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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of voltage noise in forward-biased silicon bipolar homojunctions: Low- and high-injection regimes (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 3382-3384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC) simulator has been used to study bipolar transport in silicon p+n and pn+ homojunctions under forward-bias conditions, both in low- and high-injection regimes. The study focuses on a microscopic analysis of voltage fluctuations in such devices. The method of voltage-noise operation mode provides spatial analysis of the spectral density of voltage fluctuations under constant-current conditions. In the low-frequency range, the presence of shot, thermal, and excess noise due to hot carriers was found when the bias conditions were modified. Also, the EMC method permits ready evaluation of the noise equivalent temperature in both structures from the observed voltage fluctuations. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120554
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Backswitch poling in lithium niobate for high-fidelity domain patterning and efficient blue light generation (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 1673-1675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In nonlinear optics applications employing quasiphase matching, short-pitch domain gratings are generally required for the efficient generation of visible and ultraviolet light. Here we introduce an improved electric-field poling technique, which incorporates spontaneous backswitching and leads to uniform short-pitch domain structures. The total volume of backswitched material, and hence the duty cycle of the backswitched domain grating, can be accurately controlled. First-order single-pass continuous-wave second harmonic generation of 60 mW at 460 nm is achieved at 6.1%/W efficiency in 0.5-mm-thick 4-μm-period backswitch-poled lithium niobate. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124787
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased Activity of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2B in PC12 Cells in Response to Differentiation by Nerve Growth Factor (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 71 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Translational rates, and activities and levels of initiation factors 2 and 2B were assessed in rat pheochromocytoma cells upon nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment. Two or 5 days of exposure to NGF caused significant quantitative increases in protein synthesis rate that are deemed necessary for neuronal differentiation. Changes in initiation factor 2 activity, as measured by its capacity to form a ternary complex, occur parallel to the observed changes in protein synthesis. Nevertheless, neither the intracellular levels of the initiation factor 2 nor the degree of phosphorylation of its α subunit can justify this increased activity. Interestingly, initiation factor 2B activity increases parallel to the neurite outgrowth, being significantly higher after 5 days of exposure to NGF, and could be responsible for the elevated rate of protein synthesis. No significant changes in the levels of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B, as determined with two different antibodies against the γ and ε subunits of the factor, were observed, implying that the increased activity should be regulated by factors other than its cellular concentration. Our results support the hypothesis that initiation factor 2B may play a role in the biochemical events controlling the differentiative growth factor-induced signaling pathway in these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71051905.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMMUNITY RESPONSE TO STORMWATER POLLUTION IN AN URBANIZED WATERSHED (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 31 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A model is developed and tested to identify the factors influencing variation in community response to stormwater pollution. Basic constructs of the model use environmental hazard theory, integrated with analysis of community demographic and political forces affecting local government decision processes. Community stormwater response is measured by an index comprised of 12 response indicators. Selection criteria for the response indicators include their effectiveness, variability, and general representation of the spectrum of stormwater response activity. Observable activities are scored progressively based upon their relative ecosystem impacts. Weighted and unweighted indicator scores are computed, with a survey of stormwater experts providing the basis for the weights. Results indicate a wide variation in response levels among the selected communities. Regression analysis identifies four significant predictors of response at the watershed scale: the mean age of householder over 25, the total tax rate, community type (city or township), and the amount of green staff (presence of recycling coordinators, foresters, or environmental planners). This mix of predictors demonstrates the applicability of hazard theory to stormwater response, as community stormwater response is influenced by the capacity and economic means to effect change - two central constructs of hazard theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1995.tb04036.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    QUALITY STUDY OF GRAYWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 31 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A residential single family dwelling was retrofitted to recycle graywater for landscape irrigation and toilet flushing. The objective of this study was to determine improvements in graywater quality by evaluating five simple graywater treatment systems that were easily adapted to the household plumbing. The treatment systems consisted of (1) water hyacinths and sand filtration, (2) water hyacinths, copper ion disinfection, and sand filtration, (3) copper ion disinfection and sand filtration, (4) copper/silver ion disinfection and sand filtration, and (5) 20–μm cartridge filtration. Water quality parameters measured were fecal and total coliform indicator bacteria, nitrates, suspended solids, and turbidity. Reductions in bacterial concentration, suspended solids and turbidity were achieved by all systems tested. Treatment reduced nitrate concentrations to an average of 2.6 mg/liter. Reductions in suspended solids, and turbidity were influenced more by the quality of the graywater entering the treatment system than the efficiency of the systems themselves. The water hyacinths and sand filtration system provided the best graywater quality in terms of the concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria. The system providing the best water quality in regard to average suspended solids after treatment was the water hyacinths, copper ion, and sand filtration system, and the best average turbidity was achieved by the copper/silver ion generating unit with sand filtration. All systems were capable of significant reductions in fecal indicator bacteria, suspended solids, and turbidity; however, additional treatment or disinfection would be necessary to further reduce the level of coliform and fecal coliform bacteria to achieve regulatory standards in the State of Arizona.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1995.tb03368.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HYDRAULIC AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF DOWNSPOUT DWERSION (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 33 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A downspout diversion program in an urban area is evaluated to assess the impacts on sanitary sewer flow volumes and cost effectiveness. Sanitary sewer flows and wastewater treatment cost data are compared for the five years before and 1.25 years after the downspout diversion was completed. In order to establish a cause and effect relationship between flow volumes and downspout diversion, measurements of precipitation, consumption patterns, and system loss (maintenance, fire flows, main ruptures) for the before and after time periods were obtained. The results indicate the downspout diversion contributed to a reduction of over 25 percent in the mean flow volumes within the sanitary sewer collection network during all rainfall events, with flow reductions ranging from 25 percent to 62 percent for rainfall depths between 6 mm (0.25 inches) and 25.4 mm (1.0 inches). Costs incurred for wastewater treatment were also reduced significantly, as overtime for overflow maintenance was eliminated. Downspout diversion is a viable nonstructural alternative for sthrmwater flow reduction in highly urbanized communities which may lack available space for large scale detention facilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb03527.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scleromyxoedema and thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura: two rare conditions both responding to plasma exchange (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 11 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report the case of a 66-year-old female who over an 18-month period developed severe, disabling scleromyxoedema with pulmonary fibrosis. Treatment with oral prednisolone and melphalan had failed to prevent disease progression. Treatment with a 5-day course of plasma exchange, intravenous cyclophosphamide (500 mg) and methyl-prednisolone (1 g on 3 consecutive days) was unfortunately followed by the development of thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura (TTP). After 17 extra plasma exchanges, she recovered and there has been a dramatic improvement in her skin signs. We postulate that the extra plasma exchanges which she received as a consequence of developing TTP have contributed to this result. To our knowledge, TTP has never been associated with scleromyxoedema, but it is likely to be a coincidence in this case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.1998.tb00956.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substituent Control of Excited State Reactivity: The Intramolecular Ortho Arene-Olefin Photocycloaddition (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 117 (1995), S. 6801-6802 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00130a029
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combinatorial Organic Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pyrrolidines: Identification of a Potent Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor from a Mercaptoacyl Proline Library (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 117 (1995), S. 7029-7030 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00131a037
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visceral leishmaniasis in haemophiliac patients with HIV: four case reports (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 3 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), an endemic parasitosis in Spain, is increasing as an important opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. We describe four cases of severe haemophilic patients with end-stage HIV disease who present with visceral leishmaniasis. We report the clinical course, methods of diagnosis and response to therapy. From the assessed clinical data it does not appear to be any difference with regard to VL either in other HIV risk groups or in immunocompetent groups. In contrast with previous reports, we have found that despite their immunodepressed state, positive serology for Leishmania was found in three of the four cases. A similar observation has been made in patients with VL who are immunodepressed because of other reasons. We also confirm previous reports of poor response and intolerance of antimony treatment, the deteriorating course of the disease in AIDS patients and that there is only a slight relationship between the disease and the cause of patient death. We agree with the proposition that this pathology ought to be included in the definition critera for AIDS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.1997.00068.x
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