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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rotating bucket of sand: Experiment and theory (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Chaos 9 (1999), S. 631-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7682
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The surface shape of a bucket of sand rotating about its cylindrical axis is studied experimentally and theoretically. Focusing on fast time scales on which surface shape is determined by avalanches, we identify three regimes of behavior. At intermediate and high frequencies, the surface shape is always at its critical shape determined by the Coulomb yield condition. The low frequency behavior displays an unexpected subcritical region at the center of the bucket. To understand this central region, we adapt a continuum model of surface flow developed by Bouchaud et al. and Mehta et al. The model indicates that the subcritical region is due to a nonlinear instability mechanism. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.166436
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of fluorescence-based temperature sensor schemes: Theoretical analysis and experimental validation (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 4649-4654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The performance of the two most promising fluorescence-based temperature sensing techniques, namely the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) and fluorescence lifetime (FL) schemes, have been compared. Theoretical calibration graphs for the two methods illustrate the useful monotonic change of the response with temperature variation. Comparison of the responses and the sensitivities of the two schemes show that at very low temperatures the FIR method exhibits a significant variation with temperature, while the response of the FL method becomes constant with its sensitivity approaching zero. With increasing temperature, the FIR and the FL methods (with short relaxation times and shorter intrinsic lifetimes of the upper energy levels) share a similar sensitivity over a wide temperature range. The presence of a long relaxation time or a longer intrinsic lifetime of the upper level in the use of the FL method gives a less satisfactory response. Experimental data obtained for a range of dopant ions in various host materials are found to be consistent with the theoretical expectation, with each material having a specific energy gap difference. The sensitivities of each material are compared graphically which would allow the most appropriate sensor for an intended application to be selected. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368705
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Locking the cavity of a pulsed periodically poled lithium niobate optical parametric oscillator to the wavelength of a continuous-wave injection seeder by an "intensity-dip" method (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 3203-3213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Injection seeding by a single-mode continuous-wave (cw) laser provides a convenient way to achieve narrowband tunable operation of a laser with a broad spectral gain profile, or of an optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Continuous single-mode tunability of the laser or OPO output usually requires the length of the optical cavity to be controlled as the injection-seeding wavelength is scanned. We report a novel variant on established methods of locking the optical cavity length to the seed wavelength. Our approach takes advantage of the resonance properties of an optical cavity. When the cavity is in resonance with the cw seed radiation, the total intensity of that radiation reflected off the cavity displays a pronounced dip; this intensity dip can be used as a locking signal to reset the cavity length piezoelectrically during each interval between the pump pulses that excite the laser or OPO. Our active cavity-locking scheme is realized in the case of a ring-cavity OPO, incorporating periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN), pumped at 1.064 μm by a single-mode pulsed Nd:yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser and injection-seeded at its signal wavelength by a 1.55 μm single-mode tunable diode laser. The coherent infrared output of this injection-seeded PPLN OPO is shown to be continuously tunable, with an optical bandwidth of ∼130 MHz (0.0045 cm−1) and excellent spatial beam quality. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149895
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eleventh Report of the Committee on Atomic Weights of the International Union of Chemistry (1941)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 63 (1941), S. 845-850 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01848a058
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nd3+-doped optical fiber temperature sensor using the fluorescence intensity ratio technique (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 4279-4282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An optical fiber temperature sensor employing the fluorescence intensity ratio using Nd3+-doped silica fiber and exhibiting high sensitivity is presented. The development and construction of the sensor, which requires relatively simple electronics and data analysis, is described together with its calibration over the −50 to +500 °C temperature range. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150067
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Specific Gravity of Iodine Pentoxide and the Atomic Weight of Iodine (1940)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 62 (1940), S. 1824-1825 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01864a050
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tenth Report of the Committee on Atomic Weights of the International Union of Chemistry (1940)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 62 (1940), S. 669-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01860a070
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lansoprazole 30 mg daily versus ranitidine 150 mg b.d. in the treatment of acid-related dyspepsia in general practice (1997)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To compare lansoprazole 30 mg daily with ranitidine 150 mg b.d. in the treatment of acid-related dyspepsia in general practice.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:In a double-blind, parallel group, randomized, multicentre study conducted in 32 general practices in the UK, 213 patients were randomized to receive lansoprazole 30 mg daily, and 219 to receive ranitidine 150 mg b.d., for 4 weeks. All patients had experienced symptoms of reflux-like or ulcer-like dyspepsia on at least 4 of the 7 days prior to the study; 75% had experienced dyspepsia in the past, and 74 of the lansoprazole patients and 77 of the ranitidine patients had documented histories of acid-related disorders, investigated by either radiology or endoscopy.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:After 2 weeks 55% of the lansoprazole patients and 33% of the ranitidine group were symptom-free (P = 0.001, χ2 = 7.12) with corresponding 4-week figures of 69% and 44%, respectively (P = 0.001, χ2 = 18.03). Similar figures were found at both 2 and 4 weeks for daytime and night-time heartburn and epigastric pain scores; in the lansoprazole group, at 4 weeks, 80% of patients were free of daytime heartburn and 81% of night-time epigastric pain, compared with 55% (P = 0.001, χ2 = 15.44) and 65% (P = 0.01, χ2 = 6.10) in the ranitidine group.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:Superior symptom relief for patients presenting with ulcer-like and reflux-like symptoms in general practice is provided by lansoprazole 30 mg daily compared with ranitidine 150 mg twice daily.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.00179.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relevance of pulse repetition rate and radiant exposure to the neurophysiological effects of low-intensity laser (820 nm/pulsed wave) irradiation upon skin temperature and antidromic conduction latencies in the human median nerve (1995)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 10 (1995), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Nerve conduction ; Laser therapy ; Skin temperature ; Biostimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of low-intensity near-infra-red laser irradiation (820 nm; 1.5 and 9.0 J cm−2; pulsed at 12 Hz, 73 Hz and 5 kHz) upon peripheral neurophysiology and skin temperature were investigated using antidromic conduction studies in the human median nerve in vivo. Healthy human volunteers (n = 90) were recruited and allocated randomly to either a control group (n=10) or one of eight experimental groups (two radiant exposures, 1.5 J cm−2 and 9.0 J cm−2 at one of three pulse repetition rates, 12 Hz, 73 Hz or 5 kHz, in addition to a placebo group for each radiant exposure;n = 10 all groups). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated a significant (p≤0.05) decrease in skin temperature following irradiation at the lowest radiant exposure (1.5 J cm−2) combined with pulse repetition rates of 73 Hz and 5 kHz, with the greatest effect at 73 Hz. These changes in skin temperature were coupled with increases in negative peak latency (NPL); ie changes in NPL were inversely related to changes in skin temperature. However, in contrast to the authors' previous findings using continuous wave (CW) laser irradiation, differences in NPL were not found to be significant. These findings, therefore, provide little evidence of the neuro-physiological effects of low-intensity infra-red irradiation at the dosage levels and pulse repetition rates used here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02133617
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells express message for both CXC and CC type chemokine receptors (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 144 (1999), S. 273-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) causes a disease in cats similar in clinical presentation and disease progression to that of HIV and AIDS. It is now known that, for HIV infection, as well as primary binding of virus to the CD4 receptor, entry and infection of cells requires coreceptors which are members of the chemokine group of G-protein coupled receptors. Because of the similarity of HIV and FIV, we hypothesised that coreceptors are required for the entry and infection of cells by FIV. Using a feline cDNA library derived from a feline IL-2 sensitive lymphocyte cell line, we identified the presence of message for both CC and CXC chemokine receptors. The feline CXCR4 has been shown to facilitate fusion by FIV [44] and we suggest that the feline CCR5 receptor mediates infection of feline cells by M-tropic strains of FIV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050503
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