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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1970-1974  (4)
  • 1925-1929  (3)
  • Chemistry  (7)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (4)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (2)
  • Human mortality
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Microbiological Transformations of Nonsteroidal Structures, V. Microbiological Reactions of Substituted 1-Ethyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acids1-Ethyl-7-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (1) is transformed to the methyl ester by Streptomyces surinam. Penicillium adametzi hydroxylates the substrate at the 7-methyl substituent, whereas 1 -ethyl-8-methoxy-5-methyl-4-oxo- 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (4) is hydrolyzed to the free phenol by the same fungi. l-Ethyl-4-oxo-1,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydrobenzo[g]quinolinc-3-carboxylic acid (6) is hydroxylated in 7 - and 8-position by Penicillium adametzi, in 6- and 7- (or 8-) position by Streptomyces achromogenes and in 6-position by Sporotrichum sulfurescens. 5-Ethyl-8-oxo-2,3,5,8-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-g]quinoline-7-carboxylic acid (10) undergoes only a hydrolytic cleavage of the dihydrofuranering.
    Notes: 1-Äthyl-7-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrochinolin-3-carbonsäure (1) wird durch Streptomyces surinam in den Methylester umgewandelt. Penicillium adametzi hydroxyliert das Substrat am 7-Methylsubstituenten, während bei der 1 -Äthyl-8-methoxy-5-methyl-4-oxo- 1, 4-dihydrochinolin-3-carbonsäure (4) mit dem gleichen Pilz nur eine Phenolätherspaltung eintritt. 1-Äthyl-4-oxo-l,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydrobenzo[g]chinolin-3-carbonsäure (6) wird von Penicillium adametzi in 7- und 8-, von Streptomyces achromogenes in 7-(oder 8-) und 6- sowie von Spororrichum sulfurescens in 6-Stellung hydroxyliert. 5-Äthyl-8-oxo-2,3,5,8-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-g]-chinolin-7-carbonsäure (10) zeigt nur eine hydrolytische Spaltung des Dihydrofuranringes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 11 (1928), S. 731-750 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: L'étude de la conductibilité des silicates aux températures élevées peut servir à déceler et à suivre des réactions dont ces silicates peuvent être le siège.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Microbiological Transformations of Nonsteroidal Structures, III. Hydroxylation of 5-Alkyl-2-(benzenesulfonylamino)pyrimidines and Structurally Related Antidiabetics5-Alkyl-2-(arylsulfonylamino)pyrimidines (1-5 and 11-16) have been hydroxylated microbiologically Propyl, butyl, and isobutyl groups were hydroxylated at C-2, ethyl groups at C-1, isopropyl groups at C-1 and C-2, and neopentyl groups at C-3, respectively, by Streptomyces griseolus. The sulfonylurea part of the antidiabetics glibenclamid (25) and glisoxepid (29) was degradated to sulfonamide; in addition, hydroxyl groups were introduced into the 2- and 4-positions of the cyclohexane ring of 25.
    Notes: 5-Alkyl-2-(arylsulfonylamino)pyrimidine (1-5 und 11-16) wurden mikrobiologisch hydroxyliert. Mit Streptomyces griseolus wurden Propyl-, Butyl- und lsobutylgruppen an C-2, äthylgruppen an C-1, Isopropylgruppen an C-1 und C-2, sowie Neopentylgruppen an C-3 hydroxyliert. Die Antidiabetika Glibenclamid (25) und Glisoxepid (29) mit Sulfonylharnstoff-Struktur wurden zu Sulfonamiden abgebaut, ferner wurden in 2- und 4-Stellung des Cyclohexanrings von 25 Hydroxylgruppen eingeführt.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 177 (1929), S. 137-144 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 182 (1929), S. 74-92 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Während die Brom-Austreibung in Gegenwart von Sulfaten in allen Konzentrationen des betreffenden Salzes, je nach dem an- gewandten Sulfat, entweder beschleunigt oder verzögert wird, wirken alle Chloride niederer Konzentration ausschließlich verzögernd. Überall hat man ein Maximum der Verzögerung im Gebiet von etwa n/1-Endkonzentration. Es ergibt sich folgende Reihe ab- nehmender Verzögerung: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ Me^I Cl 〉 Me^{II} Cl_2 \ge Me^{III} Cl_3. $$\end{document}Eine spezifische Kationenwirkung ist nicht feststellbar. HCl ver- hält sich genau wie ein neutrales Chlorid. Das H-Ion liegt in seiner Wirkung zwischen den ein- und mehrwertigen Kationen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 1403-1406 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In polystyrene the major part of crosslinks is produced during irradiation in a “hot reaction”. 10% of the crosslinks are formed in a postreaction.A kinetic analysis of the experimental data showed the latter reaction to be first order. At larger storage times especially at higher temperatures the initial increase of crosslinks is followed by a decrease. This can only be explained if the crosslinks are formed during dissolution.We assume, that the posteffect is due to trapped cyclohexadienyl- and benzylradicals. The first order kinetics is ascribed to a transformation of cyclohexadienyl- to benzylradicals. By dissolution of the polymer after increasing storage time the reaction of cyclohexadienylradicals with benzylradicals, which leads predominantly to disproportionation, is replaced by recombination of two benzylradicals forming crosslinks. At higher temperatures and long storage times also benzylradicals must dissapear in the solid polymer by reactions not forming crosslinks.Additives like Anthracene and Naphthochinon suppress the posteffect.Based on the experimental results a reaction mechanism for the formation of crosslinks during irradiation and in the postreaction is proposed.
    Notes: Der Hauptteil der im Polystyrol radiolytisch erzeugten Kettenvernetzungen entsteht während der Bestrahlung im festen Polymeren. Es konnte jedoch gezeigt werden, daß nach Bestrahlungsende das Reaktionsgeschehen noch nicht absgeschlossen ist, sondern eine Postreaktion stattfindet, über die etwa 10% der Vernetzungen gebildet werden.Die kinetische Analyse unserer Ergebnisse ergab, daß es sich hierbei um die Aufeinanderfolge zweier Teilreaktionen handelt, deren erste, zu Vernetzungen führende, dem Reaktionsgesetz erster Ordnung gehorcht. Dabei muß angenommen werden, daß die Vernetzungen der Postreaktion erst bei der Quellung des bestrahlten Polymeren im Lösungsmittel entstehen.Das Reaktionsgeschehen wird so gedeutet, daß in der ersten Teilreaktion eine Umwandlung von Cyclohexadienylradikalen in Benzylradikale erfolgt, für die bei der Quellung die Möglichkeit der Vernetzungsbildung besteht. Im Falle höherer Lagerzeiten und beim übergang zu höherer Temperatur muß für diese Benzylradikale jedoch eine nicht zu Vernetzungen führende Konkurrenzreaktion existieren. Als solche wird Doppelbindungsbildung in Betracht gezogen.Durch die Additive Anthracen und Naphthochinon wird die Postreaktion bei der angewandten Dosis unterdrückt. Dies führen wir zurück auf das Quenchen von angeregten Zuständen bzw. das Abfangen von Radikalen, insbesondere von thermischen H-Atomen.Gestützt auf die experimentellen Ergebnisse wird ein Reaktionsmechanismus für die Ausbildung von Kettenvernetzungen während der Bestrahlung und im Posteffekt gegeben.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1339-1350 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The recently formulated weighted histogram analysis method (WHAM)1 is an extension of Ferrenberg and Swendsen's multiple histogram technique for free-energy and potential of mean force calculations. As an illustration of the method, we have calculated the two-dimensional potential of mean force surface of the dihedrals gamma and chi in deoxyadenosine with Monte Carlo simulations using the all-atom and united-atom representation of the AMBER force fields. This also demonstrates one of the major advantages of WHAM over umbrella sampling techniques. The method also provides an analysis of the statistical accuracy of the potential of mean force as well as a guide to the most efficient use of additional simulations to minimize errors. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 16 (1995), S. 1351-1356 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Current macromolecular energy minimization algorithms become inefficient and prone to failure when bond length constraints are imposed. They are required to relieve steric stresses in biomolecules prior to a molecular dynamics simulation. Unfortunately, the latter often require constraints, leading to difficulties in initiating trajectories from unconstrained energy minima. This difficulty was overcome by requiring that the components of the energy gradient vanish along the constrained bonds. The modified energy minimization algorithm converges to a lower energy in a fewer number of iterations and is more robust than current implementations. The method has been successfully applied to the Dickerson DNA dodecamer, CGCGAATTCGCG. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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