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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 548-555 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Meloxicam ; Piroxicam ; Diclofenac ; Adjuvant arthritis ; Lewis rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of meloxicam, piroxicam, diclofenac and tenidap on the swelling of hind paws, radiologically-detectable bone and cartilage destruction of hind paws, increase in spleen weight, increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and changes in serum protein composition in male Lewis rats with adjuvant arthritis were studied following once-daily oral administration of these drugs for 21 days. All the drugs dose-dependently inhibited hind paw swelling. For equal activity against hind paw swelling caused by the secondary reaction, the required daily dose of piroxicam was about twice that of meloxicam; those of diclofenac and tenidap were about 3.5 and 60 times higher respectively. The bone and cartilage destruction induced by adjuvant arthritis were inhibited by meloxicam at low daily doses and by piroxicam at doses approximately four times those of meloxicam. Diclofenac and tenidap had only a weak effect on radiologically-detectable lesions when administered at doses sufficient to reduce paw swelling. Meloxicam also had a dose-dependent corrective effect on the systemic changes which occur in adjuvant arthritic rats, e.g. increase in spleen weight, increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and changes in serum protein composition. Piroxicam produced similar effects, at 3–4 times higher doses. Diclofenac and tenidap did not show comparable effects when administered at appropriate doses. These findings indicate that the action of meloxicam and piroxicam differs from that of diclofenac and tenidap in adjuvant arthritis in the Lewis rat. At oral doses which significantly reduce edema formation, only meloxicam and piroxicam showed a significant effect on systemic parameters of adjuvant disease in the Lewis rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 353 (1967), S. 62-71 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The compounds FSeO2OR (R = CH3, C2H5) are prepared by the reaction SeO2F2 + (RO)2SeO2 → 2 FSeO2OR. The following physical constants are determined: Fp., Kp., d420, nD20, δHv, delta;Sv. Hydrolysis and alcoholysis are studied. The RAMAN, IR, 1H- and 19F - NMR spectra are recorded, assigned and discussed. Contrary to the analogous sulphur compounds, the Se esters are associated in the liquid state. Two rotational isomeric configurations are detected in the liquid ethyl ester. The 19F - NMR spectra indicate equilibria between FSeO2OR and small amounts of SeO2F2 and (RO)2SeO2. The 1H - NMR spectra show the existence of F—H spin-spin couplings over 5 bonds.
    Notes: Die Fluoroselensäurealkylester FSeO2OR (R = CH3, C2H5) erhält man nach der Reaktion SeO2F2 + (RO)2SeO2 → 2 FSeO2OR. Es werden einige physikalische Konstanten bestimmt, (Fp., Kp., d420, nD20, ΔHv und ΔSv), das Hydrolyse- und Alkoholyseverhalten studiert sowie die RAMAN-, IR- und 1H- sowie 19F - NMR-Spektren aufgenommen, zugeordnet und diskutiert. Die Ester sind im Gegensatz zu den analogen Schwefelverbindungen im flüssigen Zustand stark assoziiert. Der Äthylester besteht im flüssigen Zustand aus zwei rotationsisomeren Molekelsorten. Nach den 19F - NMR-Spektren liegen die Ester mit geringen Mengen SeO2F2 und (RO)2SeO2 im Gleichgewicht vor. Im 1H - NMR-Spektrum des FSeO2OC2H5 lassen sich F - H-Spin-Spin-Wechselwirkungen üer 5 Bindungen nachweisen.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Solid-state NMR, 29Si, 1H, 23Na ; sodium silicate hydrates ; glass formation ; melting process ; structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Temperaturvariable 1H-, 23Na- und 29Si-MAS-NMR Untersuchungen an Natriumsilicathydraten der Zusammensetzung Na2O · SiO2 · nH2O (n = 9, 6, 5): Lokalstruktur in Kristallen, Schmelzen, unterkühlten Schmelzen und GläsernDie Lokalstruktur in Kristallen, Schmelzen, unterkühlten Schmelzen und Gläsern von Natriumsilicathydraten der Zusammensetzung Na2O · SiO2 · nH2O (n = 9, 6, 5) wird mittels temperaturvariabler 1H-, 23Na- und 29Si-MAS-NMR-Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Detaillierte in-situ Untersuchungen des Schmelzprozesses der kristallinen Hydrate zeigen die Bedeutung der Beweglichkeit der Wassermoleküle für den Schmelzmechanismus. In Abhängigkeit von der lokalen Umgebung zeigen kristallographisch unterschiedliche Natriumpositionen ein unterschiedliches Verhalten während des Schmelzprozesses. Die monomeren Silicatanionen der kristallinen Hydrate kondensieren während des Schmelzens zu oligomeren Anionen. Bei Abkühlung der Schmelzen tritt keine Rekristallisation, sondern Glasbildung auf, wenn die Schmelzen zuvor ca. 10 K über den Schmelzpunkt erhitzt werden. Wie in den Schmelzen werden in den Gläsern ebenfalls oligomere Silicatanionen beobachtet, die jedoch einen erhöhten Anteil an cyclotrimeren Spezies enthalten. Durch Kombination von in-situ MAS-NMR-Untersuchungen und Messungen der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit an den Schmelzen, unterkühlten Schmelzen und Gläsern wird eine Aufteilung in drei Temperaturbereiche vorgeschlagen, die durch Unterschiede in der Lokalstruktur und Dynamik der Natriumkationen, Wassermoleküle und Silicatanionen charakterisiert sind. Diese Bereiche umfassen einen Glas- und Transformationsbereich A bei tiefer Temperatur, einen Aggregationsbereich B bei mittleren Temperaturen und einen Lösungs- bzw. Elektrolytbereich C bei höheren Temperaturen. Im Bereich B wird eine Aggregation von hydratisierten Natriumkationen zu höheren Polykationenkomplexen angenommen, deren Beweglichkeit sich deutlich von der der Silicatanionen unterscheidet. Eine Bildung von langlebigen Kontaktionenpaaren zwischen Natriumkationen und Silicatanionen wird deshalb in diesem Temperaturbereich ausgeschlossen.
    Notes: The local structure in crystals, melts, supercooled melts, and glasses of sodium silicate hydrates of composition Na2O · SiO2 · nH2O (n = 9, 6, 5) is studied by variable temperature 1H, 23Na, and 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy. Detailed in situ investigations on the melting process of the crystalline materials reveal the importance of H2O motion in the melting mechanism. Depending on the local coordination, crystallographically distinct Na sites show different behaviour during the melting process. Upon melting, the monomer silicate anions present in the crystalline hydrates undergo condensation reactions to oligomeric silicate anions. No recrystallization but glass formation occurs at low temperature if the melts were heated initially about 10 K above the melting point. In the glasses also oligomeric silicate anions are present with a preference for cyclotrimer species. In situ MAS NMR investigations and electric conductivity measurements of the melts, supercooled melts, and glasses suggest the distinction of three temperature ranges characterized by different local structure and dynamics of the sodium cations, water and silicate anions. These ranges comprise a glass and glass transition range A at low temperatures, an aggregation region B at intermediate temperatures, and a solution or electrolyte region C at high temperatures. In region B aggregation of sodium water complexes to hydrated polycation clusters is suggested, the dynamic behaviour of which is clearly different to that of the silicate anions, indicating that no long-lived contact ion pairs between sodium cations and silicate anions are formed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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