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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fusarium resistance in Gladiolus: Selection in seedling populations (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 116 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A test to select Fusarium resistant seedlings of Gladiolus is described. Seedlings of 37 populations, obtained from an incomplete diallel between eight parents with different levels of Fusarium resistance, were used. Significant differences in Fusarium infection between and within populations were detected. Most of the descendants selected had a resistant G. dalenii genotype as one of the parents. The resistance level of the parents was associated with the general combining ability for Fusarium resistance based on the seedling test. Implications for resistance breeding are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1997.tb00997.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin 10 Release During Endotoxaemia in Chimpanzees: Role of Platelet-Activating Factor and Interleukin 6 (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Interleukin (IL-)10 has been demonstrated to inhibit endotoxin-induced production of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The present study sought to compare the appearances in the circulation of IL-10, IL-6 and IL-8, and to assess the roles ofendogenously produced platelet-activating factor (PAF) and IL-6 in IL-10 release during endotoxaemia in chimpanzees. Intravenous injection of endotoxin (lot EC-5, 4 ng/kg, n = 8) induced a transient rise in serum IL-10concentrations, peaking after 2 h (213 ± 70 pg/ml; P 〈 0.05). No correlations existed between peak IL-10 levels, and peak IL-6 and IL-8 levels. Neither infusion of the specific PAF antagonist TCV-309(n = 4), nor infusion of a neutralizing anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody (n = 4) influenced endotoxin-induced IL-10 release. IL-10 release elicited by injection of endotoxin is not mediated by PAF or IL6. Tom van der Poll MD, Academic Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, F4222, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-12.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review article: symptom improvement through eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (1996)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 10 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this article is to determine, by reviewing the literature, whether treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia affects symptoms. Ten publications were identified through a computerized and manual literature search, and the percentage of patients with symptom improvement after successful or unsuccessful eradication therapy for H. pylori infection was calculated. In the 10 studies, symptom improvement after treatment was found in 73% of the patients that became H. pylori-negative and 45% of the patients that remained H. pylori-positive. Symptom improvement was modified by various clinical features and methodological aspects. If eradication of H. pylori failed, symptoms only improved over a short period. Symptom improvement was more pronounced in dyspeptic patients in whom H. pylori was eradicated than in those in whom H. pylori infection persisted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1996.86258000.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating the cost of lost productivity in dyspepsia (1998)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 12 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the field of gastrointestinal disease, productivity costs are highly relevant because work loss is substantial in dyspeptic patients. Productivity costs are normally calculated by multiplying days absent valued by gross earnings. This, however, might lead to an overestimation.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To use a conservative approach to calculating productivity costs, taking absence compensating mechanisms into account.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Patients who visited their general practitioner for the first time with dyspeptic complaints and patients who were known to have persistent dyspeptic complaints were enrolled in two studies. In total, 136 patients completed a questionnaire about their employment situation, absence from work and absence compensating mechanisms.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Sixty-six of the respondents had a paid job, of which 25 (38%) reported absence from work during the previous 4 weeks (average 3.0 days, 1.9 days related to dyspeptic complaints). More than 50% of the employed respondents answered that absence could be compensated for by colleagues, and only in 8% of the cases was absence compensated for by overtime. Using our conservative approach, only one-quarter of the productivity costs remained, compared to the current approach of valuing each day absent as a loss of productivity.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:We suggest using both the current and the conservative approaches, analogous to the principles of sensitivity analysis, to avoid overestimation of productivity costs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1998.00376.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-crystal structure analysis and energy minimizations of a MFI-type zeolite at low p-dichlorobenzene sorbate loading (1996)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The crystal structure of a low-loaded adsorption complex of H-ZSM-5 with p-dichlorobenzene has been studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The controversy in the literature, concerning the preferred location of the p-dichlorobenzene molecule, is explained by different interpretations of the difference electron-density map representing the electron density of the absorbed molecule. The crystal studied contains 2.56 (2) p-dichlorobenzene molecules per unit cell. The absorbed molecules prefer the position at the intersection of channels. Energy calculations, using the Biosym Catalysis and Sorption Software, strongly support this interpretation. In nearly all calculations the orientation of the relaxed molecule is close to the orientation found from the X-ray analysis. A second rotational position at the intersection, suggested from calculations in a fully relaxed structure, resembles the location of the p-xylene molecule at the intersection of channels in the high-loaded H-ZSM-5/8p-xylene complex. The unit cell of Si11.96Al0.04O24.0.32C6H4Cl2(+ 0.04H+), Mr = 767.42, is orthorhombic, Pnma, with a = 20.009 (3), b = 19.909 (4), c = 13.366 (2) Å, V = 5324 (2) Å3, Z = 8, Dx = 1.922 Mg m−3 and μ(Mo Kα) = 0.734 mm−1. The final R(wR) is 0.044 (0.048), w = 1/σ2(F), for 5306 observed reflections with I〉 2.0σ(I) measured at 293 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768195008512
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The estimation of crystal thickness and the restoration of structure-factor modulus from electron diffraction: a kinematical approach (1995)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 188-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A technique of crystal-thickness estimation and structure-factor-modulus restoration (reconstruction) from electron diffraction patterns, for use in crystal-structure determination, is proposed based on the kinematic scattering theory. A criterion for a self-consistent test of the restored structure-factor modulus has also been introduced from the structure-factor statistics developed by direct methods for X-ray diffraction. Theoretical tests on some structures are successful and show that the diffraction intensities are improved to be closer to the moduli of the true structure factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767394010287
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MSLS, a Least-Squares Procedure for Accurate Crystal Structure Refinement from Dynamical Electron Diffraction Patterns (1998)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 91-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In X-ray crystallography, a least-squares structure refinement is used to two purposes: to prove the correctness of the proposed model and to improve it. In electron crystallography, the same tool would be desirable. However, the standard programs for least-squares structure refinement used in X-ray diffraction may give wrong results using electron diffraction data because the kinematically calculated diffracted intensity is not valid for the interaction of electrons and crystals thicker than about 20 Å for strong scatterers. In this paper, a new approach is presented that overcomes this problem and in addition takes into account all the advantages contained in dynamic scattering. The multislice method, well known in high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), was combined with a least-squares algorithm, resulting in the multislice least-squares (MSLS) procedure. Experiments show that the atomic positions obtained by the new procedure are of the same accuracy as those obtained from single-crystal X-ray diffraction. However, the size of the single crystals used is much smaller (diameters down to ±100 Å). Also, light-atom positions can be determined with high precision by using data sets from crystal areas with different thicknesses. The multislice refinement gave good results up to 150 to 400 Å depending on the composition of the crystal, with R values based on the intensities of less than 5%. An additional advantage of the approach is that some extra quantities (e.g. crystal thickness, crystal orientation) can be refined at the same time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767397010489
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The location of p-dichlorobenzene in a single crystal of zeolite H-ZSM-5 at high sorbate loading (1996)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 140-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The crystal structure of a high-loaded complex of H-ZSM-5 with eight molecules of p-dichlorobenzene per unit cell has been solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The orthorhombic space group P212121 with a = 20.102 (6), b = 19.797 (9), c = 13.436 (3) Å and V = 5347 (3) Å3 has four Si23.92Al0.08O48.2C6H4Cl2 units per unit cell. Dx = 2.164 Mg m−3, λ(MoKα) = 0.71073 Å and μ(Mo Kα) = 0.876 mm−1. The final R(wR) = 0.046 (0.039), w = 1/σ2(F), for 6090 observed reflections with I 〉 1.0σ(I) measured at 293 K. The straight channel parallel to [010] is slightly corrugated. The elliptical cross sections have limiting apertures of 6.0 × 4.9 Å (roxygen = 1.35 Å). The sinusoidal channel parallel to [100] is elliptical with major and minor axes of 6.1 × 4.8 Å, respectively. One of the two independent p-dichlorobenzene molecule lies at the intersection of the straight and sinusoidal channels with its long molecular axis almost parallel to (100) and deviating 8̃° from [010]. The second p-dichlorobenzene molecule is in the sinusoidal channel. Its long molecular axis deviates almost 7° from [100] and is practically parallel to (010). The structural aspects are in all details comparable to those in the high-loaded H-ZSM-5/p-xylene complex [van Koningsveld, Tuinstra, van Bekkum & Jansen (1989). Acta Cryst. B45, 423–431] , except for the main interaction forces between the p-dichlorobenzene molecules at the channel intersection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768195008524
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of partial cDNA sequences differentially expressed in patients with myelodysplasia (1996)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 72 (1996), S. 231-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Differential display ; Myelodysplastic syndromes ; Chromosomal aberration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The most common chromosomal aberrations in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are complete or partial loss of chromosomes 5 and 7, and trisomy 8. To identify genes important in the pathogenesis of this disease that could be associated with these gross chromosomal defects, we have employed the differential display PCR (DDPCR) procedure developed by Liang and Pardee. This method allows simultaneous comparison of several cDNA sources for the presence of differentially expressed genes. Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) from two MDS patients, containing a 5q deletion or a trisomy 8, and three healthy controls were used. Initial screening resulted in the identification of five and three partial cDNA sequences, respectively that were either differentially expressed in both patient samples or in individual patients, as compared with the controls. The authenticity of aberrant expression was verified by reanalyzing the same primer combinations on newly prepared cDNA. Differential expression of the three remaining fragments was subsequently checked on a larger panel of MDS patients, using amplicon-specific primer sets. These were obtained by cloning and sequencing of the fragments. For one partial cDNA (DC3), the original expression pattern, i.e., decreased expression in individual MDS patients, was confirmed. These results demonstrate the utility of the DDPCR procedure to isolate differentially expressed sequences in primary patient samples where the availability of cells is a limiting factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050165
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Häufige Probleme bei der antibiotischen Chemotherapie bakterieller ZNS-Erkrankungen Fallbeispiele und Vorschläge für die Initialbehandlung (1997)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 68 (1997), S. 331-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Bakterielle Meningoenzephalitis ; Antibiotikatherapie ; Pneumokokkenmeningitis ; Meningokokkenmeningitis ; Listerienmeningitis ; Key words Bacterial meningoencephalitis ; Antibiotic treatment ; Pneumococcal meningitis ; Meningococcal meningitis ; Listerial meningitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The initial antibiotic treatment of bacterial meningoencephalitis has major implications for the course of the disease. The current spectrum of infectious agents must be considered. Antibiotics have to reach sufficient concentrations in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid for a bactericidal action to occur at the site of infection. Frequent problems arising in this condition are: (1) the non-observation of listerial infections, (2) the use of antibiotics not sufficiently active against gram-positive bacteria in pneumococal meningitis, (3) the development of meningitis following the use of ciprofloxacin in respiratory tract infections, (4) the hasty change in antibiotic regimens in focal parenchymal infections during delayed response to therapy, (5) the use of bacteriostatic antibiotics, and (6) the delay in administering sufficient antibiotic therapy during fulminate meningococcal meningitis. Problems arising from these conditions are illustrated by case reports.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die antibiotische Initialtherapie der bakteriellen Meningoenzephalitis hat für den weiteren Krankheitsverlauf große Bedeutung. Sie muß das in Betracht kommende Erregerspektrum abdecken. Die eingesetzten Antibiotika müssen ausreichende Blut- und Liquorkonzentrationen erreichen, um am Ort der Infektion bakterizid wirksam zu sein. Häufige Probleme in diesem Zusammenhang sind 1. die Nichtbeachtung von Infektionen durch Listerien, 2. der Einsatz von im Gram-positiven Bereich zu wenig wirksamen Antibiotika bei Pneumokokkenmeningitiden, 3. die Entstehung von Meningitiden bei der Behandlung außerhalb des Krankenhauses erworbener respiratorischer Infekte mit Ciprofloxacin, 4. der zu schnelle Wechsel des antibiotischen Regimes bei verzögertem Ansprechen fokaler Parenchyminfektionen (Phlegmone, Abszeß), 5. die Verwendung bakteriostatischer Antibiotika und 6. der Verzögerung des Therapiebeginns bei fulminant verlaufenden Meningokokkenmeningitiden. Die daraus entstehenden Probleme werden anhand von Fallbeispielen verdeutlicht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050131
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