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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key wordsEthanol ; Etonitazene ; Deiodinases ; Thyroid hormones ; Rat brain
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of acute, low-dose administration of ethanol (1 g/kg bodyweight) and the μ-opioid receptor agonist etonitazene (30 μg/kg bodyweight) on the activities of the iodothyronine deiodinase isoenzymes were investigated in nine regions of the rat brain. The experiments were performed at three different times of the 24-h cycle (1300, 2100 and 0500 hours) and the rats were decapitated 30 and 120 min after administration of the respective drugs. Interest was focused on changes in the two enzymes that catalyze 1) 5′-deiodination of thyroxine (T4) to the biologically active triiodothyronine (T3), i.e. type II 5′-deiodinase (5′D-II) and 2) 5 (or inner-ring) deiodination of T3 to the biologically inactive 3′3-T2, i.e. type III deiodinase (5D-III). 120 min after administration of ethanol and etonitazene 5D-III activity was selectively inhibited in the frontal cortex (at 1300 and 1700 hours) and the amygdala (at all three measuring times). The 5′D-II activity was significantly enhanced 30 min after administration of etonitazene in the frontal cortex, amygdala and limbic forebrain, and after administration of ethanol in the amygdala alone. These effects on 5′D-II activity were seen at 2100 hours only. In conclusion, the two different addictive drugs both reduced the inactivation of the physiologically active thyroid hormone T3 and enhanced its production. These effects occurred almost exclusively in the brain regions which were most likely to be involved in the rewarding properties of addictive drugs. As thyroid hormones have stimulating and mood-elevating properties, an involvement of these hormones in the reinforcing effects of addictive drugs seems conceivable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 351 (1995), S. 469-474 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Desipramine ; Thyroid hormones ; Rat brain
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The effects of the antidepressant desipramine on the tissue concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in 9 different regions of the brain and also in the pituitary and liver were investigated in male rats. The investigations were carried out at three different times of the light/dark cycle: 5 a.m., 1 p.m. and 11 p.m. After fourteen days’ treatment with 20 mg/ kg/day desipramine by gavage the concentrations of triiodothyronine in the frontal and parieto-occipital cortex were significantly higher than in the saline-treated controls, those in the hippocampus lower and those in the 6 remaining brain regions the same. In 8 areas of the brain the concentrations of thyroxine were lower in the desipramine-treated rats and the tissue ratios of triiodothyronine to thyroxine were enhanced in 6 regions. These effects are most likely the result of the action of desipramine on the activity of the isoenzyme 5′II deiodinase. This enzyme catalyzes the deiodination of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in rat brain and its activity has recently been reported to be enhanced by desipramine. The observed effects were dose-dependent and also strongly dependent upon the time within the 24 h light/dark cycle at which the hormone concentrations were measured. No effects of desipramine were seen in the pituitary or liver after 14 days’ treatment, or in various areas of the central nervous system 24 h after administration. In view of the psychotropic properties of thyroid hormones, it seems possible that the observed increases in triiodothyronine concentrations, particularly in cortical areas, are involved in the mechanisms of action of desipramine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 15 (1996), S. 725-732 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A case-control study was conducted to identify determinants for the acquisition of sporadicSalmonella infection in Switzerland. Over a one-year period (1993), 223 case-control pairs were enrolled in the study and risk factors were assessed by means of self-administered questionnaires. Three-quarters of the isolates were identified asSalmonella enteritidis, most of which (80%) belonged to phage type 4. There were distinct differences in risk factors between infections withSalmonella enteritidis and those with otherSalmonella serovars. In both groups recent travel abroad was positively associated with illness. This association was more pronounced for infections with non-enteritidis salmonellae [odds ratio (OR) 39.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.6–236.8, compared toSalmonella enteritidis 4.0; 95% CI 1,8–9.1]. Among the presumably imported infections,Salmonella enteritidis was acquired mostly in other European countries, while other serovars were acquired mostly in countries outside of Europe. Eating food containing raw or undercooked eggs during the three days before the onset of illness increased the risk of infection withSalmonella enteritidis. Desserts made with raw eggs (OR 4.6; 95% C I 2.0–10.6) were more strongly associated with disease than consumption of soft-boiled eggs (OR 2.1; 95% CI1.2–3.7), suggesting that the risk of infection was dependent on the extent to which eggs were cooked. Egg consumption was not associated with infections with serovars other thanSalmonella enteritidis; however, the intake of medications other than antacids was found to be a risk factor (OR 3.5; 95% CI1.1–11.4).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of forest research 69 (1950), S. 636-662 
    ISSN: 1612-4677
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of forest research 71 (1952), S. 337-349 
    ISSN: 1612-4677
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 69 (1998), S. 1019-1022 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Thyroxin ; Schilddrüsenhormone ; Therapieresistente Depression ; Prophylaxeresistenz ; Major Depression ; Bipolare Störungen ; Key words Thyroxine ; Thyroid hormones ; Therapy- resistant depression ; Prophylaxis-resistance ; Major depression ; Bipolar disorde
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary The following review summarizes current knowledge on the treatment of therapy-resistant patients with affective disorders with supraphysiological doses of thyroxine (T4). Several groups have reported independently of each other that administration of 200–500 µg T4/day has excellent effects in 50–65% of patients a) with bipolar disorder, with or without „rapid cycling” course, who were previously resistant to all prophylactic drugs and b) in the treatment of therapy-resistant depression. T4 is effective only in combination with an antidepressant or a prophylactic drug. Side effects are minimal, even when T4 is administered over several years. These results now justify to recommend high dose T4-augmentation as „last-resort” treatment also beyond research purposes, i. e. in psychiatric wards and in private practice. Recommendations for clinical applications are given and hypotheses on possible mechanisms underlying the efficacy of T4 treatment are discussed.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Die nachfolgende Übersicht faßt die bisherigen Erfahrungen mit einer hochdosierten Thyroxin(T4)-Behandlung bei therapie- und prophylaxeresistenten Patienten mit affektiven Psychosen zusammen. Mehrere voneinander unabhängige Arbeitsgruppen berichteten in offenen Studie über ausgezeichnete prophylaktische bzw. therapeutische Ergebnisse einer Behandlung mit „supraphysiologischen” Dosen von T4 (200 bis 500 µg pro Tag) bei 50 bis 65% aller bislang prophylaxeresistenten bipolaren Patienten mit oder ohne Rapid-cycling-Verlauf sowie bei bisher therapieresistenten Depressionen. T4 ist nur bei gleichzeitiger Medikation eines Antidepressivums bzw. Phasenprophylaktikums wirksam. Die Nebenwirkungen sind – auch bei Langzeitbehandlung – in fast allen Fällen minimal. Diese Ergebnisse rechtfertigen, die hochdosierte T4-Behandlung als „Mittel der letzten Wahl” bei therapie- und prophylaxeresistenten Patienten mit affektiven Psychosen in Zukunft auch außerhalb der Forschung, d. h. auf den Stationen Psychiatrischer Abteilungen sowie in Nervenarztpraxen durchzuführen. Praktische Empfehlungen zur Durchführung dieser Behandlung werden gegeben und die möglichen Wirkungsmechanismen diskutiert.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of forest research 69 (1950), S. 156-160 
    ISSN: 1612-4677
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of forest research 72 (1953), S. 172-184 
    ISSN: 1612-4677
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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