paper is to describe a new algorithm for the semi-automatic triangulation of arbitrary, multiply connected planar domains. The strategy is based upon a modification of a finite element mesh genration algorithm recently developed. 1 The scheme is designed for maximum flexibility and is capable of generating meshes of triangular elements for the decomposition of virtually any multiply connected planar domain. Moreover, the desired density of elements in various regions of the problem domain is specified by the user, thus allowing him to obtain a mesh decomposition appropriate to the physical loading and/or boundary conditions of the particular problem at hand. Several examples are presented to illustrate the applicability of the algorithm. An extension of the algorithm to the triangulation of shell structures is indicated.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620080402
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels. Formation by electron beam irradiation of aqueous solutions and subsequent crystallization (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 3779-3794 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Aqueous solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol) were submitted to varying doses of electron beam irradiation. By modification of the classical Flory-Huggins equations appropriate to the initial state of solution of the polymer, the molecular weight between crosslinks, Mc, was calculated as a function of radiation dose, initial polymer concentration, and temperature. Following crosslinking in the solution state, crystallization was induced by dehydrating the network at temperatures above 90°C. Following dehydration, the polymer network was reequilibrated with water and its tensile properties compared with identically prepared hydrogels not subjected to crystallization by dehydration. Greatly enhanced values of ultimate tensile strength and resistance to tear result from the treatment producing crystallization, compared with those of the crosslinked but not previously dehydrated gels.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070171219
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular mechanics study of zirconocenium catalyzed isospecific polymerization of propylene (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 125-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: isospecific polymerization ; stereocontrol energy ; agostic interaction ; steric insertion probability ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Stereocontrol energy (ΔE0) is investigated as a measure of enantioselectivity of ansa-zircoocenium catalyst in propylene polymerization; it was calculated with MM2 (molecular mechanics) force field using π complex (°C) and transition state (TS) geometries obtained by ab initio molecular orbital methods. Both rac-ethylenebis (1-η5-indenyl) - (1) and rac-ethylenebis (1-η5-4,5,7,8-tetrahydroindenyl) (2) zirconocenium species are isospecific in either the π-complexes or the transition states. The stereoselectivity is greater if there is α-agostic interaction; it is lowered in the cases of β and γ agostic interactions. The 13C-NMR steric pentad distribution indicates the poly(propylene) to be much less stereoregular than that predicted by ΔE0. Following the occurrence of a regiochemical insertion error, the addition of another monomer via any mode is prohibitively unfavorable. The catalyst suffers loss of stereospecificity as temperature of polymerization increases. Insertion via transition states involving different agostic interactions could be one explanation for the observed loss. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330115
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olefin terpolymerizations. II. 4-vinylcyclohexene and cyclooctadiene (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 2787-2793 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Ziegler-Natta catalysis ; EPDM synthesis ; metallocene catalyst ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 4-Vinylcyclohexene (VCH) and cyclooctadiene (COD) were investigated as termonomers in EPDM (ethylene/propylene/diene) synthesis by using rac-ethylenebis (1-η5-indenyl) zir-conium dichloride (1) as a catalyst precursor. Homopolymerizations of VCH, vinylcycloh-exane and cyclohexene were compared. The parameter Kπκp, which is the apparent rate constant for Ziegler-Natta polymerization, is about the same for VCH and vinylcyclohexanebut is 10 times smaller for cyclohexene. Therefore, the linear olefinic double bond is more active than the cyclic internal double bond. VCH reduces ethylene polymerization rate but not propylene polymerization rate in copolymerizations. In terpolymerizations, VCH tends to suppress ethylene incorporation especially at elevated polymerization temperature and Lowers the polymer MW by about two-fold. COD has very low activity as a termonomer. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080331612
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ansa-Zirconocenium catalysis of syndiospecific polymerization of propylene: Theory and experiment (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 1085-1094 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Ziegler-Natta catalysis ; zirconocene catalysts ; molecular modeling ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The syndiospecific propylene polymerizations catalyzed by isopropylidene(cyclopentadienyl)(fluorenyl)- and (2,2-dimethylpropylidene)(cyclopentadienyl)(fluorenyl)-zirconocenium (1+ and 2+) have been investigated theoretically and compared with experimental observations. With the ab initio calculated structures for the transition state (TS) of 1+(M)P and 2+(M)P (M = propylene, P = 2-methylpentyl), their steric energies (E°) have been computed using MM2 force-field. The difference between steric energies E°(m) and E°(r) for the meso and racemic enchainment of propylene, respectively, is defined as the stereocontrol energy [δE°(m - r)] for syndiotactic propagation. The δE°(m - r) for the TS of 1+ (M)P is about 2.1 kcal/mol, the value is 1 kcal/mol greater for 2+(M)P. The observed steric pentad distributions of the syndiotactic poly(propylene) obtained by these catalysts are consistent with smaller effective stereocontrol energy, which is about two-third as large as δE°(m - r) values calculated for the MM2 optimized structure. Syndiotactic enchainment is favored over isotactic enchainment for all combinations of site configurations in the catalyst. α-Agostic interaction seems to enhance syndioselectivity, whereas γ-agostic interaction changes the stereoselectivity to meso enchainment. The mirror plane symmetry of the syndiotactic propagating species renders the stereoselectivity of the polymerization insensitive to reaction conditions. These catalysts are also highly regiospecific. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330711
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerizations of olefins and diolefins catalyzed by monocyclopentadienyltitanium complexes containing a (dimethylamino)ethyl substituent and comparison with ansa-zirconocene systems (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 319-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: metallocenes ; Ziegler-Natta catalysis ; olefin polymerizations ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: {[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]cyclopentadienyl}titanium trichloride (CpNTiCl3, 1) was activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO) to catalyze polymerizations of ethylene (E), propylene (P), ethylidene norbornene (ENB), vinylcyclohexene (VCH), and 1,4-hexadiene (HD). The dependence of homopolymerization activity (A) of 1/MAO on olefin concentration ([M]n) is n = 2.0 ± 0.5 for E and n = 1.8 ± 0.2 for P. The value of n is 2.4 ± 0.2 for CpTiCl3/MAO catalysis of ethylene polymerization; this system does not polymerize propylene. 1/MAO catalyzes HD polymerization at one-tenth of AH for 1-hexene, probably because of chelation effects in the HD case. The copolymerization of E and P has reactivity ratios of rE = 6.4 and rP = 0.29 at 20°C, and rErP = 1.9, which suggests 1/MAO may be a multisite catalyst. The copolymerization activity of CpTiCl3/MAO is 50 times smaller than that of CpNTiCl3/MAO. Terpolymerization of E/P/ENB has A of 105 g of polymer/(mol of Ti h), incorporates up to 14 mol % (∼ 40 wt %) of ENB, and high MW's of 1 to 3 × 105. All of these parameters are surprisingly insensitive to the ENB concentration. The E/P/VCH terpolymerization has comparable A value of (1.3 ± 0.3) × 105 g/(mol of Ti h). The incorporation of VCH in terpolymer increases with increasing [VCH]. Terpolymerization with HD occurs at about one-third of the A of either ENB or VCH; the product HD-EPDM is low in molecular weight and contains less than 4% of HD. These terpolymerization results are compared with those obtained previously for three zirconocene precursors: rac-ethylenebis(1-η5-indenyl)dichlorozirconium (6), rac-(dimethylsilylene)bis(1-η5-indenyl)dichlorozirconium (7), and ethylenebis(9-η5-fluorenyl)dichlorozirconium (8). The last compound is a particularly poor terpolymerization catalyst; it incorporates very little VCH or HD and no ENB at all. 7/MAO is a better catalyst for E/P/VCH terpolymerization, while 6/MAO is superior in E/P/HD terpolymerization. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 319-328, 1998
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olefin terpolymerizations. I. 1,4-hexadiene (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 979-987 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Ziegler-Natta polymerization ; EPDM ; metallocene catalysts ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ethylene (E), propylene (P), and 1,4-hexadiene (HD) were terpolymerized with rac-1,2-ethylenebis (1-η5-indenyl) zirconium(IV) dichloride and methylaluminoxane (Et[Ind]2ZrCl2/MAO), and compared with the copolymerizations of E/P, E/HD, P/HD, and terpolymerization using ethylidene norbornene (ENB) as the termonomer. HD lowers the polymerization activity, the effect is more pronounced for P/HD and E/P/HD using large amount of P, than for E/HD and E/P/HD using feed low in P. The polymer molecular weight is most strongly affected by the temperature of polymerization (Tp), whereas the E/P ratio in the feed has virtually no effect. The reactivity ratios rE and rP are 3.0 and 0.3, respectively, at 20°C but rP becomes larger than rE at TP = 70°C. 1H-NMR spectra showed occurrence of cycloaddition in the homopolymerization of HD; on the other hand, HD is incorporated in the terpolymer only by linear 1,2-addition. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330612
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olefin terpolymerizations. III. Symmetry, sterics, and monomer structure in ansa-zirconocenium catalysis of EPDM synthesis (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 2795-2801 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Ziegler-Natta catalysis ; EPDM synthesis ; metallocene catalyst ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ethylenebis (η5-fluorenyl) zirconium dichloride (1) and rac-dimethylsilylene bis (1-η5-in-denyl) zirconium dichloride (2) were activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO) to catalyze ethylene (E) propylene (P) copolymerizations. The former produces high MW copolymer at 20°C rich in ethylene with reactivity ratio values of rE = 1.7 and rP 〈0.01, whereas the latter produces lower MW random copolymers with rE = 1.32 and rp = 0.36. Ethylidene norbornene (ENB) complexes with 1/MAO but does not undergo insertion in the presence of E and P. In contrast, 2/MAO catalyzes terpolymerization incorporating 9-15 mol % of ENB with slightly lower MW and activity than the corresponding copolymerizations. In comparison, 1,4-hexadiene was incorporated by 2/MAO with much lower A and MW. Terpolymerizations were also conducted with vinylcyclohexene using both catalyst systems. The steric and electronic effects in these processes were discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080331613
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