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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SOURCES OF RELATIVISTIC JETS IN THE GALAXY (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 37 (1999), S. 409-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4146
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Black holes of stellar mass and neutron stars in binary systems are first detected as hard X-ray sources using high-energy space telescopes. Relativistic jets in some of these compact sources are found by means of multiwavelength observations with ground-based telescopes. The X-ray emission probes the inner accretion disk and immediate surroundings of the compact object, whereas the synchrotron emission from the jets is observed in the radio and infrared bands, and in the future could be detected at even shorter wavelengths. Black-hole X-ray binaries with relativistic jets mimic, on a much smaller scale, many of the phenomena seen in quasars and are thus called microquasars. Because of their proximity, their study opens the way for a better understanding of the relativistic jets seen elsewhere in the Universe. From the observation of two-sided moving jets it is inferred that the ejecta in microquasars move with relativistic speeds similar to those believed to be present in quasars. The simultaneous multiwavelength approach to microquasars reveals in short timescales the close connection between instabilities in the accretion disk seen in the X-rays, and the ejection of relativistic clouds of plasma observed as synchrotron emission at longer wavelengths. Besides contributing to a deeper understanding of accretion disks and jets, microquasars may serve in the future to determine the distances of jet sources using constraints from special relativity, and the spin of black holes using general relativity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.37.1.409
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hafnia alvei as an opportunistic pathogen causing mortality in brown trout, Salmo trutta L. (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 21 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Strains of Hafnia alvei caused mortalities in brown trout, Salmo trutta L., following intraperitoneal injection with LD50 values ranging between 1.3 × 104 and 2.5 × 107 bacteria fish−−1. These values are considered to represent a high to moderate degree of virulence. Virulent strains were isolated from non-fish sources. Fish surviving the LD50 values continued to harbour the organism in the kidney, suggesting the establishment of a carrier state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1998.00116.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    One-year follow-up of newly diagnosed irritable bowel syndrome patients (1999)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 13 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: : Irritable bowel syndrome is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder seen by general physicians.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods: We followed up a population-based cohort of newly diagnosed irritable bowel syndrome patients aged 20–79 years, to examine patterns of treatment, comorbidity and healthcare utilization. We used the UK General Practice Research Database as the source population. Individuals with other gastrointestinal diseases, cancer and pregnant women were not included. There were 2956 patients in our final cohort.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results: Irritable bowel syndrome patients were mainly young and middle-aged; only 12% were 60 years or older. The majority of patients were women (74%). There were no marked differences in terms of use of healthcare services or comorbidity status in the year before irritable bowel syndrome diagnosis as compared to the year after. Fourteen per cent of irritable bowel syndrome patients received no drug treatment at all. Among those treated, the first choice was an antispasmodic. Elderly patients (〉 60 years old) were more likely to receive drug treatment. Females had a slightly higher probability of being treated than men, except for the category of anti-diarrhoeal drugs.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion: This study has shown that irritable bowel syndrome patients are mainly young and female. We also found that treatment pattern varied according to age and gender. Elderly patients and females were at a higher risk of receiving drug treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00576.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compact protoplanetary disks around the stars of a young binary system (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 395 (1998), S. 355-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Planet formation is believed to occur in the disks of gas and dust that surround young solar-type stars. Most stars, however, form in multiple systems, where the presence of a close companion could affect the structure of the disk and perhaps interfere with planet formation. It has been ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/26421
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microquasars in our Galaxy (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 392 (1998), S. 673-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Microquasars are stellar-mass black holes in our Galaxy that mimic, on a smaller scale, many of the phenomena seen in quasars. Their discovery opens the way for a new understanding of the connection between the accretion of matter onto black holes and the origin of the relativistic jets observed in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/33603
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soft gamma-ray bursts from the superluminal source GRS 1915+105? (1995)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 231 (1995), S. 65-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: Soft Gamma Ray Bursts ; Hard X-ray Transients ; Superluminal Sources
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The power required to eject relativistic plasma clouds in the hard X-ray transient GRS 1915+105 is at least 100 times the luminosity of the softϒ-ray bursts (SGRs) that were observed by BATSE from the same region of the sky in the year 1992. We show that there are spatial, time, and spectral coincidences between GRS 1915+105 and the SGRs observed by BATSE which suggest that they are one and the same source. However, the position of the SGRs is rather uncertain and until better positions are obtained, the question on the association of GRS 1915+105 with the SGRs must remain open.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658589
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High Bone Mineral Density in Male Elite Professional Volleyball Players (1999)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 10 (1999), S. 468-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words: Body composition – Bone mass – DXA – Exercise – Muscle mass – Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess bone mass in male elite athletes participating in an impact loading sport (volleyball) and, in particular, to determine whether the asymmetric nature of this sport leads to differences in the skeletal tissue composition of the limbs. Fifteen male volleyball players (VP) (26 ± 4 years, 192 ± 6 cm, 87 ± 9 kg; mean ± SD) and 15 non-active control subjects (25 ± 2 years, 177 ± 8 cm, 72 ± 11 kg; mean ± SD) were studied. VP training sessions (3–6 days/week) included a variety of jumping and weightlifting exercises. The VP were taller and heavier than the control subjects (p〈0.001). Whole-body bone mineral content (BMC) and lean mass were higher in VP after adjustment for body mass and height (p〈0.001). Axial skeleton and limb BMC and bone mineral density (BMD) were higher in VP than in control subjects (p〈0.05). Adjusted lumbar spine (L2–4) BMD was 14% higher in VP than in control subjects (p〈0.05). Similarly, a much greater adjusted BMD was observed in the femoral neck of VP (24%, 20%, 27% and 20% for the femoral neck, intertrochanteric, greater trochanter and Ward’s triangle subregions respectively; p〈0.05). The dominant arm was slightly heavier (≈3%) and had 4% more muscle mass than the contralateral arm in both the VP (p〈0.05) and control subjects (p〈0.05). Greater BMC values (9%), BMD (7%) values and the area occupied by osseous pixels (5%) were recorded in the dominant arm as compared with the nondominant arm in VP (p〈0.05). No differences between arms were observed in control subjects. Right and left leg BMC and BMD values were similar in control subjects while 4% higher BMC values were recorded for the left leg in the VP group (p〈0.05). A close relationship between left leg muscle mass and BMD was observed in the femoral neck subregions of all the subjects (r= 0.81, 0.81, 0.78 and 0.79 for the femoral neck, intertrochanteric, greater trochanter and Ward’s triangle subregions respectively; p〈0.001; n= 30). These findings clearly demonstrate a considerably high BMC and BMD in professional volleyball players which seems to be related to the loading type of exercise they perform.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050256
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between amphetamine and reserpine in vitro (1969)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 25 (1969), S. 1161-1162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Resumen Se estudia en el conducto deferente aislado de rata la respuesta a la reserpina después de la estimulación del preparado con anfetamina. En estas condiciones, la reserpina produce una contracción que es proporcional a las concentraciones de anfetamina y reserpina utilizadas, y es máxima para una concentración de reserpina de 2,5×10−5 g/ml, para ser luego decreciente cualquiera que sea la concentración de anfetamina que se haya empleado previamente. Se discuten los posibles mecanismos que regulan la respuesta a la reserpina después de la anfetamina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01900250
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone Mineral Content and Density in Professional Tennis Players (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 62 (1998), S. 491-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: DXA — Bone mass — Body composition — Osteoporosis — Tennis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Total and regional bone mineral content (BMC) as well as lean and fat mass were measured in nine male professional tennis players (TPs) and 17 nonactive subjects; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used for measuring. The mean (±SD) age, body mass, and height were 26 ± 6 and 24 ± 3 years, 77 ± 10 and 74 ± 9 kg, and 180 ± 6 and 178 ± 6 cm for the TP and the control group (CG), respectively. The whole body composition for BMC, lean mass, and fat of the TP was similar to that observed in the CG. The tissue composition of the arms and legs was determined from the regional analysis of the whole-body DXA scan. The arm region included the hand, forearm, and arm, and was separated from the trunk by an inclined line crossing the scapulo-humeral joint. In the TP, the arm tissue mass (BMC + fat + lean mass) was about 20% greater in the dominant compared with the contralateral arm because of a greater lean (3772 ± 500 versus 3148 ± 380 g, P 〈 0.001) and BMC (229.0 ± 43.5 versus 188.2 ± 31.9 g, P 〈 0.001). In contrast, no significant differences were observed either in BMC or BMD between arms in the CG. Total mass, lean mass, and BMC were greater in the dominant arm of the TP than in the CG (all P 〈 0.05). In the TP, BMD was similar in both legs whereas in the CG, BMD was greater in the right leg. Lumbar spine (L2–L4) BMD, adjusted for body mass and height, was 15% greater in the TP than in the CG (P 〈 0.05). Femoral neck BMDs (femoral neck, Ward's triangle, greater trochanter, and intertrochanteric regions) adjusted for body mass and height were 10–15% greater in the TP (all P 〈 0.05). Ward's triangle BMD was correlated with the maximal leg extension isometric strength (r = 0.77, P 〈 0.05) even when adjusted for body mass (r = 0.76, P 〈 0.05) and height (r = 0.77, P 〈 0.05). In summary, the participation in tennis is associated with increased BMD in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. These results may have implications for devising exercise strategies in young and middle-aged persons to prevent involutional osteoporosis later in life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900467
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decision protocol for checking robustness with previous outlier detection in the validation of analytical methods (1999)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 365 (1999), S. 480-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A general procedure based on variation of experimental design for checking robustness in the validation of analytical methods is presented. This procedure, which is easy to apply, consists in estimating the main total effects, in detecting outliers, checking the curvature and in determining the main side effects. Two methodologies based on the analysis of a) the residuals from the reduced model and b) the replicates from the reconstructed design were employed for the detection of outliers. In further studies, general experimental design principles were applied using two- and three-level factorial designs. In some cases, a dummy variable was introduced in order not to modify the structure of the designs utilized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051509
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