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  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1970-1974  (2)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (7)
  • Tumor immunity  (3)
  • Dopamine  (2)
  • Interleukin  (2)
  • Basidiomycete
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Year
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words Tumor antigens ; Tumor immunity ; Helper T-lymphocytes ; Interleukin ; Interferon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Baculovirus-derived recombinant simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen (T-Ag) was used to immunize BALB/c mice to examine the lymphokines produced following immunization. Specifically, we examined production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5 and interferon γ (IFNγ) from immune lymphocytes cultured with decreasing concentrations of recombinant SV40 T-Ag. We identified elevated levels of IFNγ and IL-2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a murine CTLL-2 proliferation bioassay respectively. We were unable to detect either IL-4 or IL-5. These data indicate the previously reported tumor immunity induced by recombinant SV40 T-Ag immunization most likely reflects a TH1-like immune response based on the in vitro production of both IFNγ and IL-2 by immune lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Tumor antigens ; Tumor immunity ; Helper T-lymphocytes ; Interleukin ; Interferon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Baculovirus-derived recombinant simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen (T-Ag) was used to immunize BALB/c mice to examine the lymphokines produced following immunization. Specifically, we examined production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5 and interferon γ (IFNγ) from immune lymphocytes cultured with decreasing concentrations of recombinant SV40 T-Ag. We identified elevated levels of IFNγ and IL-2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a murine CTLL-2 proliferation biossay respectively. We were unable to detect either IL-4 or IL-5. These data indicate the previously reported tumor immunity induced by recombinant SV40 T-Ag immunization most likely reflects a TH1-like immune response based on thein vitro production of both IFNγ and IL-2 by immune lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words SV40 T-Ag ; Tumor immunity ; Pulmonary metastasis ; Vaccine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this report we examine the ability of a recombinant tumor antigen preparation to prevent the establishment of experimental pulmonary metastasis. Baculovirus-derived recombinant simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen (T-Ag) was injected into BALB/c mice followed by challenge with an intravenous injection of syngeneic SV40-transformed tumorigenic cells. The experimental murine pulmonary metastasis model allows for the accurate measurement of metastatic lessions in the lungs at various times after the challenge, using computer-assisted video image analysis. Following challenge, lung metastasis and survival data for the groups of mice were obtained. Animals immunized with recombinant SV40 T-Ag showed no detectable sign of lung metastasis and survived for more than 120 days after challenge. Antibodies specific for SV40 T-Ag were detected in the serum of immunized mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Splenocytes obtained from mice immunized with recombinant SV40 T-Ag did not lyse syngeneic tumor cells, indicating that no cytotoxic T lymphocyte response was induced. Control mice developed extensive lung metastasis and succumbed to lethal tumor within 4 weeks after challenge. These data indicate that immunization with the recombinant SV40␣T-Ag induces protective, T-Ag-specific immunity in an experimental pulmonary tumor metastasis model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Methamphetamine ; Dopamine ; Serotonin ; Phentermine ; Fenfluramine ; Drug-discrimination ; Self-administration ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To analyze the involvement of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) release in the stimulus properties of methamphetamine, two amphetamine analogs that selectively release either brain DA (phentermine) or 5-HT (fenfluramine) were tested for their ability to substitute for methamphetamine in rats discriminating methamphetamine (1.0 mg/kg) from saline. They were subsequently tested for their ability to alter IV methamphetamine (0.06 mg/kg per injection) self-administration in the same species when given as a pretreatment. The DA releaser phentermine, like methamphetamine itself, decreased methamphetamine self-administration (to 70% of baseline responding), but only at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg that fully generalized to the methamphetamine stimulus in the discrimination study. The 5-HT releaser fenfluramine attenuated methamphetamine self-administration to a much larger extent than phentermine (to 37% of baseline responding) at a dose of 1.8 mg/kg that did not generalize to methamphetamine and did not decrease rate of responding in the discrimination study. Tolerance developed to the inhibitory effect of 1.8 mg/kg fenfluramine on methamphetamine self-administration when it was given repeatedly over four consecutive daily sessions. The fenfluramine-induced decrease in methamphetamine self-administration was also attenuated when it was given together with the small 1.0 mg/kg dose of phentermine. These results suggest that DA release plays a dominant role in the discriminative stimulus effects of methamphetamine. However, stimulation of 5-HT release can strongly modify methamphetamine self-administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Drug discrimination ; Microdialysis ; Dopamine ; Serotonin ; Phentermine ; Fenfluramine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clinical case studies suggest that combined administration of the serotonergic agent fenfluramine (FEN) and the weak amphetamine-like anorexic agent phentermine (PHEN) may be useful in the treatment of alcohol and cocaine addictions. The present experiment examined the nature of the interaction between the two agonists using the drug discrimination paradigm. In vivo microdialysis served to examine the neurochemical profile of dopamine and serotonin release in the nucleus accumbens. In conscious rats, acute injections of FEN (1.0–2.0 mg/kg IP) or PHEN (1.0–2.0 mg/kg IP) selectively elevated levels of serotonin and dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, respectively. A mixture (1 mg/kg of each) increased levels of both amines by similar magnitudes to those observed with each individually. Three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate (1) FEN (1.0 mg/kg IP) alone, (2) PHEN (1.0 mg/kg IP) alone or a mixture (3) PHEN+FEN (1 mg/kg of each, IP) from saline under a fixed ratio (FR-10) schedule of food reinforcement. Rats acquired the mixture discrimination rapidly, while for the other groups the training dose had to be increased to 2.0 mg/kg to attain stimulus control. The individual components of the mixture at the training dose generalized partially to the mixture, and complete generalisation was observed following 3.0 mg/kg FEN or PHEN. Rats trained to discriminate the individual components showed respective cross-generalisation profiles. Generalisation to cocaine (0.3–10.0 mg/kg IP), amphetamine (0.1–3.0 mg/kg IP) and nicotine (0.1–0.8 mg/kg SC) was greatest in the MIX-trained rats, while partial or no generalisation was observed in rats trained to discriminate the individual compounds. From the present results, it may be concluded that the two drugs given as a mixture do not produce a novel cue. Rather, these aminergics appear to interact additively. Furthermore, the dual stimulation of the amines by the mixture may be the basis for the cueing effects of the FEN+PHEN drug mixture, and its effectiveness in treating drug addictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 64 (1997), S. 390-402 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: carboxy-terminal repeat domain (CTD) ; RNA polymerase II ; cyclin-dependent kinases ; phosphorylation ; transcription ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Cdc2 kinase triggers the entry of mammalian cells into mitosis, the only cell cycle phase in which transcription is globally repressed. We show here that Cdc2 kinase phosphorylates components of the RNA polymerase II transcription machinery including the RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal repeat domain (CTD). To test specifically the effect of CTD phosphorylation by Cdc2 kinase, we used a yeast in vitro transcription extract that is dependent on exogenous RNA polymerase II that contains a CTD. Phosphorylation was carried out using immobilized Cdc2 so that the kinase could be removed from the phosphorylated polymerase. ATPγS and Cdc2 kinase were used to produce an RNA polymerase 110 that was not detectably dephosphorylated in the transcription extract. RNA polymerase 110 produced in this way was defective in promoter-dependent transcription, suggesting that phosphorylation of the CTD by Cdc2 kinase can mediate transcription repression during mitosis. In addition, we show that phosphorylation of pol II with the human TFIIH-associated kinase Cdk7 also decreases transcription activity despite a different pattern of CTD phosphorylation by this kinase. These results extend previous findings that RNA polymerase 110 is defective in preinitiation complex formation. Here we demonstrate that phosphorylation of the CTD by cyclin-dependent kinases with different phosphoryl acceptor specificities can inhibit transcription in a CTD-dependent transcription system. J. Cell. Biochem. 64:390-402. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 180 (1974), S. 565-579 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Seminiferous tubules from mouse testes were studied with the light microscope after the efferent ductules had been ligated for 48 hours. As a consequence of ligation, the tubules became markedly distended by the fluid which they accumulated; the epithelium was reduced in height, and exhibited a significantly less complex stratification than in the normal. Longitudinal sections of the distended tubules, particularly those in the early stages of the seminiferous cycle, revealed pillar-like epithelial profiles arranged in a repetitive series. Each “pillar” consisted of Sertoli cell cytoplasm along with two generations of spermatids, the older generation embedded within the Sertoli cell, and the younger generation aligned, one cell above the other, along its sides. Oblique or grazing sections through tubules exhibiting the same stages of spermiogenesis revealed band-like epithelial profiles arranged in parallel array. The two types of epithelial configurations are interpreted as representing a series of circumferentially oriented ridges within the tubule. It is postulated that each spermatid generation within a ridge constitutes a single clone, and that it is the cytoplasmic bridges joining the spermatids, in combination with their attachment to the Sertoli cells, which provide the organization, delineation, and structural stability of the ridges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The basal region of proximal convoluted tubule cells from mouse kidney was studied with the electron microscope. Particular attention was given to grazing sections, i.e., sections whose plane was approximately parallel to that of the basement lamina. The findings indicate that many of the “basal compartments” of the proximal convoluted cells are elongate parallel structures which contain aggregations of filaments resembling those of smooth muscle. These elongate structures, referred to as myoid bands, react positively with dyes which are selective for muscle tissue. Close membrane appositions are also seen in grazing sections, apparently related to the myoid bands, at least by virtue of location.In addition, the basal region of the proximal convoluted tubule cells possesses branching microvillous processes. Because of their arrangement, the basal extracellular space associated with the microvillous processes appears as a maze-like network of channels. The microvillous processes and the associated extracellular space are at a level just slightly higher than the level of the myoid bands. This space appears to be distinct from the basal labyrinth inasmuch as the latter extends well into the mitochondrial region of the cell, whereas the basal extracellular space does not. In places, the microvillous processes extend to the basement lamina between the myoid bands.It is postulated that the microvillous processes and the related extracellular space are associated with fluid transport and that the myoid bands may constitute a regulatory device related to the control of fluid movement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 165 (1995), S. 367-375 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The expression of the 72 kD inducible heat shock protein (hsp72) has been reported to be cell cycle associated in unheated, synchronized HeLa cells. In this study, flow cytomerty was used to investigate hsp72 levels through the cell cycle in HeLa cells by dual labeling with propidium iodide and antibodies against hsp72. The entire cell cycle distribution of hsp72 could be measured in a single sample of asynchronously growing cells. For unheated cells, the level of hsp72 increased about 30% from G1 to S phase, with about a 65% increase in G2/M, probably due to cell size differences. Neither mitotic selection nor serum stimulation induced a higher level of hsp72 than in the control cells. Western blot analysis of hsp72 from Hoechst-stained cells sorted from G1, mid-S, or G2/M showed that G1 cells had the lowest level of hsp72, with about a 30% increase in S phase and a 60% increase in G2/M, in good agreement with the flow cytometry results. These data conflict with previous reporty by other laboratories which showed a 3-fold higher level of hsp72 in S phase than in G1 or G2. In contrast, heat shock (both acute and chronic) led to a non-uniform increase in hsp72 through the cell cycle. Most cells in mid S phase had high levels of hsp72, and a larger range in the levels of hsp72 were found in G1 and late S/G2/M phase cells. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 164 (1995), S. 491-498 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: RNA blots of total cellular RNA isolated from quiescent and endothelin (ET-1)-stimulated normal rat kidney (NRK) cells demonstrated that ET-1 induced the expression of c-jun, jun B, and c-fos mRNA in a time-dependent manner with maximal expression of mRNA by 1 hr after the addition of ET-1. Five hundred picomolal ET-1 was sufficient to induce maximal mRNA expression. These data agreed with saturation experiments which demonstrated that maximal binding of [125I]ET-1 was achieved at concentrations greater than 100 pM. The Kd and Bmax values for [125I]ET-1 binding to NRK membranes were 20.5 pM and 22.2 fmol/mg protein, respectively. Competition experiments for the binding of [125I]ET-1 to NRK membranes demonstrated that ET-1 was a more potent inhibitor (Ki = 0.047 nM) than ET-3 (Ki = 10.8 nM). No specific binding of [125I]ET-3 (40 or 500 pM) to NRK membranes could be observed. The expression of c-jun, jun B, and c-fos mRNA was inhibited by the endothelin type A receptor (ET)-selective antagonist, BQ-123. Thus, these data demonstrate that ET-1 mediates the expression of immediate response gene mRNA in NRK cells via the ETA receptor. ET-1 stimulation of NRK cells also upregulated EGF receptors, providing a possible mechanism for ET-1 complementation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) mitogenicity in NRK cells. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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