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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 7 (1959), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A uniform field of the normal geomagnetic vertical intensity and its normal dependence on the first and second powers of latitude and longitude are derived for Europe and represented by sketches. The epochs of 1938.5, 1941.5, 1944.5, 1947.5, 1950.5, 1953.5, and 1956.5 have been chosen.It is suggested that anomalies of the vertical intensity should be given according to this field in order to obtain, in course of time, a coherent image of the magnetic effects of the European continent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS:25.75.-q Relativistic heavy-ion collisions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstact: The composition of forward-going projectile spectator matter in fixed-target Pb+Pb collisions at 158 A · GeV at the CERN SPS has been studied as a function of centrality. The data were measured with the NA49 veto calorimeter. We observe that forward-going spectator matter in central collisions consists of 9 neutrons, 7 protons, and half a deuteron on average. At large impact parameters most spectator nucleons are bound in fragments. The relative resolution of the average impact parameter derived from the measurement of spectator neutrons is roughly 19% in the range from zero to half maximum impact parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Gynäkologe 32 (1999), S. 915-918 
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Arztstrafrecht • Sorgfaltspflichtverletzung • Patientenaufklärung • Risk-Management • Strafverteidigung ; Key words Criminal law on medical practice • Breach ¶of duty of due care • Patient information • Risk management, Defence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Defects in treatment, patient information and organization can lead to responsibility under criminal law in addition to civil liability. This turns mainly on the facts of negligent bodily injury and negligent homicide. It is estimated that about 2500–3000 investigations against doctors are started by the director of public prosecutions every year in Germany. These can result in penal law proceedings at the end of which the persons concerned are sentenced. This cannot be avoided unless an adequate defence is started as soon as the accusation becomes known. The aim of the defence has to be to get the investigation stopped as soon as possible and to at least avoid a public trial. A particular feature is that working in the medical profession can in itself lead to responsibility under criminal law. This is a risk practitioners must be aware of. In general, forensic risks are required to be kept to a minimum. Appropriate risk management also contributes to this end. This implies appropriate behaviour in the case of any incidents arising in connection with treatment and/or when the director of public prosecutions starts an investigation. An effective defence is only possible against this backdrop.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Behandlungs-, Aufklärungs- und Organisationsfehler können – neben zivilrechtlicher Haftung – auch zu strafrechtlicher Verantwortlichkeit führen. Vornehmlich geht es um die Tatbestände der fahrlässigen Körperverletzung und fahrlässigen Tötung. Nach Schätzungen werden in Deutschland pro Jahr etwa 2.500 bis 3.000 neue staatsanwaltschaftliche Ermittlungsverfahren gegen Ärztinnen und Ärzte eingeleitet. Daraus können strafgerichtliche Hauptverhandlungen mit Verurteilung der Betroffenen resultieren. Dies zu vermeiden, setzt voraus, daß sofort nach Bekanntwerden des Vorwurfs eine adäquate Verteidigung einsetzt. Deren Ziel muß sein, das Ermittlungsverfahren möglichst frühzeitig zur Einstellung zu führen und jedenfalls die Durchführung einer öffentlichen Hauptverhandlung zu vermeiden. Es stellt eine Besonderheit dar, daßärztliche Berufsausübung ohne weiteres zu strafrechtlicher Verantwortlichkeit führen kann. Dieses Risiko muß bewußt sein. Allgemein ist erforderlich, forensische Risiken zu minimieren. Dem dient auch adäquates Risk-Management. Dies impliziert ein adäquates Verhalten im Zusammenhang mit dem Auftreten von Behandlungszwischenfällen bzw. wenn ein staatsanwaltschaftliches Ermittlungsverfahren eingeleitet wird. Nur auf dieser Grundlage kann eine effektive Strafverteidigung erfolgen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 52.50.Jm ; 52.25.Jm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new approach for investigation of the generation of fast ions and hot electrons inside the same plasma volume in laser-produced plasmas is proposed. It is based on the spectroscopic observation of line radiation from singly and doubly excited levels with simultaneous high spectral and spatial resolution. The experimental results demonstrate the observation of fast ions from highly charged target material inside the plasma volume and suggest that the generally accepted scaling relations are seriously invalid under certain conditions. Even at rather modest intensities ions with energies of several MeV are observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 192 (1967), S. 246-264 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird an Hand von klinischen und tierexperimentell erhobenen Befunden zusammenfassend über das Vorkommen von ein-, mehr- und vielkernigen Riesenzellen im Liquor cerebrospinalis berichtet. Die verschiedensten Formen der Riesenzellen werden dargestellt, in mehrere Gruppen unterteilt und im einzelnen besprochen. Dabei wurde festgestellt, daß Riesenzellen (RZ) im Liquor pathologische, jedoch unspezifische Zellen sind, die vermutlich aus dem reticulohistiocytären Gewebe im Bereich der Leptomeninx gebildet werden und bei den verschiedensten, insbesondere jedoch chronischen, unspezifischen und spezifischen Erkrankungen und Begleitreaktionen des Gehirns und Rückenmarks im Liquor auftreten können. Die extrem großen, vielkernigen Riesenzellen vom Langhans-und Fremdkörper-Typ wurden besonders bei der Meningitis tuberculosa beobachtet, tierexperimentell erzeugt und vereinzelt auch bei anderweitigen Erkrankungen des Zentralnervensystems (ZNS) nachgewiesen, die durch körpereigene oder körperfremde Stoffe mitbedingt waren, welche in den Liquorraum gelangten und zu einer erheblichen meningealen Reaktion führten. Weitere Möglichkeiten der Entstehung von RZ werden dabei in Erwägung gezogen. RZ im Liquor cerebrospinalis sind funktionell aktive und biologisch vollwertige Zellen, die etwa mit den mononucleären Makrophagen gleichzusetzen sind. Sie können sowohl corpusculäre als auch kolloidale, körpereigene und körperfremde Stoffe oder Zerfallsprodukte phagocytieren, speichern und infolge ihrer fermentativen Potenzen strukturell umgestalten. Damit stellen die RZ im Liquor cerebrospinalis einen wichtigen Faktor im Abwehrmechanismus des ZNS dar.
    Notes: Summary Clinical data and those from animal experiments on the occurrence in cerebrospinal fluid of giant cells containing one, several, or multiple nuclei are summarized. The various forms of giant cells are described, divided into several groups, and individually discussed. It was found that giant cells of cerebrospinal fluid are pathological, though unspecific cells probably derived from reticulohistiocytic tissue of the leptomeninx, and appearing in various diseases, mainly, however, in chronic, specific as well as unspecific disorders involving primarily or secondarily the brain and spinal cord. The extremely big multinucleate giant cells of the Langhans or foreign body type were predominantly observed in tuberculous meningitis. They could also be produced experimentally in animals and were found occasionally in other pathological states of the central nervous system in which endogenous or exogenous agents were participating by reaching the cerebrospinal fluid spaces and causing marked meningeal reactions. Additional mechanisms inducing the formation of giant cells are taken into consideration. Giant cells of cerebrospinal fluid are functionally active and biologically viable cells roughly equivalent to mononuclear macrophages. They are able to incorporate, store and, by virtue of their enzymes, structurally alter corpuscular and colloidal material or degradation products of endogenous or exogenous origin. The giant cells thus play an important part in the defense mechanisms of the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychometrika 22 (1957), S. 231-240 
    ISSN: 1860-0980
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The problem of estimation in the method of successive categories is reconsidered and a new least squares solution is obtained. An empirical comparison of this solution with Gulliksen's solution is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychometrika 23 (1958), S. 385-394 
    ISSN: 1860-0980
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychometrika 23 (1958), S. 323-334 
    ISSN: 1860-0980
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract A three-component model for comparative judgment which allows for individual differences in preference is proposed. An implication of the model is that errors in the observed proportions due to sampling individuals in paired comparisons experiments are correlated. By neglecting this correlation, Mosteller's test for the method of paired comparisons tends to accept falsely the goodness of fit of the Case V solution. It is shown that bounds may be set for the correlation effect which make a valid test possible in some cases and provide useful standard errors for the estimated affective values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychometrika 24 (1959), S. 187-188 
    ISSN: 1860-0980
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychometrika 21 (1956), S. 349-366 
    ISSN: 1860-0980
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract A scheme for choosing a few individuals whose preferences for given objects are most representative of those of a larger group of individuals is proposed. The method involves (a) quantifying the preferences of each individual so as to discriminate optimally among objects, (b) testing statistically whether or not a common preference continuum may be assumed for the quantified preferences, (c) constructing a linear estimator of values for the objects on this continuum, if it may be assumed, and (d) selecting as judges the least number of individuals whose quantified preferences, when used with this estimator, determine values for the objects with acceptable accuracy. A numerical example based on food preferences is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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