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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The PNS was anticipated to be involved in the modulation of immune responses. To study aspects of this neuronal-immune communication, a recently developed tissue slice method was used to study the effects of adrenergic and opioidergic transmitters on interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion in the spleen. The α2-adrenergic agonist p-aminoclonidine (10−7M) inhibited IL-6 secretion (control vs. p-aminoclonidine, 100.0 ± 4.76 vs. 59.3 ± 6.6% of control values; p 〈 0.001). The α1-adrenergic agonist methoxamine (10−8M) also inhibited IL-6 secretion (100.0 ± 4.8 vs. 71.5 ± 3.8%; p 〈 0.001). The endogenous opioids β-endorphin (10−10M), methionine-enkephalin (10−9M), and leucine-enkephalin (10−9M) inhibited IL-6 secretion as well (p = 0.0051, p = 0.0337, and p = 0.0226, respectively). Electrical stimulation of spleen slices inhibited IL-6 secretion (100.0 ± 4.3 vs. 56.7 ± 4.6% of control values; p 〈 0.001). The involvement of α-adrenergic and opioidergic molecules in this electrically induced inhibition was shown by the use of antagonists. Electrical inhibition of IL-6 secretion was attenuated by phentolamine (10−7M; p = 0.0345), by naloxone (10−6M; p = 0.0046), by cyprodime (10−8M; p = 0.0014), and by the combination of cyprodime (10−7M) plus phentolamine (10−8M; p 〈 0.0001). We conclude from the complementary studies that the inhibition of IL-6 secretion induced by electrical pulses was mostly mediated by α-adrenergic and μ-opioidergic endogenous transmitters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Social development 4 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9507
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: In this study, we explored the everyday experiences of 40 infants from families who migrated recently from Central America to the US. Another 42 infants from middle class families of Euro-American background were included to facilitate the evaluation of our methodology and findings. Detailed descriptions of the previous 24 hours were obtained by interviewing the mothers when their infants were 8 and 12 months of age. The infants' experiences and activities were very similar in both groups, and the effects of the mothers', fathers' or others' presence on ongoing activities were similar, too. The groups differed with regard to (1) the circadian distribution of activities, (2) opportunities for interactions with various people, and (3) the differences between weekdays and weekends. Overall, the social worlds of the Central American children were characterized by the simultaneous presence of several people and thus by multiple social partners. The social worlds of the Euro-American children were characterized by more opportunities for dyadic interactions and by exposure to fewer partners.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 40 (1997), S. 1328-1335 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Systemic sclerosis ; Anorectal manometry ; Fecal incontinence ; Rectoanal inhibitory reflex ; Esophageal manometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: This study was designed to compare esophageal and anorectal function parameters in patients with systemic sclerosis and to define the role of anorectal manometry in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal involvement of systemic sclerosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six consecutive patients (22 females) with systemic sclerosis originally referred for assessment of esophageal function were evaluated by esophageal and anorectal manometry. Anorectal function parameters were compared between patients with normal and those with disturbed esophageal function. RESULTS: A total of 17 of 26 patients (65 percent) had severe esophageal dysfunction with aperistalsis of the lower two-thirds of the esophagus, whereas 9 patients (35 percent) had normal esophageal manometry. Only three patients (11.5 percent) suffered from occasional fecal incontinence. Anorectal function parameters (resting pressure, maximum squeeze pressure, perception threshold) were not significantly different between patients with normal and those with disturbed esophageal motility. Rectoanal inhibitory reflex was excitable in nearly 90 percent of patients. CONCLUSION: In an unselected group of patients with systemic sclerosis, fecal incontinence and abnormal anorectal function are rather rare findings. Anorectal manometry cannot differentiate between patients with and without gastrointestinal involvement of systemic sclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Key words Systemic sclerosis ; Esophagus ; Manometry ; Dysphagia ; Heartburn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The predictive value of esophagus-related symptoms for the diagnosis of esophageal dysmotility induced by systemic sclerosis (SSc) was prospectively evaluated in 50 consecutive patients with SSc. Patients were classified as symptomatic when either dysphagia or repeated episodes of heartburn were present. All patients underwent esophageal manometry; SSc-induced esophageal dysfunction was diagnosed when there was aperistalsis or marked hypocontractility of the distal two-thirds of the esophageal body. Twenty-nine patients (58%) had a history of esophagus-related symptoms, while 21 patients (42%) were asymptomatic. Compared to esophageal manometry, esophagus-related symptoms had a sensitivity of 64%, a specificity of 52%, a negative predictive value of 50% and a positive predictive value of 62% for the diagnosis of SSc-induced esophageal dysfunction. In conclusion, the association of esophagus-related symptoms and esophageal motility pattern is poor. As clinical management strategies depend on proof of esophageal dysfunction, screening examinations are mandatory in all patients with SSc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 337 (1974), S. 223-228 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Vital Basal Function ; Trend Analysis ; Interdisciplinary Collaboration ; Vitale Grundfunktion ; Trendanalyse ; Interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Chirurg, Anaesthesist und Internist hat drei Perspektiven. Die erste stellt die operative Optimierung interner Grundtherapie dar. Die zweite bezieht sich auf postoperative Inanspruchnahme des Internisten bei Komplikationen wie Herzinsuffizienz, Nierenversagen oder Hypoventilation, wobei häufig mehrere Störungen vitaler Grundfunktionen gleichzeitig bestehen. Die dritte beinhaltet die Indikation zu konservativem oder operativem Vorgehen, Zeitpunkt der Intervention und die diagnostische Strategie. Es liegt nahe, standardisierte Empfehlungen zu entwickeln, die unter Verwendung statistischer Methoden abstrahiert werden.
    Notes: Summary There are three aspects to interdisciplinary collaboration of surgeon, anesthetist and internist. The first is the surgical optimalization of basic internal treatment. The second involves postoperative care by the internist in the case of such complications as cardiac insufficiency, renal failure, or hypoventilation; frequently several such disorders of vital functions occur together. The third aspect is concerned with decision-making; collaboration is necessary for correct decisions as to whether conservative or surgical treatment is necessary, when any surgical intervention should be performed, and what diagnostic techniques should be used. It is suggested that standardized recommendations be developed and abstracted by statistical methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Key words Chemokines ; Systemic sclerosis ; RANTES ; Keratinocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Inflammatory infiltrates and upregulated collagen production are hallmarks of systemic sclerosis (SSc). There are indications that chemokines are involved in accumulation of inflammatory and matrix-synthesizing cells in SSc skin lesions. Therefore, we searched for the expression and localization of the chemokine RANTES (“regulated upon activation and normal T cells expressed and secreted”) in skin and esophageal biopsies from patients with SSc. Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, skin biopsies derived from clinically involved and noninvolved skin of 18 patients with early and long-term SSc were examined for RANTES expression and compared with nondiseased skin sections of seven patients without SSc. In addition, esophageal snap biopsies were taken in a subgroup of six SSc patients. Strong expression of RANTES could be detected in the epidermis in keratinocytes of patients with short-term and long-term disease, both on the mRNA and protein level. The percentage of RANTES-expressing cells were significantly higher in clinically noninvolved skin sections than in involved skin areas. In contrast, no RANTES expression was found in esophageal biopsies or in the control group. The results indicate that RANTES is present in human sclerodermatous skin. RANTES may be involved in early pathogenesis of SSc as well as in fibrosis pathways, either by chemoattraction of immunocompetent cells and/or by modulation of collagen production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 16 (1996), S. 61-65 
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Gallbladder motility ; Systemic sclerosis ; Ultrasonography ; Oesophageal manometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 20 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and 24 healthy controls, gallbladder motility was evaluated by abdominal ultrasonography after stimulation by a standard liquid meal. Results from patients with normal and dis turbed oesophageal function were analysed separately in order to investigate the significance of gallbladder motility as a parameter for gastrointestinal involvement in SSc. All patients showed a marked decrease in gallbladder size after stimulation (patients 61 ±13%; controls 48 ±12%). Patients with oesophageal dysfunction (n=12) had a slightly lower gallbladder contraction (maximal decrease =58±13%) when compared to patients with normal oesophageal function (n=8; 66± 13%); however, this difference was not statistically significant. Gallbladder motility in patients with SSc was not reduced when compared with healthy controls. SSc-induced oesophageal dysfunction was not associated with impaired gallbladder motility. Thus, measurement of gallbladder emptying is not a helpful tool when looking for gastrointestinal involvement in SSc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Gynäkologe 32 (1999), S. 228-229 
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: T. Glück und T. Schölmerich, Regensburg, geben in der folgenden Rezension ihren Eindruck der Neuerscheinung wieder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 56 (1997), S. 105-113 
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Vaskulitis ; Infektionen ; Pathogenese ; Key words Vasculitis ; infections ; pathogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Vaskulitiden sind seltene, meist systemische entzündliche Erkrankungen, die das Gefäßsystem in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß und Verteilungsmuster betreffen. Primäre, ätiologisch ungeklärte und sekundäre, auf andere Ursachen (Infektionen, Medikamente, Tumoren) zurückführbare Formen müssen unterschieden werden. Die Panarteriitis nodosa bei der chronischen Hepatitis B und die gemischte Kryoglobulinämie bei der Hepatitis C sind klassische Beispiele für durch Infektionen induzierte Vaskulitiden. Bei der Vielzahl an Patienten mit chronischen Virushepatitiden stellt die Entwicklung einer Vaskulitis jedoch eine seltene Komplikation dar. Auch bei der HIV-Infektion kommen Vaskilitiden vor, was durch häufige und chronische opportunistische Infektionen oder Defekte in der Immunregulation erklärt werden kann. Daneben sind in Einzelberichten oder kleinen Serien eine Vielzahl von teils sehr verbreiteten Erregern als Verursacher von Vaskulitiden beschrieben worden, entweder durch direkte Infektion des Endothels oder durch die Induktion eines immunologischen Prozesses, der zur Gefäßschädigung führt. Es wird postuliert, daß bei jenen Patienten, die durch immunologische Mechanismen ausgelöste Vaskulitiden bei Infektionen entwickeln, eine prädisponierende Reaktionsweise des Immunsystems vorliegt. Nach erfolgreicher Behandlung der Infektion bessert sich in der Regel die Vaskulitis. Da somit eine kausale Therapie möglich ist, sollte bei jeder Vaskulitis auch nach einer zugrunde liegenden Infektion gesucht werden.
    Notes: Summary Vasculitides are rare diseases characterized by inflammation of blood vessels. According to diameter of the blood vessels involved in the inflammatory process, the clinical presentation and the histological appearance, different vasculitic syndromes may be distinguished. Primary vasculitides are of unknown origin while secondary vasculitides may be caused by drugs, malignancy or infection. Panarteriitis nodosa caused by chronic Hepatitis B and mixed cryoglobulinemia secondary to chronic Hepatitis C are classical examples of vasculitides triggered by infections. However, these are rare complications of chronic viral hepatitis. Patients infected by HIV frequently suffer from vasculitis, which may be caused by opportunistic infections and by defects in immune regulation. In numerous case reports, various other infectious particles have been reported to cause different forms of vasculitis, either by direct infection of endothelial cells or by induction of an immunologic process leading to blood vessel destruction. Immunologically mediated vasculitis secondary to infection may be due to a predisposing reactivity of the patient‘s immune system. After successful treatment of the infection, the vasculitis usually subsides. Therefore, all patients with vasculitis should be evaluated for underlying infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Internist 39 (1998), S. 161-170 
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Akutes Abdomen ; Akute Abdominalbeschwerden ; Präklinische Versorgung ; Notfallmedizin ; Notfall ; Abdomen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zum Thema Auch in der heutigen Diagnostik, die so häufig durch technisch gestützte Untersuchungen beherrscht wird, nimmt das akute Abdomen mit seiner besonderen Anforderung an klinisch-ärztliche Qualitäten eine Sonderstellung ein. Diagnostik und Befunderhebung stehen dabei ganz im Vordergrund. Sehr bemerkenswert ist, daß bei Patienten unter 50 Jahren in fast 40% keine eindeutige Diagnose gestellt werden kann, bei Patienten über 50 Jahren nur in ca. 15%. Unter den Diagnosen ist die akute Appendizitis bei den unter 50-Jährigen ca. doppelt so häufig wie bei den über 50-Jährigen, bei denen mit ca. 20% die Cholezystitis die häufigste Ursache ist. Die Mortalität steigt mit dem Lebensalter langsam an, erreicht um das 50. Lebensjahr ca. 1% und um das 80. Lebensjahr ca. 7%. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick sowohl über die abdominellen als auch nicht abdominellen Ursachen des akuten Abdomens. Diagramme zur Ursache, Anamnese, klinischen Diagnostik und zu Befunden ergänzen den Textteil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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