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  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1960-1964  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mast cell distribution and neutral protease expression in acute and chronic allergic conjunctivitis (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 25 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Allergic eye disease has a variety of clinical manifestations including seasonal atopic conjunctivitis (SAC), perennial atopic conjunctivitis (PAC), atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC). and atopic blepharoconjunctivitis (ABC). We have investigated the number, distribution and protease expression of mast cells in normal and diseased conjunctiva with the use of immunohistochemistry in water-miscible resin sections. The median mast cell densities in normal subjects were 17mm -2 in the bulbar substantia propria and 9mm-2 in tarsal substantia propria. Mast cells were absent from the normal conjunctival epithelium at both sites. Mast cell densities were increased in the bulbar substantia propria in SAC, AKC and ABC. Tarsal substantia propria showed a significant increase in mast cells in ABC and AKC disease states. Mast cells express a range of proteases which varies according to their anatomic site. Mast cells in connective tissue are described to contain tryptase, chymase. cathepsin-G and carboxypeptidase-A, whereas mucosal mast cells contain only tryptase. In the diseased conjunctiva there was a marked reduction in proteases other than tryptase in the intraepithelial mast cells. There were also significant reductions in protease expression other than tryplase in the bulbar substantia propria in AKC and ABC. There appear to be specific alterations in the distribution of mast cells in the sub-categories of allergic eye disease. The distinction between mucosal and connective tissue mast cell pheno-types is not clear-cut and may depend on the functional state of the mast cells in relation to the microenvironment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01001.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis is accompanied by increased mast cell numbers in the absence of leucocyte infiltration (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) is the most common allergic disease to affect the eye. occurring alone or in association with allergic rhinitis. Infiltration with mast cells and eosinophils is characteristic of the chronic forms of allergic conjunctivitis such as vernal and atopic keratoconjunctivitis. and these cell types also contribute significantly to allergic inflammation in the skin. Indirect evidence for a similar pattern of cellular events in SAC comes from studies which demonstrate raised eosinophil and neutrophil numbers in conjunctival scrapings and elevated levels of mast cell tryptase in tears following allergen challenge.Objective To directly characterize the inflammatory cell infiltrate in SAC and to determine its clinical relevance.Methods We employed specific immunohistochemical staining to count masi cells, eosinophiis and neutrophiis in the conjunctival epithelium and lamina propria of eight atopic patients with SAC in, and 12 SAC patients out of the hay fever season. Sixteen patients with no history of ocular allergy were used as control subjects.Results Mast cells were absent from normal epithelium. During the pollen season median mast cell numbers in the lamina propria were found to be increased by 6I'J(in patients with SAC compared with normals (P= 0.012). Eosinophils were found in the lamina propria in less than half of the symptomatic patients with SAC and in only three patients were eosinophils present in the epithelium. The neutrophil numbers in the lamina propria of patients with SAC tended to be higher than normals but these changes did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion Conclusion These data based on the direct assessment of conjunctival tissue provide evidence that symptoms occur in SAC in the absence of detectable recruitment of eosinophils or neutrophils. This suggests that this disorder is related to mast cell-mediated changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb01258.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunolocalization of cytokines to mast cells in normal and allergic conjunctiva (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Recently, the potential role of mast cells in allergic reactions has been extended by the discovery that these cells synthesize, store and secrete multifunctional cytokines. Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis is characterized as an immediate hypersensitivity reaction, in which allergen binds to specitic IgE on mast cells, leading to release of preformed and newly synthesized inflammatory mediators.Objective In this study we aimed to localize the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα to conjunctival mast cells and lo examine the relationship between mast cell-associated ctokines and allergic conjunctivitis.Methods Immunobistochemistry was perfonned on serial sections of conjunctival biopsies from patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, in and out of tbe hay fever season, as well as from non-allergic volunteers.Results IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and TNFα were localized to mast cells in normal and allergic conjunctiva. IL-8 was localized to mast cells in two patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, one during and the other outside the pollen season. Using the monoclonal antibody 3H4, which identifies the secreted form of IL-4, biopsies frotn patients with active seasonal allergic conjunctivitis contained a significantly bigher proportion of mast cells positive for IL-4. than those from out-of-season patients (P= 〈 0.016). There was no difference between the two groups in the number of mast cells immunostained by the antibody 4D9 which identifies the stored form of IL-4.Conclusions These results suggest that conjunctival mast cells can store a range of multifunctional cytokines and release IL-4 during active disease, which may give them an important role in upregulating allergic inflamtnation in the conjunctiva.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb01179.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization within the Central and Centrifugal Fibre Pathways in the Avian Visual System (1964)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 204 (1964), S. 395-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] This suggestion has been experimentally tested in three stages. In the first, the retinal projection on the tectum has been re-examined using the Nauta technique7 following small, localized lesions in each quadrant of the retina. The results of this study confirm the pattern of retinal ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/204395a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome in a newborn with an unbalanced chromosomal translocation (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 794-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome ; Chromosomal translocation ; Neonate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndromes may occur as a primary result of distinct genetic disruption of the enzymes involved in processing the carbohydrate moeities of glycoproteins. They may also occur due to a number of secondary defects in glycosylation. Conclusion A female infant with an unbalanced chromosomal translocation [46,XX,der(21)t(17;21) (p13.1;q22.11)mat.ish der(21)t(17;21) (D17S375 × 3, D21S65-)] and with biochemical and clinical features of a carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome is reported. This chromosomal disruption is another secondary cause of the disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051207
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial DNA mutations at nucleotide 8993 show a lack of tissue- or age-related variation (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 22 (1999), S. 899-914 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations, a T-to-G substitution (8993T〉G) and a T-to-C substitution (8993T〉C), at nucleotide 8993 have been reported. We describe 13 pedigrees with mitochondrial DNA mutations at nucleotide 8993; 10 pedigrees with the 8993T〉G mutation and three with the 8993T〉C mutation. Prenatal diagnosis of the nucleotide 8993 mutations is technically possible. However, there are three major concerns: (i) that there is variation in mutant loads among tissues; (ii) that the mutant load in a tissue may change over time; and (iii) that the genotype–phenotype correlation is not clearly understood. We have used the 13 pedigrees to determine specifically the extent of tissue- and age-related variation of the two mutations at nucleotide 8993 in the mitochondrial DNA. The tissue variation was investigated by analysing two or more different tissues from a total of 18 individuals. The age-related variation of the mutation was investigated by comparing the amount of both mutations in blood taken at birth and at a later age. No substantial tissue variation was found, nor was there any substantial change in the proportion of either mutation over periods of 8–23 years in the four individuals studied. In addition, we noted that two features were remarkably common in families with nucleotide 8993 mutations, namely (i) unexplained infant death (8 cases in 13 pedigrees), and (ii) de novo mutations (5 of the 10 8993T〉G pedigrees).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005639407166
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adult-onset arginase deficiency (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 21 (1998), S. 677-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005492819527
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